{"id":123966,"date":"2025-05-03T15:05:12","date_gmt":"2025-05-03T13:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/proekt-debian-nachal-obshhee-golosovanie-po-kriteriyam-otkrytosti-ai-modelej"},"modified":"2025-05-03T15:05:12","modified_gmt":"2025-05-03T13:05:12","slug":"proekt-debian-nachal-obshhee-golosovanie-po-kriteriyam-otkrytosti-ai-modelej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/proekt-debian-nachal-obshhee-golosovanie-po-kriteriyam-otkrytosti-ai-modelej","title":{"rendered":"Projekt Debian zah\u00e1jil obecn\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o krit\u00e9ri\u00edch otev\u0159enosti AI model\u016f","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Projekt Debian ozn\u00e1mil kon\u00e1n\u00ed obecn\u00e9ho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed (GR, obecn\u00e9 usnesen\u00ed) mezi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i projektu, aby byly schv\u00e1leny krit\u00e9ria pro p\u0159ijet\u00ed model\u016f strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed do hlavn\u00edho repozit\u00e1\u0159e projektu. V tuto f\u00e1zi byla zah\u00e1jena f\u00e1ze diskuse, po kter\u00e9 za\u010dne sb\u011br hlas\u016f (datum zah\u00e1jen\u00ed hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed zat\u00edm nebylo stanoveno). Pr\u00e1va hlasu m\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b tis\u00edc v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b bal\u00edk\u016f a podpory infrastruktury Debian.       <\/p>\n<p>AI modely distribuovan\u00e9 pod otev\u0159en\u00fdmi licencemi, ale bez poskytnut\u00ed zdrojov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro tr\u00e9nink modelu, by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za neslu\u010diteln\u00e9 s krit\u00e9rii Debianu, kter\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed svobodn\u00fd software (DFSG, Debian Free Software Guideline). V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b schv\u00e1len\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu takov\u00e9 modely nebudou moci b\u00fdt zahrnuty do hlavn\u00edho repozit\u00e1\u0159e projektu (&#171;main&#187;). Mo\u017enost dod\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdch model\u016f do repozit\u00e1\u0159e &#171;non-free&#187; v prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed nebude zva\u017eov\u00e1na.    <\/p>\n<p>Mezi probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b absence dat pou\u017eit\u00fdch p\u0159i tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed, byly zm\u00edn\u011bny:    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Absence zdrojov\u00fdch dat nebo program\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch p\u0159i v\u00fdcviku v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezuje mo\u017enosti modifikace hotov\u00fdch AI model\u016f. I kdy\u017e je licencia povoluje, v praxi je takov\u00e1 modifikace obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1. Zm\u011bny mohou b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby zm\u011bnit tokeniz\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd je nezbytn\u00fd pro p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed podpory nov\u00fdch jazyk\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Data pou\u017eit\u00e1 pro tr\u00e9nink lze pova\u017eovat za &#171;zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d&#187; modelu, a hotov\u00fd model jako v\u00fdsledek zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto &#171;zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du&#187; n\u00e1stroji pro tr\u00e9nink. Odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro plnou modifikaci modelu mo\u017enost modifikace zdrojov\u00fdch dat a n\u00e1stroj\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nemo\u017enost reprodukovat pr\u00e1ci, provedenou p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed modelu, bez p\u0159\u00edstupu k p\u016fvodn\u00edm dat\u016fm a n\u00e1stroj\u016fm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed a etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Bez zdrojov\u00fdch dat a n\u00e1stroj\u016f je mo\u017enost odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed v modelech omezena pou\u017eit\u00edm bin\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1plat nebo \u00faplnou v\u00fdm\u011bnou modelu. Takov\u00e9 z\u00e1platy m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipravit pouze autor modelu, a spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 modelu se stanou zcela z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi na n\u011bm. P\u0159itom nikdo, v\u010detn\u011b autor\u016f modelu, nen\u00ed schopen pochopit podstatu navrhovan\u00fdch zm\u011bn. Nedostatek zdrojov\u00fdch dat tak\u00e9 zt\u011b\u017euje odhalen\u00ed subdod\u00e1vky backdoor\u016f v modelech strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Omezen\u00ed ve studiu. Bez zdrojov\u00fdch dat nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 potvrdit, \u017ee model byl vy\u0161kolen na datech dodan\u00fdch pod licencemi, kter\u00e9 takov\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed, nebo vylou\u010dit, \u017ee p\u0159i tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed nebyla pou\u017eita data z\u00edskan\u00e1 neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Krom\u011b toho, pokud byla p\u0159i tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eita data pod licenc\u00ed GPL, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza, zda ve v\u00fdstupech modelu nejsou fragmenty, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed kopie t\u011bchto dat, pro kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 uv\u00e9st zdroj a licenci. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 m\u016f\u017ee omylem poru\u0161it licenci na n\u011bjak\u00e1 zdrojov\u00e1 data, pokud do sv\u00e9ho projektu zahrne k\u00f3d\/obsah generovan\u00fd modelem.    <\/ul>\n<p>V \u0159\u00edjnu minul\u00e9ho roku organizace OSI (Open Source Initiative) zve\u0159ejnila definici otev\u0159en\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu (Open Source AI). Otev\u0159en\u00fd AI syst\u00e9m by m\u011bl poskytovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enosti: pou\u017eit\u00ed k jak\u00fdmkoli \u00fa\u010del\u016fm bez nutnosti z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho povolen\u00ed; studium fungov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu a inspekce jeho komponent\u016f; prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zm\u011bn pro jak\u00e9koli \u00fa\u010dely; p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00fdm osob\u00e1m jak v p\u016fvodn\u00ed podob\u011b, tak i po proveden\u00ed zm\u011bn, bez omezen\u00ed \u00fa\u010del\u016f pou\u017eit\u00ed. Otev\u0159en\u00fd AI syst\u00e9m by m\u011bl obsahovat podrobn\u00e9 informace o architektu\u0159e modelu, datech pou\u017eit\u00fdch p\u0159i tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed a metodologii tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a u\u010den\u00ed AI syst\u00e9mu. Informace by m\u011bly b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pro to, aby profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 mohl vlastn\u00edmi silami zrekonstruovat ekvivalentn\u00ed AI syst\u00e9m, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed pro tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00e1 nebo podobn\u00e1 data.     <\/p>\n<p>Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 organizace Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) kritizovala toto ur\u010den\u00ed. Nespokojenost byla vyvol\u00e1na t\u00edm, \u017ee v krit\u00e9ri\u00edch chyb\u00ed po\u017eadavek na poskytnut\u00ed dat pou\u017eit\u00fdch pro tr\u00e9nink modelu. V ur\u010den\u00ed OSI se vy\u017eaduje pouze poskytnout podrobn\u00e9 informace o datech pou\u017eit\u00fdch p\u0159i tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale ne samotn\u00e1 data. P\u0159ijat\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed zaru\u010duje pouze dv\u011b ze \u010dty\u0159 deklarovan\u00fdch svobod Open Source \u2014 mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat a mo\u017enost distribuovat, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mo\u017enosti m\u011bnit a zkoumat nejsou zcela zaji\u0161t\u011bny.     <\/p>\n<p>Rozhodnut\u00ed OSI je vysv\u011btlov\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee publikace p\u016fvodn\u00edch dat je v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech nemo\u017en\u00e1 z d\u016fvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i AI modelu, jako je pot\u0159eba uchovat d\u016fv\u011brnost, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem, licencov\u00e1n\u00ed dat od t\u0159et\u00edch stran atd. Pokud by se p\u0159idala povinnost poskytovat data, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z existuj\u00edc\u00edch velk\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch model\u016f by nez\u00edskal status otev\u0159en\u00e9ho, a samotn\u00e1 definice by se stala nedosa\u017eitelnou utopi\u00ed.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63180\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 Debian \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (GR, general resolution) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430). \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b Debian. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 Debian \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (GR, general resolution) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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