{"id":153472,"date":"2026-01-09T11:12:29","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T09:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4"},"modified":"2026-01-09T11:12:29","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T09:12:29","slug":"vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4","title":{"rendered":"Byl obnoven k\u00f3d UNIXv4, prvn\u00edho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu s j\u00e1drem napsan\u00fdm v jazyce C. Zranitelnost v UNIXv4","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Na konci lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku p\u0159i \u00faklidu v datov\u00e9m centru Univerzity Utahu byla nalezena archivn\u00ed magnetick\u00e1 p\u00e1ska s k\u00f3dem opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu UNIXv4, kter\u00fd byl vyvinut v roce 1973 pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010d PDP-11\/45 a pova\u017eoval se za ztracen\u00fd. UNIXv4 pokra\u010doval v rozvoji p\u0159edchoz\u00edho verze opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu UNIXv3, ve kter\u00e9 byl poprv\u00e9 pou\u017eit jazyk C a pojmenovan\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly. Hlavn\u00ed rys UNIXv4 spo\u010d\u00edval v p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra z assembleru do jazyka C. K\u00f3d j\u00e1dra UNIXv4 napsal Ken Thompson, zat\u00edmco ovlada\u010de vytvo\u0159il Dennis Ritchie. <\/p>\n

Na konci prosince 2025 se zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm muzea historie v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky poda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a extrahovat archiv ulo\u017een\u00fd na p\u00e1sce. Pro digitalizaci analogov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu nahran\u00e9ho na p\u00e1sku byl pou\u017eit n\u00e1stroj readtape a pro dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed form\u00e1tu archivu byly vyu\u017eity poznatky vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 b\u011bhem obnovy archivu s implementac\u00ed editoru Emacs od Jamese Goslinga. <\/p>\n

Krom\u011b k\u00f3du UNIXv4 byla na p\u00e1sce tak\u00e9 nalezena zdrojov\u00e1 texty jednoho z prvn\u00edch kompil\u00e1tor\u016f pro jazyk C a interpret\u00e1tor jazyka SNOBOL. Pozd\u011bji byl k\u00f3d UNIXv4 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn na GitHubu ve form\u00e1tu vhodn\u00e9m pro kompilaci a spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v simul\u00e1toru PDP-11. K\u00f3d UNIXv4 obsahuje 61 tis\u00edc \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f, z nich\u017e 27 tis\u00edc je naps\u00e1no v jazyce C, 33 tis\u00edc v assembleru pro PDP-11 a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b tis\u00edc jsou hlavi\u010dkov\u00e9 soubory.

\"Byl<\/center> <\/p>\n

Jeden z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f si v\u0161iml utilitky \u00absu\u00bb, kter\u00e1 byla dod\u00e1v\u00e1na s UNIXv4. Tato utilita obsahovala m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du, instalovala se s p\u0159\u00edznakem setuid-root a umo\u017e\u0148ovala spustit \/bin\/sh s pr\u00e1vy root po zad\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho hesla. K\u00f3d obsahoval zranitelnost vedouc\u00ed k p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu, proto\u017ee kop\u00edroval u\u017eivatelsky zad\u00e1van\u00e9 heslo do pevn\u00e9ho 100-znakov\u00e9ho pole bez kontroly velikosti zadan\u00fdch dat. <\/p>\n

Uveden\u00fd probl\u00e9m okomentoval 93let\u00fd Douglas McIlroy, kter\u00fd byl \u010dlenem p\u016fvodn\u00edho t\u00fdmu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f Unix v Bell Labs, navrhl koncept pojmenovan\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f a vytvo\u0159il utility jako echo, spell, diff, sort, join a tr. Podle Douglase si p\u0159ed vznikem Morrisova \u010derva v roce 1988 m\u00e1lokdo v\u0161\u00edmal p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed buffer\u016f. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed kontrol velikosti ru\u010dn\u011b zadan\u00fdch dat bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nadbyte\u010dn\u00fd k\u00f3d a havarov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bylo vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako ne\u0161ikovn\u00e1 forma reakce na neplatn\u00e1 vstupn\u00ed data. Postupem \u010dasu byla p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vznikla p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed automaticky generovan\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, opravov\u00e1na, ale pro ru\u010dn\u00ed vstup logika z\u016fst\u00e1vala na \u00farovni \u201ekomu by se mohlo hodit ru\u010dn\u011b zad\u00e1vat p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce\u201c.
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u042e\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b UNIXv4, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 1973 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u042d\u0412\u041c PDP-11\/45 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439. UNIXv4 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b UNIXv3, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0421\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":153473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Obnoven k\u00f3d UNIXv4, prvn\u00edho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu s j\u00e1drem napsan\u00fdm v jazyce C. 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