V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z firmy ARMO demonstrovali mo\u017enost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed rootkit\u016f, kter\u00e9 nevyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed obvykl\u00fdch operac\u00ed, jako je \u010dten\u00ed\/zapisov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f a p\u0159ijet\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f z extern\u00edho serveru. M\u00edsto syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch a souborov\u00fdch operac\u00ed bylo navr\u017eeno vyu\u017eit\u00ed rozhran\u00ed asynchronn\u00edho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu io_uring, kter\u00e9 je podporov\u00e1no od j\u00e1dra Linux 5.1. <\/p>\n
Podstata metody spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee m\u00edsto samostatn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edstup k soubor\u016fm a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch operac\u00ed (read\/write, recv\/send\/connect\/bind\/listen) lze pou\u017e\u00edt obecn\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed io_uring (io_uring_enter, io_uring_setup, io_uring_register atd.), kter\u00e9 nejsou analyzov\u00e1na b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji pro zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 aktivity. Rozhran\u00ed io_uring podporuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 r\u016fzn\u00fdch operac\u00ed. V sou\u010dasnosti se vyv\u00edj\u00ed mo\u017enost, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje spou\u0161t\u011bt nov\u00e9 procesy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm io_uring. <\/p>\n
Pro demonstraci funkce metody byl p\u0159ipraven prototyp rootkitu Curing, kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u00ed takov\u00e9 akce, jako je p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f z extern\u00edho serveru<\/a> a p\u0159enos\/zm\u011bna soubor\u016f. V demonstra\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladu byla vyu\u017eita \u017e\u00e1dost na TCP port 8888 extern\u00edho hostitele a odesl\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu souboru « \/etc\/shadow ». P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m kompromitov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu a z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v root \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk nainstaluje rootkit, aby upevnil svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost v infikovan\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n V proveden\u00e9m experimentu aktivita rootkitu Curing z\u016fstala bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed n\u00e1stroji monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed Falco a Tetragon, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k ur\u010den\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch anom\u00e1li\u00ed na hostitel\u00edch a v kontejnerech (podporov\u00e1na je integrace s infrastrukturou na b\u00e1zi Kubernetes). Uveden\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed pro anal\u00fdzu takov\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, jako je spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed proces\u016f, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 aktivita a pr\u00e1ce se soubory, ale nezohled\u0148uj\u00ed mo\u017enost vyu\u017eit\u00ed subsyst\u00e9mu io_uring pro podobn\u00e9 operace. V\u011bt\u0161ina dostupn\u00fdch komer\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f pro Linux pro detekci a reakci na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed incidenty tak\u00e9 vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n Pro vylou\u010den\u00ed obch\u00e1zen\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 a souborov\u00e9 aktivity se doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edt mechanismus KRSI (Kernel Runtime Security Instrumentation), kter\u00fd se objevil v j\u00e1d\u0159e Linux 5.7 a umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ipojen\u00ed BPF program\u016f k jak\u00fdmkoli LSM hook\u016fm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad KRSI na \u00farovni LSM hook\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje sledov\u00e1n\u00ed operac\u00ed se soubory, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu a spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed proces\u016f, bez ohledu na to, zda jsou tyto operace iniciov\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm specifick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed nebo pomoc\u00ed io_uring. <\/p>\n D\u0159\u00edve byla podsystem io_uring p\u0159edm\u011btem kritiky kv\u016fli pravideln\u011b se objevuj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm zranitelnostem. V reakci na p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bli jednoduch\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro vypnut\u00ed io_uring bez nutnosti p\u0159einstalace j\u00e1dra, byl do j\u00e1dra Linux 6.6 p\u0159id\u00e1n sysctl io_uring_disabled. Spole\u010dnost Google ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed deaktivovala io_uring v ChromeOS, Androidu a na sv\u00fdch serverech<\/a>, vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee neuspokojiv\u00e1 situace s bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed v io_uring p\u0159eva\u017euje nad v\u00fdhodami pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed io_uring k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 ARMO \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\/\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 io_uring, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.1. \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123647","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Prototyp rootkitu pro Linux, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 io_uring k obch\u00e1zen\u00ed analyz\u00e1tor\u016f syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed | ProHoster","description":"V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci ze spole\u010dnosti ARMO demonstrovali mo\u017enost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed rootkit\u016f, kter\u00e9 nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed specifick\u00e1 syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"