{"id":124683,"date":"2025-05-13T15:05:07","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T13:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/training-solo-novye-varianty-ataki-spectre-v2-zatragivayushhie-cpu-intel"},"modified":"2026-01-24T17:56:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T15:56:45","slug":"training-solo-novye-varianty-ataki-spectre-v2-zatragivayushhie-cpu-intel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/training-solo-novye-varianty-ataki-spectre-v2-zatragivayushhie-cpu-intel","title":{"rendered":"Training Solo \u2014 nov\u00e9 varianty \u00fatok\u016f Spectre-v2, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed CPU Intel","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Skupina v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f z Amsterdamsk\u00e9 univerzity zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na svobodu odhalila n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch zranitelnost\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy Spectre-v2, publikovan\u00fdch pod k\u00f3dov\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem Training Solo, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed obch\u00e1zet mechanismy izolace pam\u011bti. V kontextu virtualiza\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f tyto zranitelnosti umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zjistit obsah pam\u011bti hostitelsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed z hostitelsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, a v kontextu server\u016f \u2013 ur\u010dit obsah pam\u011bti j\u00e1dra p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed exploit\u016f v prostoru u\u017eivatele. P\u0159\u00edklady exploit\u016f pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed takov\u00fdchto \u00fatok\u016f byly publikov\u00e1ny na GitHubu. P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 exploity umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vat libovoln\u00e1 data z pam\u011bti j\u00e1dra rychlost\u00ed 17 KB\/s, a z pam\u011bti hypervizoru \u2013 8,5 KB\/s.      <\/p>\n<p>V \u00fatoc\u00edch t\u0159\u00eddy Spectre-v2 pro organizaci \u00faniku dat je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na substituce hodnot v bufferu c\u00edlov\u00e9ho adresov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btven\u00ed (Branch Target Buffer) nebo bufferu s histori\u00ed p\u0159echod\u016f (Branch History Buffer), kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro predikci dal\u0161\u00ed operace v\u011btven\u00ed. Manipulac\u00ed s histori\u00ed p\u0159echod\u016f se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro nespr\u00e1vnou predikci p\u0159echodu p\u0159i spekulativn\u00edm vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed instrukc\u00ed. \u00dakolem \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka je zajistit, aby p\u0159i vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed spekulativn\u00ed operace v\u011btven\u00ed byl adres pro p\u0159echod z\u00edsk\u00e1n z po\u017eadovan\u00e9 oblasti pam\u011bti. Po vykon\u00e1n\u00ed spekulativn\u00edho p\u0159echodu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v procesorov\u00e9 cache p\u0159e\u010dten\u00fd z pam\u011bti adres p\u0159echodu (ve form\u011b adresy se p\u0159e\u010dtou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data z pam\u011bti). Pro extrakci informac\u00ed z cache m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit jeden ze zp\u016fsob\u016f ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu cache na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy zm\u011bny doby p\u0159\u00edstupu k ulo\u017een\u00fdm a neulo\u017een\u00fdm dat\u016fm.         <\/p>\n<p>Metody \u00fatoku Training Solo c\u00edl\u00ed na obch\u00e1zen\u00ed mechanism\u016f izolace v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch oblast\u00ed (domain isolation), jako jsou IBPB, eIBRS a BHI_NO, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k blokov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fatok\u016f t\u0159\u00eddy Spectre-v2. Nap\u0159\u00edklad instrukce IBPB (Indirect Branch Prediction Barriers) zaji\u0161\u0165uje resetov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu bloku p\u0159edpov\u011bdi skok\u016f p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159epnut\u00ed kontextu \u2013 p\u0159i p\u0159enosu ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mezi u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm prostorem a j\u00e1drem nebo mezi hostitelsk\u00fdm a hostovan\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. Resetov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu blokuje mo\u017enost vyu\u017eit\u00ed vlastn\u00edho k\u00f3du k ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed bloku p\u0159edpov\u011bdi nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch skok\u016f.        <\/p>\n<p>Rozd\u00edly metod Training Solo spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v tom, \u017ee pro ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed bloku predikce skok\u016f se navrhuje nespou\u0161t\u011bt k\u00f3d pod kontrolou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka, ale vyu\u017e\u00edt k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd ji\u017e existuje na stran\u011b privilegovan\u00e9 oblasti vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (j\u00e1dro nebo hypervisor), z n\u00ed\u017e \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 unikl\u00e9 informace. Jinak se metody podobaj\u00ed klasick\u00e9mu \u00fatoku Spectre-v2. Krom\u011b toho v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci identifikovali dva hardwarov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my (CVE-2024-28956 a CVE-2025-24495), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zcela obej\u00edt izolaci oblast\u00ed vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a realizovat \u00faniky z proces\u016f jin\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f, jin\u00fdch hostitelsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f nebo hostitelsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.    <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Training Solo - nov\u00e9 varianty \u00fatoku Spectre-v2, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed CPU Intel\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/aab3af31923044fc239d55ff8b7846b4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>      <\/p>\n<p>Byly navr\u017eeny t\u0159i typy \u00fatok\u016f Training Solo:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Deformace logiky predikce skok\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vol\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch sekvenc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f (gadgets) v j\u00e1d\u0159e, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed obsah bufferu s histori\u00ed skok\u016f. Jako podobn\u00e9 gadgety bylo navr\u017eeno vyu\u017e\u00edt mechanizmus omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm vol\u00e1n\u00edm SECCOMP, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm substituce vlastn\u00edch BPF filtr\u016f dos\u00e1hnout fale\u0161n\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho skoku v spekulativn\u00edm re\u017eimu (filtry v SECCOMP se nastavuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed klasick\u00e9ho cBPF, kter\u00fd je ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed povolen, na rozd\u00edl od eBPF). P\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed na CPU Intel Tiger Lake a Lion Cove byla rychlost \u00faniku p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to metody 1,7 KB\/s.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pou\u017eit\u00ed koliz\u00ed IP (Instruction Pointer) v bloku predikce skok\u016f. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky, za nich\u017e bude adresa pro spekulativn\u00ed skok vybr\u00e1na pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed adresy skoku v bufferu, bez ohledu na historii skok\u016f. My\u0161lenka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee jedna operace nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho skoku m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit jinou, pokud dojde k kolizi p\u0159i ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed hash\u016f jejich adres do BTB (Branch Target Buffer).\n<li class=\"l\"> Vyu\u017eit\u00ed vlivu p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch skok\u016f na p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch skok\u016f. Takov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed je zp\u016fsobeno dv\u011bma hardwarov\u00fdmi zranitelnostmi: CVE-2024-28956 \u2013 ITS (Indirect Target Selection) a CVE-2025-24495 \u2013 probl\u00e9m v CPU Intel s j\u00e1dry Lion Cove. Rychlost \u00faniku dat z pam\u011bti p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to metody \u010dinila 17 KB\/s. V demonstrovan\u00e9m exploitu pro ur\u010den\u00ed hashe hesla u\u017eivatele root, ulo\u017een\u00e9ho v pam\u011bti po vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu \u201epasswd -s\u201c, bylo str\u00e1veno 60 sekund.    <\/ul>\n<p>      <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Training Solo - nov\u00e9 varianty \u00fatoku Spectre-v2, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed CPU Intel\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/14076832d38911938e435cf800505ac7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>              <\/p>\n<p>\u00datok, kter\u00fd deformuje buffer s histori\u00ed p\u0159echod\u016f, se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u0161ech CPU Intel, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed mechanismus eIBRS, v\u010detn\u011b CPU Intel Coffee Lake a Lion Cove. Aby zablokovala zranitelnost, vydala spole\u010dnost Intel aktualizaci microcode s implementac\u00ed nov\u00e9 instrukce IBHF (Indirect Branch History Fence), kterou se doporu\u010duje uv\u00e1d\u011bt po k\u00f3du ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm buffer historie p\u0159echod\u016f. Pro star\u0161\u00ed CPU Intel se navrhuje pou\u017e\u00edt softwarovou metodu pro vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed historie p\u0159echod\u016f. Do j\u00e1dra Linux byla p\u0159ijata zm\u011bna, kter\u00e1 p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 softwarov\u00e9 a hardwarov\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/zhashchita-ot-ddos\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"8\">ochranu proti \u00fatok\u016fm<\/a>, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed cBPF. Spole\u010dnost AMD prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee na jej\u00edch CPU metoda \u00fatoku nefunguje. Spole\u010dnost ARM uvedla, \u017ee probl\u00e9m se t\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze star\u0161\u00edch procesor\u016f ARM, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k \u00fatok\u016fm Spectre-v2 a nepodporuj\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed FEAT_CSV2_3 a FEAT_CLRBHB.          <\/p>\n<p>Zranitelnost Indirect Target Selection (ITS, CVE-2024-28956) se t\u00fdk\u00e1 CPU Intel Core 9-11 generace (Cascade Lake, Cooper Lake, Whiskey Lake V, Coffee Lake R, Comet Lake, Ice Lake, Tiger Lake a Rocket Lake) a Intel Xeon 2-3 generace. Zranitelnost CVE-2025-24495 se projevuje v CPU zalo\u017een\u00fdch na mikroarchitektur\u00e1ch Lunar Lake a Arrow Lake. Probl\u00e9my byly odstran\u011bny v\u010derej\u0161\u00ed aktualizac\u00ed microcode. Do j\u00e1dra Linux byla p\u0159ijata zm\u011bna, kter\u00e1 blokuje probl\u00e9m p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch p\u0159echod\u016f na za\u010d\u00e1tek cache \u0159et\u011bzce.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63227\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Spectre-v2, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c Training Solo \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":124684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-124683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e 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