{"id":164053,"date":"2026-03-13T11:11:58","date_gmt":"2026-03-13T09:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/predlozhenie-po-perevodu-sistemnyh-logov-lastlog-btmp-utmp-i-wtmp-na-ispolzovanie-sqlite"},"modified":"2026-03-13T11:11:58","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T09:11:58","slug":"predlozhenie-po-perevodu-sistemnyh-logov-lastlog-btmp-utmp-i-wtmp-na-ispolzovanie-sqlite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/predlozhenie-po-perevodu-sistemnyh-logov-lastlog-btmp-utmp-i-wtmp-na-ispolzovanie-sqlite","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1vrh na p\u0159evod syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch log\u016f lastlog, btmp, utmp a wtmp na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed SQLite","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Na seznamu diskus\u00ed linux-api bylo p\u0159edlo\u017eeno n\u00e1vrh (RFC) na v\u00fdm\u011bnu zastaral\u00fdch bin\u00e1rn\u00edch form\u00e1t\u016f syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch protokol\u016f lastlog, btmp, utmp a wtmp za nov\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00e9 knihovny, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed SQLite jako backend. Iniciativa m\u00e1 za c\u00edl vy\u0159e\u0161it nahromad\u011bn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, mezi nimi\u017e je p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed 32bitov\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch \u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f v roce 2038, absence roz\u0161i\u0159itelnosti, n\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdkon dotaz\u016f a absence atomarity p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu.      <\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasnosti se pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat o relac\u00edch a pokusech o autentizaci v Linuxu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed bin\u00e1rn\u00ed soubory s pevn\u00fdm form\u00e1tem:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \/var\/log\/lastlog &#8212; \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 &#171;struct lastlog&#187; \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c &#171;ll_time&#187; 32-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 time_t);\n<li class=\"l\"> \/var\/log\/btmp &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430;\n<li class=\"l\"> \/var\/run\/utmp &#8212; \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044b;\n<li class=\"l\"> \/var\/log\/wtmp &#8212; \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432.  <\/ul>\n<p>Form\u00e1t dat soubor\u016f byl vyvinut p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika des\u00edtkami let a m\u00e1 \u0159adu z\u00e1kladn\u00edch omezen\u00ed:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pole &#171;tv_sec&#187; ve struktu\u0159e &#171;utmpx&#187; a pole &#171;ll_time&#187; v &#171;lastlog&#187; maj\u00ed typ &#171;int32_t&#187;, hodnota \u010dasov\u00fdch \u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ete\u010de 19. ledna 2038. Kv\u016fli po\u017eadavk\u016fm na kompatibilitu ABI z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed i na 64bitov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech tato pole 32bitov\u00e1, tak\u017ee se probl\u00e9m dotkne v\u0161ech instalac\u00ed Linuxu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pevn\u00e1 velikost z\u00e1znam\u016f neumo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159id\u00e1vat nov\u00e1 pole (nap\u0159\u00edklad identifik\u00e1tor kontejneru, jm\u00e9no slu\u017eby, IP adresa) bez \u00fapln\u00e9 zm\u011bny form\u00e1tu a p\u0159ekompilace v\u0161ech utilit.\n<li class=\"l\"> U\u017eit\u00ed utilit last, lastb, who a lastlog je nuceno line\u00e1rn\u011b proch\u00e1zet obsah soubor\u016f. P\u0159i velk\u00e9 velikosti protokol\u016f, bez pou\u017eit\u00ed index\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f, se z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na syst\u00e9m vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu a zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dotaz\u016f st\u00e1vaj\u00ed nep\u0159ijateln\u00fdmi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Z\u00e1pis do bin\u00e1rn\u00edho souboru nen\u00ed atom\u00e1rn\u00ed operac\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1pis \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b po\u0161kozen.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro vylou\u010den\u00ed konflikt\u016f p\u0159i soub\u011b\u017en\u00e9m z\u00e1pisu do protokolu n\u011bkolika procesy (nap\u0159\u00edklad sshd a login) se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed flock zamyk\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nezaru\u010duj\u00ed atomaritu a mohou v\u00e9st k vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu blokov\u00e1n\u00ed.    <\/ul>\n<p>Autor RFC navrhuje zcela opustit bin\u00e1rn\u00ed form\u00e1ty ve prosp\u011bch specializovan\u00fdch sd\u00edlen\u00fdch knihoven pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch SQLite. Pro ka\u017ed\u00fd typ \u017eurn\u00e1l\u016f se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed samostatn\u00e1 knihovna se jednotn\u00fdm C rozhran\u00edm: liblastlog2, libbtmp2, libutmp2 a libwtmp2. V\u0161echny knihovny pracuj\u00ed s datab\u00e1zemi, jejich\u017e sch\u00e9ma zahrnuje 64bitov\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 zna\u010dky (typ INTEGER) a indexy podle u\u017eivatele a \u010dasu. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1vat nov\u00e1 pole bez poru\u0161en\u00ed kompatibility (pomoc\u00ed ALTER TABLE).    <\/p>\n<p>Mezi argumenty pro pou\u017eit\u00ed SQLite se zmi\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed 64bitov\u00e9ho typu INTEGER pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed epoch\u00e1ln\u00edho \u010dasu, zapojen\u00ed index\u016f pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu d\u00edky selektivn\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edstupu k z\u00e1znam\u016fm m\u00edsto pln\u00e9ho skenov\u00e1n\u00ed, mo\u017enost p\u0159id\u00e1vat nov\u00e1 pole bez zm\u011bny st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1znam\u016f, podpora ACID transakc\u00ed, re\u017eim WAL (Write-Ahead Logging) pro konkuren\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup bez z\u00e1mk\u016f a ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 spolehlivost pr\u00e1ce SQLite.      <\/p>\n<p>Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plynul\u00e9ho p\u0159echodu se navrhuje strategie &#171;du\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1pis&#187; (dual-write):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Programy, kter\u00e9 zapisuj\u00ed do bin\u00e1rn\u00edch soubor\u016f (login, sshd, sudo, cron atd.), se modifikuj\u00ed tak, aby sou\u010dasn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bly z\u00e1pis jak do star\u00e9ho bin\u00e1rn\u00edho souboru, tak do nov\u00e9 SQLite datab\u00e1ze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 knihovny.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vyv\u00edjej\u00ed se nov\u00e9 verze utilit (last2, lastb2, who2, lastlog2), kter\u00e9 \u010dtou data ze SQLite datab\u00e1z\u00ed, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed indexy pro rychlou pr\u00e1ci. Star\u00e9 utility nad\u00e1le funguj\u00ed se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmi soubory.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za n\u011bkolik let, kdy se v\u011bt\u0161ina syst\u00e9m\u016f aktualizuje, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podpora z\u00e1pisu do star\u00fdch form\u00e1t\u016f vypnuta a star\u00e9 utility &#8212; prohl\u00e1\u0161eny za zastaral\u00e9.  <\/ul>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159edlo\u017eeny k dal\u0161\u00edmu projedn\u00e1n\u00ed:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Opodstatn\u011bnost rozd\u011blen\u00ed na samostatn\u00e9 knihovny nebo slou\u010den\u00ed do jedn\u00e9 (nap\u0159\u00edklad libsession2).\n<li class=\"l\"> V\u00fdb\u011br n\u00e1zv\u016f pro knihovny a utility (zachovat historick\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy nebo p\u0159ej\u00edt na obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed).\n<li class=\"l\"> Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed soubor\u016f datab\u00e1z\u00ed (\/var\/lib\/ jako pro stav aplikac\u00ed nebo \/var\/log\/ jako pro logy).\n<li class=\"l\"> Mechanismus verzov\u00e1n\u00ed sch\u00e9matu a migrace.\n<li class=\"l\"> Parametry v\u00fdkonnosti SQLite pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e (<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\" title=\"servery\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">servery<\/a>, vestav\u011bn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my).\n<li class=\"l\"> Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed fallback backendu, kter\u00fd uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 protokoly ve zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9m bin\u00e1rn\u00edm form\u00e1tu, pro syst\u00e9my, kde m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt SQLite nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9 (nap\u0159\u00edklad vestav\u011bn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi omezen\u00edmi pam\u011bti).  <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64981\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 linux-api \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (RFC) \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 lastlog, btmp, utmp \u0438 wtmp \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 SQLite \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430. \u0418\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 32-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 2038 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438. \u0412 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-164053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 linux-api \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (RFC) \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c 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\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (RFC) \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 lastlog, btmp, utmp \u0438 wtmp \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 SQLite \u0432.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/predlozhenie-po-perevodu-sistemnyh-logov-lastlog-btmp-utmp-i-wtmp-na-ispolzovanie-sqlite\" 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linux-api bylo p\u0159edlo\u017eeno n\u00e1vrh (RFC) na nahrazen\u00ed zastaral\u00fdch bin\u00e1rn\u00edch form\u00e1t\u016f syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch protokol\u016f lastlog, btmp, utmp a wtmp nov\u00fdmi sd\u00edlen\u00fdmi knihovnami vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi SQLite.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/predlozhenie-po-perevodu-sistemnyh-logov-lastlog-btmp-utmp-i-wtmp-na-ispolzovanie-sqlite","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 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