{"id":151407,"date":"2025-12-12T23:11:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T21:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/najs-os-minimalistichnyj-distributiv-sobrannyj-s-nulya-i-optimizirovannyj-dlya-kontejnerov"},"modified":"2025-12-12T23:11:55","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T21:11:55","slug":"najs-os-minimalistichnyj-distributiv-sobrannyj-s-nulya-i-optimizirovannyj-dlya-kontejnerov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/najs-os-minimalistichnyj-distributiv-sobrannyj-s-nulya-i-optimizirovannyj-dlya-kontejnerov","title":{"rendered":"NICE.OS &#8212; minimalistick\u00e1 distribuce, sestaven\u00e1 od nuly a optimalizovan\u00e1 pro kontejnery.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Projekt NAJS.OS vyv\u00edj\u00ed nez\u00e1vislou distribuci Linux, sestavovanou \"od nuly\" ze zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du a podporuj\u00edc\u00ed vlastn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dkovou datab\u00e1zi, kter\u00e1 nep\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed skripty pro sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f z jin\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed. Projekt rozv\u00edj\u00ed sv\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, vlastn\u00ed sada z\u00e1plat a svou politiku sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed. K dispozici je ISO obraz (603 MB) ur\u010den\u00fd k instalaci na virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje (KVM, Proxmox, VMware, VirtualBox a dal\u0161\u00ed).        <\/p>\n<p>Distribuce je \u0161\u00ed\u0159ena zdarma pro soukrom\u00e9 i komer\u010dn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed bez omezen\u00ed po\u010dtu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Licen\u010dn\u00ed smlouva v\u0161ak zakazuje \"modifikovat, p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat, p\u0159ekl\u00e1dat, dekompilovat, disassemblovat nebo jinak se pokou\u0161et o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdslovn\u011b povoleny platn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony nebo podm\u00ednkami licenc\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fdch komponent\u016f\". Tak\u00e9 je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no \"p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et, prod\u00e1vat, pronaj\u00edmat, poskytovat k u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, publikovat nebo jinak \u0161\u00ed\u0159it software bez p\u00edsemn\u00e9ho souhlasu dr\u017eitele pr\u00e1v.\"    <\/p>\n<p>\tNAIS.OS je um\u00edst\u011bno jako serverov\u00fd syst\u00e9m s dlouhodobou podporou (LTS), optimalizovan\u00e9 pro  <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2246\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a>, cloudov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a edge uzl\u016f. J\u00e1dro, kompil\u00e1tory, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed knihovny, kryptografick\u00fd stack \u2014 v\u0161e je sestaveno podle jednotn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f na reprodukovatelnost a bezpe\u010dnost. Projekt je zaps\u00e1n v registru rusk\u00e9ho softwaru (registrace znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee splnit po\u017eadavky na \"dom\u00e1c\u00ed software\" ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm segmentu a u n\u011bkter\u00fdch firemn\u00edch klient\u016f).    <\/p>\n<p>Podporuj\u00ed se dva p\u0159\u00edstupy: atom\u00e1rn\u011b aktualizovan\u00fd (immutable na b\u00e1zi OSTree) a klasick\u00fd RPM (dnf\/dnf5). V atom\u00e1rn\u00ed variant\u011b je odd\u00edl \/usr p\u0159ipojen v re\u017eimu pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed, aktualizace se pou\u017eij\u00ed celkov\u011b na cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m, pro vr\u00e1cen\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch aktualizac\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed Btrfs sn\u00edmky, verze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu se pova\u017euj\u00ed za artefakty, kter\u00fdmi lze spravovat a distribuovat po uzlech prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm OSTree repozit\u00e1\u0159e. Klasick\u00e1 RPM varianta pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 spr\u00e1vu bal\u00edk\u016f p\u0159es dnf a dnf5, podporuje manu\u00e1ln\u00ed a automatick\u00e9 aktualizace a poskytuje konzolov\u00e9ho instal\u00e1tora \"niceos-installer\".        <\/p>\n<p>Distribuce nab\u00edz\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed a p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou z\u00e1kladnu pro kontejnery, bez grafick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, spou\u0161t\u00ed se pouze z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slu\u017eby (systemd, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 utility, SSH, firewall na nftables\/firewalld, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed monitorovac\u00ed utility, a ve\u0161ker\u00fd aplika\u010dn\u00ed software se doporu\u010duje instalovat do kontejner\u016f (Docker\/Podman\/Kubernetes) nebo jako samostatn\u00e9 slu\u017eby nad touto z\u00e1kladnou.     <\/p>\n<p>Na Docker Hubu jsou k dispozici ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed obrazy kontejner\u016f. Tyto obrazy jsou postaveny na stejn\u00e9 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed NiceOS Base, pracuj\u00ed pod neprivilegovan\u00fdm u\u017eivatelem, obsahuj\u00ed integrovan\u00e9 SBOM (CycloneDX\/SPDX) a zpr\u00e1vy o zranitelnostech (Trivy, Grype), a jsou dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny s integrovan\u00fdmi zpr\u00e1vami pro offline audit p\u0159\u00edmo uvnit\u0159 kontejneru.      <\/p>\n<p>Podpora dom\u00e1c\u00ed kryptografie existuje (sestaven\u00fd a otestovan\u00fd stack pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed po\u017eadavky na \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 a audity):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> GnuPG s \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 (\u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u0420 34.10-2012 a \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u0420 34.11-2012), v\u010detn\u011b podepisov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> OpenSSL s GOST \u2014 TLS a utilitami CLI s GOST kryptografi\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> libksba\/nettle \u2014 podpora GOST v CMS a X.509;\n<li class=\"l\"> OpenVPN s GOST \u2014 hotov\u00fd server s GOST \u0161iframi, existuje skript, kter\u00fd jej nasazuje. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"293\">VPN<\/a> (PKI, firewall, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, integrace s Prometheus) za n\u011bkolik minut;\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilit pro kontrolu integrity s \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422-heshi (gost12sum, profily v openssl dgst atd.).  <\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> SELinux je ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed povolen;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se standardn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 flagy p\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed (PIE, RELRO, SSP, FORTIFY_SOURCE atd.);\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly implementov\u00e1ny skripty pro kontrolu integrity (Secure Boot, IMA, AIDE s \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422-algoritmy);\n<li class=\"l\"> Ka\u017ed\u00fd RPM bal\u00ed\u010dek je podeps\u00e1n, existuje model Zero-Trust PKI: ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed se ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje tomu, co nepro\u0161lo kontrolou;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro bal\u00ed\u010dky a obrazy se generuj\u00ed SBOM a zpr\u00e1vy o zranitelnostech.   <\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti pro virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed a cloudov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f (AMD SEV-SNP, Intel TDX) byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena. Existuj\u00ed utilitky pro attestaci virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f v takov\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed obraz \u041d\u0410\u0419\u0421.\u041e\u0421 5.2 je dostupn\u00fd na Yandex Cloud Marketplace jako virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj, kter\u00fd ji\u017e zahrnuje Docker, glibc a Python 3.12; distribuce je ozna\u010dena jako za\u0159azen\u00e1 v registru rusk\u00fdch softwar\u016f;\n<li class=\"l\"> Na Cloud.ru Marketplace je distribuce pops\u00e1na jako \u201erusk\u00fd minimalistick\u00fd OS pro kontejnery. Obraz pro VM, Docker a Kubernetes\u201c;\n<li class=\"l\"> Samostatn\u00e1 edice NiceOS V je optimalizov\u00e1na pro hypervizory (Proxmox, VMware ESXi, KVM\/QEMU, AWS\/Yandex Cloud\/Google Cloud atd.), s minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi slu\u017ebami a d\u016frazem na automatizovan\u00e9 instalace p\u0159es Kickstart\/JSON.   <\/ul>\n<p>Mezi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi verzemi:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Linux 6.13.x,\n<li> GCC 14.3, Glibc 2.41,\n<li> OpenSSL 3.5.1 (s roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edmi pro GOST),\n<li> systemd 257, coreutils 9.6.  <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64417\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u041d\u0410\u0419\u0421.\u041e\u0421 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 &#171;\u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f&#187; 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