{"id":143523,"date":"2025-09-16T17:11:57","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati"},"modified":"2025-09-16T17:11:57","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:11:59","slug":"phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Phoenix \u2014 \u00fatok na \u010dipy DDR5, kter\u00fd vede k po\u0161kozen\u00ed obsahu pam\u011bti","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z ETH Zurich ve spolupr\u00e1ci s in\u017een\u00fdry spole\u010dnosti Google vyvinuli novou techniku \u00fatoku t\u0159\u00eddy Rowhammer - Phoenix (CVE-2025-6202), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt mechanismy ochrany TRR (Target Row Refresh) pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v DDR5 \u010dipech, br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed zkreslen\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch bun\u011bk v d\u016fsledku ztr\u00e1ty n\u00e1boje. Byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna prototypov\u00e1 exploita\u010dn\u00ed technika, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje zm\u011bnit obsah ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bitu v opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti a z\u00edskat tak vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed privilegium v syst\u00e9mu. Demonstrace \u00fatoku byla prov\u00e1d\u011bna na PC s procesorem AMD zalo\u017een\u00fdm na mikroarchitektu\u0159e Zen 4 a DDR5 pam\u011bt\u00ed od SK Hynix, na n\u011bm\u017e byly prov\u00e1d\u011bny typick\u00e9 \u00fakoly pro desktop. <\/p>\n

\u00datok RowHammer umo\u017e\u0148uje naru\u0161it obsah jednotliv\u00fdch bit\u016f pam\u011bti DRAM cyklick\u00fdm \u010dten\u00edm dat ze sousedn\u00edch bun\u011bk pam\u011bti. Proto\u017ee pam\u011b\u0165 DRAM p\u0159edstavuje dvourozm\u011brn\u00e9 pole bun\u011bk, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z kondenz\u00e1toru a tranzistoru, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00ed t\u00e9to same oblasti pam\u011bti vede k fluktuac\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed a anom\u00e1li\u00edm, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed malou ztr\u00e1tu n\u00e1boje sousedn\u00edch bun\u011bk. Pokud je intenzita \u010dten\u00ed vysok\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee sousedn\u00ed bu\u0148ka ztratit dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1boje, a dal\u0161\u00ed regenera\u010dn\u00ed cyklus nemus\u00ed sta\u010dit k obnoven\u00ed jej\u00edho p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu, co\u017e povede ke zm\u011bn\u011b ulo\u017een\u00fdch dat v bu\u0148ce. <\/p>\n

Metoda \u00fatoku Rowhammer byla navr\u017eena v roce 2014, po jej\u00edm\u017e zaveden\u00ed za\u010dala hra na 'ko\u010dku a my\u0161' mezi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky a v\u00fdrobci hardwaru - v\u00fdrobci pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f se sna\u017eili zablokovat zranitelnost, zat\u00edmco v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nach\u00e1zeli nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak ji obej\u00edt. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, aby ochr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed Rowhammerem, v\u00fdrobci pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f p\u0159idali mechanismus TRR (Target Row Refresh), ale uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee blokuje zkreslen\u00ed bun\u011bk pouze v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech a nechr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u0161emi mo\u017en\u00fdmi variantami \u00fatoku. \u00dato\u010dn\u00e9 metody byly vyvinuty pro \u010dipy DDR3, DDR4 a DDR5 na syst\u00e9mech s procesory Intel, AMD a ARM, stejn\u011b jako pro grafickou pam\u011b\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvanou v grafick\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch NVIDIA. Nav\u00edc byly nalezeny zp\u016fsoby, jak obej\u00edt korekci chyb ECC, a byly navr\u017eeny varianty, jak prov\u00e9st \u00fatok p\u0159es s\u00ed\u0165 a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed JavaScriptov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di. <\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed ochrany proti zkreslen\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch bun\u011bk v DRAM je porozum\u011bn\u00ed logice fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mechanismu TRR, kter\u00fd se v\u011bt\u0161inou spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na zakryt\u00ed detail\u016f implementace a princip 'bezpe\u010dnost prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nejasnosti (security by obscurity)'. Aby ur\u010dili logiku fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a provedli reverzn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, vytvo\u0159ili v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci speci\u00e1ln\u00ed desky na b\u00e1zi FGPA Arty-A7 a ZCU104, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed testovat moduly DDR5 SO-DIMM a RDIMM, identifikovat vzory p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdm bu\u0148k\u00e1m, zjistit, jak\u00e9 n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 DDR p\u0159\u00edkazy jsou odes\u00edl\u00e1ny po programov\u00fdch operac\u00edch s pam\u011bt\u00ed, a analyzovat na n\u011b reakci.

\"Phoenix<\/center> <\/p>\n

Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee ochrana v analyzovan\u00fdch \u010dipech DDR5 je realizov\u00e1na bez dodate\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed frekvence obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti a spol\u00e9h\u00e1 se na sch\u00e9mata s variabiln\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed dob\u00edjen\u00ed bun\u011bk. Pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 proveden\u00ed Rowhammer \u00fatoku za t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek je vy\u017eadov\u00e1no p\u0159esn\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed tis\u00edc\u016f operac\u00ed obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed bun\u011bk. V t\u011bchto podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch se star\u0161\u00ed metody Rowhammer \u00fatoku uk\u00e1zaly jako neaplikovateln\u00e9 a v\u011bdci vyvinuli novou metodu, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u00ed sebekorekci p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch vzor\u016f v pr\u016fb\u011bhu odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed zme\u0161kan\u00fdch operac\u00ed obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti b\u011bhem \u00fatoku. <\/p>\n

Metoda se uk\u00e1zala jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 a b\u011bhem test\u016f umo\u017enila dos\u00e1hnout kontrolovan\u00e9ho zkreslen\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9ho bitu na v\u0161ech 15 testovan\u00fdch \u010dipech DDR5 od spole\u010dnosti SK Hynix (m\u00e1 36% pod\u00edl na trhu DRAM), vyroben\u00fdch od konce roku 2021 do konce roku 2024. Zkreslen\u00ed jednoho bitu se uk\u00e1zalo jako dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed exploitu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edskat root p\u0159\u00edstup v syst\u00e9mu p\u0159i \u00fatoku na syst\u00e9m s CPU AMD Ryzen 7 7700X a pam\u011bt\u00ed SK Hynix DDR5 b\u011bhem 109 sekund. Pro blokaci navr\u017een\u00e9 metody \u00fatoku se doporu\u010duje zv\u00fd\u0161it frekvenci obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti t\u0159ikr\u00e1t. <\/p>\n

Jako metody exploitace, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00edskat pr\u00e1va root prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zkreslen\u00ed jednoho bitu, byly zv\u00e1\u017eeny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed techniky: zm\u011bna obsahu z\u00e1znam\u016f v tabulce str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (PTE, page table entry) pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed privilegium j\u00e1dra; po\u0161kozen\u00ed v pam\u011bti ulo\u017een\u00e9ho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de RSA-2048 v OpenSSH (m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uveden ve\u0159ejn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d do shody s \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov\u00fdm virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji<\/a> k souladu se soukrom\u00fdm kl\u00ed\u010dem \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k VM ob\u011bti); obch\u00e1zen\u00ed kontroly opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed modifikac\u00ed pam\u011bti procesu sudo. Metoda s PTE se uk\u00e1zala jako funk\u010dn\u00ed pro v\u0161ech 15 testovan\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f, \u00fatok p\u0159es RSA se poda\u0159ilo prov\u00e9st pro 11 \u010dip\u016f a p\u0159es sudo \u2014 pro 5.

\"Phoenix<\/center> <\/p>\n

Ve v\u00fdsledu pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed tabulek str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti v vybran\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch DRAM byla pou\u017eita technika Rubicon, kter\u00e1 byla odhalena sou\u010dasn\u011b se zva\u017eovan\u00fdm \u00fatokem Phoenix. Rubicon manipuluje s funkcemi optimalizace v syst\u00e9mu p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti j\u00e1dra Linux a umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed pam\u011bti v oblastech s jinou hodnotou \u201emigratetype\u201c, rezervovan\u00fdch pro privilegovan\u00e9 operace. P\u0159\u00edtomnost probl\u00e9mu byla potvrzena v j\u00e1drech Linux od verze 5.4 do verze 6.8, ale teoreticky zranitelnost pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u0161echna j\u00e1dra s mechanismem p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti Zoned Buddy Allocator. <\/p>\n

Krom\u011b zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u00fatok\u016f t\u0159\u00eddy Rowhammer je technika Rubicon tak\u00e9 pou\u017eiteln\u00e1 pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti mikroarchitektonick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f, jako je Spectre, a zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed ur\u010den\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v pam\u011bti d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch dat, kter\u00e1 je t\u0159eba z\u00edskat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u00fanik\u016f b\u011bhem spekulativn\u00edho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed instrukc\u00ed. Rubicon umo\u017e\u0148uje vyhnout se dlouh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi skenov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti a ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f, jako je \/etc\/shadow. M\u00edsto toho je mo\u017en\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b za\u010d\u00edt vyu\u017e\u00edvat mikroarchitektonick\u00e9 zranitelnosti d\u00edky p\u0159edem definovan\u00e9mu um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed souboru na zn\u00e1m\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 adrese. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed metody Rubicon umo\u017enilo urychlit \u00fanik dat na syst\u00e9mu s CPU Intel i7-8700K z 2698 na 9.5 sekundy (o 284 n\u00e1sobk\u016f), a s CPU AMD EPYC 7252, z 189 na 27.9 sekundy (o 6.8 n\u00e1sobk\u016f).

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center> <\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm jin\u00e1 skupina v\u011bdc\u016f z Univerzity George Masona prok\u00e1zala aplikovatelnost \u00fatok\u016f t\u0159\u00eddy Rowhammer pro kompromitaci AI syst\u00e9m\u016f. V\u011bdci navrhli metodu OneFlip, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje c\u00edlen\u011b zm\u011bnit chov\u00e1n\u00ed AI model\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zkreslen\u00ed v pam\u011bti 1 bitu informace. Je k dispozici p\u0159\u00edklad k\u00f3du pro vlo\u017een\u00ed trojsk\u00e9ho uzlu do neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. Uk\u00e1z\u00e1no, jak lze pou\u017eit\u00edm zm\u011bny jednoho bitu zkreslit fungov\u00e1n\u00ed modelu autopilota pro zm\u011bnu interpretace dopravn\u00edho zna\u010den\u00ed \u201eStop\u201c na zna\u010den\u00ed \u201eOmezen\u00ed rychlosti\u201c. Tak\u00e9 bylo zva\u017eov\u00e1no pou\u017eit\u00ed metody pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f. Pro modely, kter\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00e1hov\u00e9 koeficienty ve form\u011b 32bitov\u00fdch cel\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, je \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost proveden\u00ed \u00fatoku odhadov\u00e1na na 99,9 % bez vlivu na p\u016fvodn\u00ed charakteristiky modelu.

\"Phoenix<\/center>
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Rowhammer — Phoenix (CVE-2025-6202), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445 DDR5 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b TRR (Target Row Refresh), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":143524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-143523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Phoenix \u2014 \u00fatok na DDR5 \u010dipy, kter\u00fd vede k naru\u0161en\u00ed obsahu pam\u011bti | ProHoster","description":"V\u011bdci z Cury\u0161sk\u00e9 technick\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly ve spolupr\u00e1ci s in\u017een\u00fdry spole\u010dnosti Google vyvinuli novou techniku \u00fatoku t\u0159\u00eddy Rowhammer - 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