{"id":139749,"date":"2025-07-28T17:11:54","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T15:11:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-16"},"modified":"2025-07-28T17:11:54","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T15:11:54","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-16","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 6.16","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje p\u0159edstavil Linus Torvalds vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 6.16. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zm\u011bnami jsou: ovlada\u010d pro zrychlen\u00ed OpenVPN, mechanismus Kexec HandOver, v\u00fdchoz\u00ed povolen\u00ed p\u011bti\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fdch tabulek str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti pro x86, odstran\u011bn\u00ed protokolu DCCP, blokov\u00fd ovlada\u010d zloop, mo\u017enost odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed core dump\u016f p\u0159es UNIX socket, podpora atomick\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu v XFS, offload zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zvuku pro USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, optimalizace v Ext4, virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed ovlada\u010d TPM (Trusted Platform Module), pln\u00e1 implementace Device Memory TCP, podpora neinonovan\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f v io_uring, p\u0159\u00edprava na integraci DRM ovlada\u010de Asahi, mechanismus \u201eusermode queue\u201c v ovlada\u010di AMDGPU, podpora Intel TDE (Trusted Domain Extensions) a Intel APE (Advanced Performance Extensions).    <\/p>\n<p>Do nov\u00e9 verze bylo p\u0159ijato 15924 oprav od 2145 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost patche - 50 MB (zm\u011bny se dotkly 13793 soubor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1no 655451 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du, odstran\u011bno 316441 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f). V minul\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed bylo 15945 oprav od 2154 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost patche - 59 MB. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 45% v\u0161ech zm\u011bn v 6.16 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ovlada\u010d\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zhruba 16% zm\u011bn m\u00e1 vztah k aktualizaci k\u00f3du specifick\u00e9ho pro\u786c\u4ef6 architektury, 13% se t\u00fdk\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho stacku, 4% - souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a 3% vnit\u0159n\u00edch subsyst\u00e9m\u016f j\u00e1dra.       <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky v j\u00e1dru 6.16:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, vstup\/v\u00fdstup a souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d zloop pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00f3novan\u00fdch blokov\u00fdch loopback za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed v loop re\u017eimu. Ovlada\u010d emuluje pr\u00e1ci b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc n\u011bkolik soubor\u016f z existuj\u00edc\u00edho souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (po jednom souboru pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 z\u00f3ny). Tato funkce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, zpracovatel\u016f device mapper a aplikac\u00ed, aby se zjistilo, zda podporuj\u00ed z\u00f3novan\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed na z\u00f3ny skupin blok\u016f nebo sektor\u016f, do kter\u00fdch je povoleno pouze sekven\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat s aktualizac\u00ed cel\u00e9 skupiny blok\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> V souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu XFS byla implementov\u00e1na podpora atomick\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu velk\u00fdch blok\u016f dat - n\u011bkolik blok\u016f m\u016f\u017ee nyn\u00ed b\u00fdt zaps\u00e1no v atomick\u00e9m re\u017eimu (bu\u010f budou v\u0161echny bloky \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b zaps\u00e1ny, nebo nebude zaps\u00e1n \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd blok).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu Ext4 byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena v\u00fdkonnost mechanismu \u201efast commit\u201c. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora velk\u00fdch svazk\u016f pam\u011bti (large folios) pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 soubory, co\u017e v proveden\u00fdch testech zv\u00fd\u0161ilo v\u00fdkon p\u0159i intenzivn\u00edm sekven\u010dn\u00edm vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu o 37%. Byla zavedena podpora atomov\u00fdch operac\u00ed z\u00e1pisu, kter\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u011bkolik blok\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di pro souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ext2 byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena zastaralou podpora mechanismu DAX, kter\u00fd poskytuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k FS mimo str\u00e1nkovou cache. Odebr\u00e1n\u00ed DAX z ovlada\u010de ext2 je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no na konec roku. Jako d\u016fvod se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee ovlada\u010d ext2 je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za stabiln\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed implementaci, ve kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat specifick\u00e9 vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 se nedostaly do \u0161irok\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my OrangeFS, UFS, BFS a OMFS byly p\u0159evedeny na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho API pro montov\u00e1n\u00ed odd\u00edl\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do sysctl byla p\u0159id\u00e1na konfigurace vfs_cache_pressure_denom pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po\u010dtu z\u00e1znam\u016f v cache \u201edentry\u201c (vnit\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159edstav\u011bn\u00ed element\u016f adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f) v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch nedostatku pam\u011bti v syst\u00e9mu. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je nastaven\u00e1 hodnota, t\u00edm v\u00edce z\u00e1znam\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vy\u0159azeno z cache (m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1znam\u016f z\u016fstane v cache) p\u0159i nedostatku pam\u011bti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu soubor\u016f Bcachefs byla p\u0159id\u00e1na volba \"rebalance_on_ac_only\", kter\u00e1 zakazuje prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed rebalance a pozadov\u00e9ho komprese p\u0159i nap\u00e1jen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu z akumul\u00e1toru. Byly zrychleny operace odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed snapshot\u016f a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Sn\u00ed\u017eena spot\u0159eba pam\u011bti p\u0159i montov\u00e1n\u00ed v re\u017eimu pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed. P\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch operac\u00ed obnovy po selh\u00e1n\u00ed na pozad\u00ed, ani\u017e by byla zastavena pr\u00e1ce se syst\u00e9mem soubor\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podsystemu spr\u00e1vy energie bylo povoleno samo prov\u00e1d\u011bt zamrznut\u00ed souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a prom\u011bnn\u00fdch EFI pro re\u017eimy \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed a sp\u00e1nku (pokud jsou FS ji\u017e zamrzl\u00e9 zpracovatelem ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m prostoru, opakovan\u00e9 zamrznut\u00ed se neprov\u00e1d\u00ed).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost urychlen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce EROFS pomoc\u00ed vestav\u011bn\u00e9ho v procesorech Intel akceler\u00e1toru QAT (QuickAssist Technology), kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed prost\u0159edky pro urychlen\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch se kompres\u00ed a \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00edm.\n<li class=\"l\"> V NFS byl maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost d\u00e1vky dat pro operace \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pisu zv\u00fd\u0161en z 1 na 4 MB (v\u00fdchoz\u00ed hodnota je nastavena na 1 MB, proto\u017ee ne v\u0161ichni klienti podporuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed velikost).\n<li class=\"l\"> Nep\u0159 privilegedn\u00edm u\u017eivatel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed pr\u00e1va CAP_SYS_ADMIN v odd\u011blen\u00e9m prostoru jmen identifik\u00e1tor\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f (user namespace), ale nemaj\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 pr\u00e1va v ko\u0159enov\u00e9m prostoru jmen, byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt mechanismus fanotify pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn v souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed subsyst\u00e9m FUSE byla zavedena funk\u010dnost pro hromadn\u00e9 vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech mezipam\u011b\u0165ovan\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f o adres\u00e1\u0159\u00edch (dentries). Do subsyst\u00e9mu FUSE byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro velk\u00e9 str\u00e1nky pam\u011bti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve FS OverlayFS byla implementov\u00e1na podpora pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vrstev s daty v neprivilegovan\u00fdch domech jmen, pro kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kontrola integrity na z\u00e1klad\u011b modulu dm-verity. Tato mo\u017enost umo\u017e\u0148uje kombinaci d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch vrstev s metadaty s ned\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdmi vrstvami s daty, kter\u00e9 se zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v neprivilegovan\u00fdch domech jmen.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n mechanismus KHO (Kexec HandOver) pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra ze star\u00e9ho bez ztr\u00e1ty stavu syst\u00e9mu. P\u0159ed p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nov\u00e9 verzi j\u00e1dra m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt stav kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch subsyst\u00e9m\u016f j\u00e1dra pomoc\u00ed KHO serializov\u00e1n do oblasti pam\u011bti, kter\u00e1 nebude dot\u010dena dal\u0161\u00edmi operacemi. Nov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, kter\u00e9 p\u0159evezme \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, obnovuje serializovan\u00fd stav zp\u011bt. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b KHO se vyv\u00edj\u00ed subsyst\u00e9m Live Update Orchestrator (LUO), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje restartovat j\u00e1dro bez zastaven\u00ed provozu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n parametr sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra CONFIG_X86_NATIVE, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159i kompilaci pou\u017e\u00edt volbu \"-march=native\" pro optimalizaci s ohledem na schopnosti procesoru na aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed architektury sady p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f Intel APX (Advanced Performance Extension), kter\u00e1 poskytuje 16 dal\u0161\u00edch obecn\u00fdch registr\u016f (krom\u011b 16 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch), co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje v k\u00f3du pou\u017e\u00edt m\u00e9n\u011b operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pisu do pam\u011bti pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159eby energie.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n re\u017eim automatick\u00e9ho lad\u011bn\u00ed politiky rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti v NUMA syst\u00e9mech, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se v\u0161echny v\u00e1hy uzl\u016f p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159i obdr\u017een\u00ed nov\u00fdch informac\u00ed o propustnosti b\u011bhem zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nebo p\u0159i hork\u00e9m p\u0159ipojen\u00ed pam\u011bti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementace futex\u016f nyn\u00ed zahrnuje podporu lok\u00e1ln\u00ed hash tabulky proces\u016f (lok\u00e1ln\u00ed futex_hash_bucket), kter\u00e1 se na rozd\u00edl od d\u0159\u00edve podporovan\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00e9 hash tabulky pro v\u0161echny procesy st\u00e1v\u00e1 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed pro jednotliv\u00fd proces a je spole\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v\u0161emi vl\u00e1kny tohoto procesu. Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed hash tabulky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze pro futex operaci PROCESS_PRIVATE. Krom\u011b toho byla v nov\u00e9 verzi p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro mo\u017enosti FUTEX2_NUMA a FUTEX2_MPOL, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed ovlivnit um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed futex\u016f v pam\u011bti, aby se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eily proces\u016fm, kter\u00e9 je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro syst\u00e9my x86_64 byla zavedena trval\u00e1 podpora p\u011bti\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fdch tabulek str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (parametr CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00eddil zapnut\u00ed p\u011bti\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fdch tabulek, byl odstran\u011bn).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovlada\u010de intel_pstate, kter\u00fd spravuje parametry spot\u0159eby energie (P-state) na syst\u00e9mech s procesory Intel, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pr\u00e1ce pl\u00e1nova\u010de \u00faloh s ohledem na spot\u0159ebu energie (EAS - Energy Aware Scheduling) na hybridn\u00edch procesorech, kter\u00e9 kombinuj\u00ed vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 a energeticky efektivn\u00ed j\u00e1dra CPU, jako jsou Intel Lunar Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do sysfs byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny rozhran\u00ed: \"\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/cpuN\/cpu_capacity\" pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o schopnostech r\u016fzn\u00fdch CPU na hybridn\u00edch procesorech a \"\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/cpuidle\/intel_c1_demotion\" pro spr\u00e1vu mo\u017enosti ponechat CPU ve v\u00fdkon\u011bj\u0161\u00edm stavu, i kdy\u017e se j\u00e1dro sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e9st CPU do ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho stavu spot\u0159eby energie (nap\u0159. j\u00e1dro m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat p\u0159echod do stavu spot\u0159eby energie C6, ale firmware p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 intenzit\u011b probuzen\u00ed CPU m\u016f\u017ee ponechat CPU ve stavu C1).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu ARM64 byla povolena podpora re\u017eimu l\u00edn\u00e9ho vyv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u00faloh (PREEMPT_LAZY, lazy preemption), kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 re\u017eimu pln\u00e9ho vyv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed (\"full preemption\") pro realtime-\u00fakoly (RR\/FIFO\/DEADLINE), ale zpo\u017e\u010fuje vyv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00faloh (SCHED_NORMAL) do hranice tik\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu ARM64 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora vyu\u017eit\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed SME (Scalable Matrix Extension), aktivovan\u00e1 parametrem CONFIG_ARM64_SME.\n<li class=\"l\">  Pokra\u010duje p\u0159enos zm\u011bn z v\u011btve Rust-for-Linux, souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s pou\u017eit\u00edm jazyka Rust jako druh\u00e9ho jazyka pro v\u00fdvoj ovlada\u010d\u016f a modul\u016f j\u00e1dra (podpora Rust nen\u00ed ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed aktivn\u00ed a nevede k zahrnut\u00ed Rustu mezi povinn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti pro sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra). Pro moduly napsan\u00e9 v jazyce Rust je poskytnuta mo\u017enost vyu\u017eit\u00ed configfs. Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny abstrakce nezbytn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj grafick\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny mo\u017enosti modul\u016f alloc, time, str, list, workqueue a page. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora makra \u201eassert!\u201c v testech zalo\u017een\u00fdch na KUnit. P\u0159id\u00e1n soubor abstrakc\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vu frekvence CPU a pou\u017eit\u00ed API souvisej\u00edc\u00edho s ochranou spot\u0159eby energie. P\u0159id\u00e1na podpora datov\u00e9 struktury \u2018xarray\u2019.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu RISC-V byla p\u0159enesena implementace syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed getrandom(), optimalizovan\u00e9ho pomoc\u00ed mechanismu vDSO (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed dynamick\u00fd sd\u00edlen\u00fd objekt), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e9st zpracovatele syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed z j\u00e1dra do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru a vyhnout se tak p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kontextu. V proveden\u00fdch testech optimalizace urychlila z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel 17kr\u00e1t. Pro RISC-V byla tak\u00e9 implementov\u00e1na podpora vektorov\u00fdch roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Zicbop, Zabha a Svinval, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v procesorech SiFive.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu LoongArch byl limit na po\u010det CPU v syst\u00e9mu zv\u00fd\u0161en ze 256 na 2048. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pl\u00e1nova\u010de \u00faloh SCHED_MC (Multi-core).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Unix-socket\u016f pro p\u0159enos souborov\u00fdch deskriptor\u016f. Pro deaktivaci t\u00e9to mo\u017enosti mohou aplikace v setsockopt() pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edznak SO_PASSRIGHTS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost mapov\u00e1n\u00ed kruhov\u00e9ho bufferu, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinnosti j\u00e1dra, do pam\u011bti u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zpracovatel\u00e9 crash-dumpu, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zpr\u00e1v o probl\u00e9mech po havarijn\u00edm ukon\u010den\u00ed \u010dinnosti j\u00e1dra, nyn\u00ed mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat kl\u00ed\u010de LUKS, kter\u00e9 pou\u017eilo selh\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed j\u00e1dro, k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed crash-dump\u016f do \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch FS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu asynchronn\u00edho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu io_uring byla p\u0159id\u00e1na operace IORING_OP_PIPE pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed neinicializovan\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e1 je obdobn\u00e1 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9mu vol\u00e1n\u00ed pipe2, s v\u00fdjimkou podpory pevn\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch deskriptor\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku j\u00e1dra \u201ert_group_sched\u201c pro spr\u00e1vu zapnut\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010de vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed skupin realtimov\u00fdch \u00faloh (SCHED_RR). Mo\u017enost je podobn\u00e1 nastaven\u00ed RT_GROUP_SCHED v Kconfig.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e1 na sb\u011brnici CXL (Compute Express Link), kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k organizaci vysokorychlostn\u00ed komunikace CPU s pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, byla implementov\u00e1na podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability), co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje realizaci r\u016fzn\u00fdch sch\u00e9mat detekce a korekce chyb. CXL umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ipojovat nov\u00e9 oblasti pam\u011bti, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed extern\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, a pou\u017e\u00edvat je jako dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje fyzick\u00e9ho adresn\u00edho prostoru pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 pam\u011bti (DDR) nebo trval\u00e9 pam\u011bti (PMEM).\n<li class=\"l\"> Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed verze GCC pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra byla pro v\u0161echny architektury zv\u00fd\u0161ena na v\u011btev GCC 8. Pro sestaven\u00ed je nyn\u00ed tak\u00e9 vy\u017eadov\u00e1na alespo\u0148 verze bal\u00ed\u010dku binutils 2.30.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl odstran\u011bn syst\u00e9mov\u00fd call uselib(), kter\u00fd byl ji\u017e dlouho prohl\u00e1\u0161en za zastaral\u00fd, a m\u00edsto n\u011bj se pro sd\u00edlen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup program\u016f k sd\u00edlen\u00fdm knihovn\u00e1m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mmap().                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizace a bezpe\u010dnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed podpora pro pou\u017eit\u00ed mechanismu Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions) k ochran\u011b hostitelsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch pod hypervizorem KVM p\u0159ed z\u00e1sahy a anal\u00fdzou ze strany spr\u00e1vce hostitelsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a fyzick\u00fdmi \u00fatoky na hardware. Ochrana je zaji\u0161t\u011bna \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00edm pam\u011bti. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2021\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed ovlada\u010d TPM (Trusted Platform Module), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroj\u016fm interagovat s TPM za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi (Trusted Platform Module), emulovan\u00fdmi modulem SVSM (Secure VM Service Module).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla obnovena mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed pluginu GCC randstruct, kter\u00fd randomizuje rozlo\u017een\u00ed datov\u00fdch struktur b\u011bhem kompilace, aby se zt\u00ed\u017eilo vyu\u017eit\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed technologie IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed integrity p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch jader pomoc\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed kexec.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena pr\u00e1ce na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vlivu na v\u00fdkon pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed SELinux. Pro zrychlen\u00ed provozu byl p\u0159id\u00e1n cache s v\u00fdsledky kontrol p\u0159\u00edstupu k adres\u00e1\u0159\u016fm. Do pravidel genfscon byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed masek.\n<li class=\"l\"> V k\u00f3du pro interakci s EFI byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost vlo\u017een\u00ed sekce SBAT (UEFI Secure Boot Advanced Targeting) s metadaty o odvolan\u00fdch verz\u00edch zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edch komponent\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve na\u010d\u00edtan\u00fdch modulech byl proveden p\u0159evod sekce \u201e.static_call_sites\u201c do re\u017eimu pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed po dokon\u010den\u00ed inicializace.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro 64bitov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ARM byla v hypervizoru KVM implementov\u00e1na podpora vno\u0159en\u00e9 virtualizace (v\u00fdchoz\u00ed nastaven\u00ed je vypnuto).\n<li class=\"l\"> V hypervizoru KVM byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena stabiln\u00ed podpora architektury RISC-V.                                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159ijat ovlada\u010d ovpn, kter\u00fd v\u00fdrazn\u011b zrychluje v\u00fdkon OpenVPN d\u00edky p\u0159esunu operac\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f a spr\u00e1vy kan\u00e1lu na \u00farove\u0148 j\u00e1dra Linuxu. Ovlada\u010d umo\u017e\u0148uje zbavit se re\u017eijn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f spojen\u00fdch se zm\u011bnou kontextu, optimalizuje v\u00fdkon d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu k intern\u00edm API j\u00e1dra a vylu\u010duje pomal\u00fd p\u0159enos dat mezi j\u00e1drem a u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm prostorem (\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou prov\u00e1d\u011bny modulem bez odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed provozu do obsluhy v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanismu Device Memory TCP byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed dat z pam\u011bti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (TX path). D\u0159\u00edve byla pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed integrace Device Memory TCP do j\u00e1dra funkcionalita omezena pouze na p\u0159\u00edjem dat (RX path). Device Memory TCP umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch soket\u016f pro p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu pam\u011bti perifern\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po s\u00edti (m\u00f3d zero-copy) a tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed obsahu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch paket\u016f do pam\u011bti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na stran\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemce. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 data v paketech jsou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena od s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 karty do pam\u011bti perifern\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (DMABUF), nap\u0159\u00edklad do grafick\u00e9 pam\u011bti GPU, nebo p\u0159\u00edmo z pam\u011bti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 karty, mimo CPU, zat\u00edmco hlavi\u010dky paket\u016f se dostanou do obvykl\u00fdch vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edch pam\u011bt\u00ed j\u00e1dra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zavedena mo\u017enost odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu core dump\u016f p\u0159es soket AF_UNIX, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpracovatele core dump\u016f, kter\u00e9 nejsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ny na vol\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1drem privilegovan\u00fdch proces\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho protokolu DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol) byla odstran\u011bna, proto\u017ee se neujal a p\u011bt let z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v j\u00e1d\u0159e bez \u00fadr\u017eby. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed DCCP z j\u00e1dra odstran\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed struktury dat inet_connection_sock pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity pr\u00e1ce stohu TCP. Podpora modul\u016f netfilter pro filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f DCCP byla zachov\u00e1na.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed chyb p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed socket\u016f m\u016f\u017ee j\u00e1dro nyn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1vat pidfd pro ji\u017e ukon\u010den\u00e9 procesy (pidfd je spojen s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi procesy a na rozd\u00edl od pid se znovu nep\u0159i\u0159azuje).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pomoc\u00ed BPF je nyn\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et ovlada\u010de pro spr\u00e1vu front paket\u016f v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m stacku (qdiscs) pro ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed po\u0159ad\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch paket\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu AFS je nasazena GSSAPI (Generic Security Services API) pro spr\u00e1vu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed s <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"servery\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3430\">servery<\/a> YFS a OpenAFS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl proveden v\u00fdrazn\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek optimalizac\u00ed. Byla p\u0159epracov\u00e1na organizace z\u00e1mk\u016f pro tabulky sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed IPv6 (n\u011bkter\u00e9 operace s trasami nyn\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00ed a\u017e 3kr\u00e1t rychleji). Bylo zrychleno programov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed kontroln\u00edch sou\u010dt\u016f crc32c. Rychlost motoru GRO pro tunelovan\u00fd UDP provoz byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena o 10%. Byla vylep\u0161ena automatick\u00e1 konfigurace p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edho bufferu pro TCP a zv\u00fd\u0161eny v\u00fdchoz\u00ed limity (v testech se propustnost pro jednotliv\u00e9 toky p\u0159es 200 Gb\/s zv\u00fd\u0161ila o 60%).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do Netfilteru byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat masky v n\u00e1zvech s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v netdev a flowtable. Do infrastruktury nft trace byla integrov\u00e1na informace o sledov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed (conntrack). Bylo zrychleno extrahov\u00e1n\u00ed tabulek sledov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed (conntrack) p\u0159es procfs.      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Hardware<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora extern\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zvukov\u00fdch tok\u016f na stran\u011b zvukov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s rozhran\u00edm USB (USB audio offload). Tato zm\u011bna umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu energie p\u0159enosn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee pokra\u010duje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zvukov\u00e9ho toku, zat\u00edmco zbytek syst\u00e9mu je v re\u017eimu sp\u00e1nku. D\u0159\u00edve byly v j\u00e1drech pro platformu Android poskytov\u00e1ny specifick\u00e9 implementace offload zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zvuku pro USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, a nyn\u00ed je v hlavn\u00edm j\u00e1d\u0159e k dispozici univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed implementace, kterou mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat jak\u00e9koli projekty.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje integrace komponent\u016f ovlada\u010de Nova pro GPU NVIDIA, vybaven\u00e9 GSP firmwarem, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm od s\u00e9rie NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2000 postaven\u00e9 na mikroarchitektu\u0159e Turing. Ovlada\u010d je naps\u00e1n v jazyce Rust. Krom\u011b komponenty nova-core, kter\u00e1 implementuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 abstrakc\u00ed nad programov\u00fdmi rozhran\u00edmi firmware GSP, byla ve verzi 6.16 zahrnuta po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed implementace DRM ovlada\u010de nova-drm (Direct Rendering Manager) pro interakci s GPU z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zah\u00e1jen proces propagace do j\u00e1dra DRM ovlada\u010de Asahi pro GPU Apple AGX, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v \u010dipech Apple Silicon. Ovlada\u010d je naps\u00e1n v jazyce Rust. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi byly do j\u00e1dra zahrnuty pouze hlavi\u010dkov\u00e9 soubory s UAPI z ovlada\u010de Asahi, pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro Mesa, a hlavn\u00ed k\u00f3d ovlada\u010de Asahi bude integrov\u00e1n pozd\u011bji.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovlada\u010de Nouveau byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora GPU NVIDIA rodiny Hopper a Blackwell.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ce na drm ovlada\u010di (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe pro GPU na b\u00e1zi architektury Intel Xe, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v grafick\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch Intel rodiny Arc a integrovan\u00e9 grafice, po\u010d\u00ednaje procesory Tiger Lake. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00e9 soubory firmwaru pro r\u016fzn\u00e1 GPU rodiny Intel.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di AMDGPU byla implementov\u00e1na podpora mechanismu \u201eusermode queue\u201c, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed fronty \u00faloh v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru a odes\u00edlat je p\u0159\u00edmo do GPU bez vol\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010de v j\u00e1d\u0159e. Podpora \u201eusermode queue\u201c byla zapnuta pro GPU Navi 4X a GFX 12.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora zvukov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f Intel WCL (Whiskey Lake), AMD ACP 7.x (Audio Co-Processor), Cirrus Logic CS35L63 a CS48L32, Everest Semiconductor ES8375 a ES8389, Pioneer DJM-V10, Longsoon-1 AC\u201997, NVIDIA Tegra264, Richtek ALC203, RT9123 a Rockchip SAI, stejn\u011b jako nov\u00fdch platforem Intel AVS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora ARM platforem, SoC a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Samsung Exynos7870, Qualcomm Snapdragon X1P42100, Qualcomm MSM8926, RK3562, NXP i.MX94, Renesas RZ\/V2N, Amlogic S6\/S7\/S7D, WonderMedia wm8950, Amlogic s805y, Allwinner A523, Toradex Verdin AM62P, ROCK 5B+, Nitrogen8M Plus, Retronix R-Car V4H Sparrow Hawk, MT8186 Ponyta Chromebook, VIA APC Rock\/Paper, Renesas rz\/t2h, ASUS Transformer Pad LTE TF300TL, LG Nexus 4, Google Pixel 4a, Raspberry Pi 2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl odstran\u011bn ovlada\u010d pro video capture karty na \u010dipech STA2X11.                    <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 latinskoamerick\u00fd Fond svobodn\u00e9ho software vytvo\u0159il variantu zcela svobodn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra 6.16 \u2013 Linux-libre 6.16-gnu, vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho od prvk\u016f firmwaru a ovlada\u010d\u016f, obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch nesvobodn\u00e9 komponenty nebo \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00f3du, jejich\u017e oblasti pou\u017eit\u00ed jsou omezeny v\u00fdrobcem. V vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 6.16 byla neutralizov\u00e1na nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed blob\u016f v nov\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u00edch Intel qat 6xxx crypto, ST vd55g1 sensor, ath12k AHB wifi, Aeonsemi AS21xxx a MediaTek 25Gb Ethernet. Bylo provedeno \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1zv\u016f blob\u016f v dts-souboru (devicetree) pro ARM \u010dipy Qualcomm a MediaTek. Byl aktualizov\u00e1n k\u00f3d \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed blob\u016f v ovlada\u010d\u00edch Nova Core, Nouveau, Realtek r8169 Ethernet, Qualcomm Iris, Venus, Mediatek mt7996 wifi, Qualcomm ath11k a ath12k wifi, Texas Instruments tas2781 a Renesas R-Car gen4 PCIe.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63632\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.16. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-139749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.16.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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