{"id":183032,"date":"2026-08-17T16:53:34","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T14:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-7-2"},"modified":"2026-08-17T16:53:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T14:53:38","slug":"linux-kernel-7-2-release","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/linux-kernel-7-2-release","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 7.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje Linus Torvalds p\u0159edstavil vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 7.2. Mezi nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zm\u011bnami je mechanizmus USB4STREAM, optimalizace v\u00fdkonu btrfs, xfs a ext4, pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du pro podporu CPU i486, mo\u017enost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vno\u0159en\u00fdch pl\u00e1nova\u010d\u016f SCHED_EXT, sn\u00ed\u017eena spot\u0159eba pam\u011bti v subsyst\u00e9mu swapu, zrychleny anonymn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Intel MBEC a AMD GMET v KVM a odstran\u011bn\u00ed protokolu AppleTalk, po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed podpora HDMI 2.1 FRL v ovlada\u010di AMDGPU.      <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky v j\u00e1d\u0159e 7.2 (1, 2, 3):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, vstup\/v\u00fdstup a souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V mechanizmu iomap byl odstran\u011bn zbyte\u010dn\u00fd vol\u00e1n\u00ed funkce memset pro ji\u017e dokon\u010den\u00e9 iterace ve funkci iomap_iter(), co\u017e p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 intenzit\u011b I\/O na rychl\u00fdch NVMe \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch zv\u00fd\u0161ilo v proveden\u00fdch testech po\u010det operac\u00ed I\/O za sekundu (IOPS) o 5 % p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f ext4 a xfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> V XFS byla stabiln\u00ed podpora z\u00f3novan\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena jako stabiln\u00ed (rozd\u011blen\u00ed na z\u00f3ny skupin blok\u016f nebo sektor\u016f, do kter\u00fdch je povoleno pouze sekven\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat s aktualizac\u00ed cel\u00e9 skupiny blok\u016f).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve Btrfs je ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed povolena podpora velk\u00fdch str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (large folios), co\u017e sni\u017euje re\u017eijn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdkon p\u0159i intenzivn\u00edm sekven\u010dn\u00edm vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed podpora obrovsk\u00fdch str\u00e1nek (\"huge folios\") o velikosti a\u017e 2 MB. Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd ioctl GET_CSUMS pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o kontroln\u00edch sou\u010dtech v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro n\u00e1stroj mkfs a optimalizaci deduplikace. V\u00fdkon sekven\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1pisu dat se zv\u00fd\u0161il o 15 % a v\u00fdkon p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu o 59 %.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve FS Ext4 byla v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159epracov\u00e1na implementace mechanismu \"fast commit\" za \u00fa\u010delem eliminace vzniku z\u00e1vodn\u00edch a vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch z\u00e1mk\u016f. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na exportn\u00ed statistika o sn\u00edmc\u00edch inode p\u0159es \/proc\/fs\/ext4\/*\/fc_info. Byly optimalizov\u00e1ny v\u00fdkony v\u00fdpo\u010dtu hash\u016f adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f (pro n\u00e1zvy o d\u00e9lce 255 znak\u016f se zrychlen\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161ilo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b, u 64 znak\u016f o 27 %, 32 znak\u016f \u2014 o 11 %).\n<li class=\"l\"> V F2FS byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora vracen\u00ed chyb fserror, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje sledovat probl\u00e9my se souborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru. Zkr\u00e1cena doba str\u00e1ven\u00e1 v kontextu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do Device Mapper (DM) byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd zpracovatel dm-inlinecrypt pro transparentn\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed hardwarov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s funkc\u00ed inline \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\">Byla navr\u017eena dokumentace pro p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f do j\u00e1dra.\n<li class=\"l\"> V NFS byl v\u00fdchoz\u00ed blokov\u00fd velikost zv\u00fd\u0161en na 4 MB na syst\u00e9mech se alespo\u0148 16 GB RAM (pro ru\u010dn\u00ed \u00fapravu velikosti bloku lze pou\u017e\u00edt \/proc\/fs\/nfsd\/max_block_size). Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora delegace kontroly adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f klientovi, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje po ur\u010ditou dobu prov\u00e1d\u011bt operace s dan\u00fdm adres\u00e1\u0159em bez kontroly zm\u011bny stavu na <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/dts-newyork\/\"   title=\"serveru\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">serveru<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do SMB serveru byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro soubory ulo\u017een\u00e9 ve zkomprimovan\u00e9 podob\u011b a tak\u00e9 pro kompresi dat p\u0159i jejich p\u0159enosu po s\u00edti.\n<li class=\"l\"> V nov\u00e9 implementaci NTFS (ntfsplus) byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro symbolick\u00e9 odkazy Windows a zaji\u0161t\u011bna spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha typ\u016f po\u0161kozen\u00ed metadat.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl odstran\u011bn backend fscache pro caching dat FS EROFS (Enhanced Read-Only File System), kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ed dv\u011bma lety prohl\u00e1\u0161en za zastaral\u00fd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve FS Ceph byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro manu\u00e1ln\u00ed reset klientsk\u00fdch sezen\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu 9P byly provedeny optimalizace, kter\u00e9 zrychlily provoz v takov\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, jak\u00fdmi jsou sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed projekt\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed file_getattr() byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny flagy pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed velikosti p\u00edsmen v souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. Flag FS_XFLAG_CASEFOLD znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kontrola n\u00e1zv\u016f soubor\u016f se prov\u00e1d\u00ed bez ohledu na velikost p\u00edsmen, a flag FS_XFLAG_CASENONPRESERVING zna\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f soubor\u016f nen\u00ed uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na informace o velikosti p\u00edsmen. Tyto flagy mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity v NFS klientech, kter\u00e9 neberou v \u00favahu velikost p\u00edsmen.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed openat2() byl p\u0159id\u00e1n flag O_EMPTYPATH, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 cest\u011b k souboru. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je cesta k otev\u00edran\u00e9mu souboru ur\u010dena na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edan\u00e9ho popisova\u010de souboru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed openat2() byl p\u0159id\u00e1n flag OPENAT2_REGULAR, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje otev\u0159en\u00ed pouze b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch soubor\u016f (p\u0159i pokusu o otev\u0159en\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edho souboru, nap\u0159\u00edklad socketu, kan\u00e1lu nebo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, bude vr\u00e1cena chyba EFTYPE).              <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl implementov\u00e1n mechanismus USB4STREAM pro streamov\u00e1n\u00ed dat mezi po\u010d\u00edta\u010di p\u0159ipojen\u00fdmi kabelem p\u0159es porty USB4. Bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \/dev\/tbstreamX, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00e9ho lze \u010d\u00edst a zapisovat data pomoc\u00ed standardn\u00edch funkc\u00ed read() a write(), podobn\u011b jako p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pisu do soubor\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na jednom hostiteli lze informace odeslat p\u0159\u00edkazem \"echo hello &gt; \/dev\/tbstream0\", zat\u00edmco na jin\u00e9m lze p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst p\u0159\u00edkazem \"cat \/dev\/tbstream0\". Mechanismus USB4STREAM m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kombinov\u00e1n s mo\u017enost\u00ed nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed kabelu USB4 (thunderbolt_net) nebo se m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvat samostatn\u011b podle pot\u0159eby pro p\u0159enos dat mezi aplikacemi, kter\u00e9 nepodporuj\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 sokety.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zahrnuta druh\u00e1 s\u00e9rie zm\u011bn pro ukon\u010den\u00ed podpory procesor\u016f i486. Bylo odstran\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e 13 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s emulac\u00ed jednotky pro v\u00fdpo\u010dty s plovouc\u00ed desetinnou \u010d\u00e1rkou pro procesory bez FPU. Byla odstran\u011bna podpora procesor\u016f i486 bez hardwarov\u00fdch operac\u00ed CX8 (porovnej a vym\u011b\u0148 8 bajt\u016f) a TSC (po\u010d\u00edtadlo cykl\u016f CPU, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v pl\u00e1nova\u010di \u00faloh), k\u00f3d pro jejich emulaci byl odstran\u011bn.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 (orphaned) podpora procesor\u016f AMD Geode, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di OLPC XO-1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro aktualizaci implementace mechanismu Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pro \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti hostovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. TDX je realizov\u00e1n ve form\u011b speci\u00e1ln\u00edho programov\u00e9ho runtime modulu, kter\u00fd je b\u011bhem spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en BIOSem z Flash pam\u011bti do opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti. Do j\u00e1dra byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny mo\u017enosti pro spr\u00e1vu tohoto modulu a jeho v\u00fdm\u011bnu za nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verzi v b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edm syst\u00e9mu bez nutnosti restartu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl implementov\u00e1n nov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d spr\u00e1vy GPU (Fair GPU scheduler), kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k ur\u010den\u00ed po\u0159ad\u00ed vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faloh na GPU zas\u00edlan\u00fdch procesy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi GPU. Nam\u00edsto tradi\u010dn\u00ed FIFO fronty po\u017eadavk\u016f na GPU tento nov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mechanismy spravedliv\u00e9ho rozd\u011blen\u00ed zdroj\u016f, navr\u017een\u00e9 s ohledem na pl\u00e1nova\u010d \u00faloh CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler), kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pl\u00e1novac\u00ed algoritmus s \u010dasem p\u0159echodu k vykon\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho procesu. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nova\u010de je patrn\u00fd p\u0159i paraleln\u00edm vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed interaktivn\u00edch \u00faloh, kter\u00e9 aktivn\u011b pracuj\u00ed s GPU. V posledn\u00edm okam\u017eiku p\u0159ed vyd\u00e1n\u00edm j\u00e1dra 7.2 bylo rozhodnuto o zru\u0161en\u00ed Fair GPU scheduler a byl vr\u00e1cen star\u00fd FIFO pl\u00e1nova\u010d kv\u016fli pot\u0159eb\u011b lad\u011bn\u00ed regres\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedlo k poklesu v\u00fdkonu a 100% z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei GPU p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch her v Proton.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zm\u011bny v subsyst\u00e9mu eBPF: Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost p\u0159ipojit jeden BPF program k v\u00edce stopovac\u00edm bod\u016fm (tracepoint). Do BPF program\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch k stopovac\u00edm bod\u016fm byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti komponent b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed obsluhou p\u0159\u00edstupu k nealokovan\u00fdm str\u00e1nk\u00e1m pam\u011bti (page fault). Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed bpf() byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora typov\u00fdch atribut\u016f (log_buf, log_size, log_level a log_true_size), co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje zjednodu\u0161it p\u0159enos metadat ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edkazech BPF, a to nejen v p\u0159\u00edkazech BPF_PROG_LOAD, BPF_BTF_LOAD a BPF_MAP_CREATE. Bylo odstran\u011bno omezen\u00ed na p\u0159enos v\u00edce ne\u017e 5 parametr\u016f v funkc\u00edch BPF. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k sd\u00edlen\u00e9 pam\u011bti bpf_arena bez obav z p\u0159\u00edstupu k nealokovan\u00fdm str\u00e1nk\u00e1m pam\u011bti (page fault). Byla implementov\u00e1na nov\u00e1 varianta struktury BPF hash map, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje dynamick\u00e9 zm\u011bny velikosti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla optimalizov\u00e1na generace v\u00fdstupu \"\/proc\/interrupts\" se statistikou p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako byly modernizov\u00e1ny struktury pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed a bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed do cache.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zrychlena generace souboru \"\/proc\/filesystems\", kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v libselinux.\n<li class=\"l\"> V pl\u00e1nova\u010di \u00faloh byla implementov\u00e1na podpora pro vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee mezi j\u00e1dry CPU, kter\u00e1 zohled\u0148uje stavy intern\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011bti procesoru. Pl\u00e1nova\u010d se nyn\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed seskupit procesy, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 zdroje, nap\u0159\u00edklad vl\u00e1kna jednoho procesu, pro jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v kontextu stejn\u00e9 \u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011bti, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje efektivitu p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm d\u00edky zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobnosti nalezen\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch dat v cache.\n<li class=\"l\"> V mechanismu SCHED_EXT, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edt BPF k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010d\u016f CPU, pokra\u010duje realizace mo\u017enosti pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vno\u0159en\u00fdch pl\u00e1nova\u010d\u016f (sub-scheduler), d\u00edky nim\u017e lze pro ka\u017edou cgroup nasadit vlastn\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010d \u00faloh.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje p\u0159enos zm\u011bn z v\u011btve Rust-for-Linux, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se pou\u017eit\u00ed jazyka Rust jako druh\u00e9ho jazyka pro v\u00fdvoj ovlada\u010d\u016f a modul\u016f j\u00e1dra (podpora Rust nen\u00ed ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed aktivov\u00e1na a nezp\u016fsobuje zahrnut\u00ed Rustu mezi povinn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti pro sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra). Mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed Rustu v j\u00e1d\u0159e je implementov\u00e1na pro architekturu s390. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je bal\u00ed\u010dek \u00abzerocopy\u00bb s rychl\u00fdmi primitivy pro pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed v re\u017eimu \u00abunsafe\u00bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed verze n\u00e1stroj\u016f LLVM pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena na 17.0.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> V minimalistick\u00e9 C knihovn\u011b nolibc, dod\u00e1van\u00e9 v sad\u011b zdrojov\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f j\u00e1dra Linux a poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u00e1lku nad z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi syst\u00e9mov\u00fdmi vol\u00e1n\u00edmi, byla implementov\u00e1na podpora architektur OpenRISC a 32-bit PA-RISC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu swap byly provedeny optimalizace, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed v\u00fdkon a sni\u017euj\u00ed spot\u0159ebu pam\u011bti v samotn\u00e9m subsyst\u00e9mu t\u00edm, \u017ee eliminuj\u00ed re\u017eijn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed statick\u00fdch metadat a sjednocuj\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s anonymn\u00ed a sd\u00edlenou pam\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed svazk\u016f. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159eby pam\u011bti je dost v\u00fdrazn\u00e9; nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00ed swapov\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu o velikosti 1 TB bylo pozorov\u00e1no sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159eby pam\u011bti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 512 MB.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena efektivita mechanismu vy\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti, kter\u00fd odstra\u0148uje nebo p\u0159esouv\u00e1 oblasti pam\u011bti do swapu, aby uvolnil pam\u011b\u0165 p\u0159i jej\u00edm nedostatku v syst\u00e9mu. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch typech z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed MongoDB pomoc\u00ed YCSB (Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark), byl pozorov\u00e1n n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u00fdkonu a\u017e o 30%.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu sestaven\u00ed byla p\u0159id\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edkaz \u00abmake sbom\u00bb pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed seznam\u016f SBOM (Software Bill Of Materials), kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed komponenty, knihovny a z\u00e1vislosti pou\u017eit\u00e9 v aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed sestav\u011b j\u00e1dra, jako\u017e i informace o jejich licenc\u00edch, z\u00edskan\u00e9 z hlavi\u010dek SPDX v k\u00f3dov\u00fdch souborech.\n<li class=\"l\"> V implementaci anonymn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f (pipe) byla optimalizov\u00e1na pr\u00e1ce s blokacemi (operace alokace pam\u011bti byly vy\u0148aty z oblasti blokace), co\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161ilo propustnost anonymn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f o 21\u201348 % a sn\u00ed\u017eilo latenci o 17\u201333 %.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Virtualizace a bezpe\u010dnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mechanismu pro p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti slab (slab allocator) byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost vyu\u017eit\u00ed token\u016f p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti (Allocation Token) implementovan\u00fdch v kompil\u00e1toru Clang 22. Tokeny umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed ozna\u010dit operace p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi identifik\u00e1tory a organizovat odd\u011blen\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f objekt\u016f, aby se zt\u00ed\u017eila exploatace zranitelnost\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch p\u0159ete\u010den\u00edm bufferu (p\u0159i odd\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu v jednom typu objekt\u016f nen\u00ed tak snadn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt ho k po\u0161kozen\u00ed jin\u00fdch typ\u016f objekt\u016f).\n<li class=\"l\"> Mechanismus AF_ALG, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v zranitelnosti Copy Fail pro modifikaci dat ve str\u00e1nkov\u00e9m cache, byl ozna\u010den za zastaral\u00fd a pl\u00e1nuje se jeho odstran\u011bn\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00e9 z budouc\u00edch verz\u00ed. AF_ALG umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017e\u00edvat hardwarov\u00e9 akceler\u00e1tory pro kryptografick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty v Crypto API j\u00e1dra, ale aplikace se vyskytuj\u00ed v pom\u011brn\u011b specifick\u00fdch situac\u00edch. V j\u00e1dru 7.2 byly odstran\u011bny podpory asynchronn\u00edho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu, star\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f a mechanismu zero-copy v implementaci skcipher a aead. Z\u016fstaly pouze softwarov\u00e9 implementace kryptografick\u00fdch algoritm\u016f a podpora hardwarov\u00fdch kryptoakceler\u00e1tor\u016f v crypto API j\u00e1dra byla odstran\u011bna, jeliko\u017e AF_ALG zna\u010dn\u011b zvy\u0161uje povrch \u00fatoku, ale nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody v v\u00fdkonu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s realizac\u00ed kryptografie v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru. AF_ALG byl vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v n\u00e1stroji Cryptsetup, ale jeho podpora byla odstran\u011bna v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 verzi 2.8.7.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanismu IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje extern\u00edmu servisu ov\u011b\u0159it stav subsyst\u00e9m\u016f j\u00e1dra, aby se ujistil o jejich autenticity, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora exportu intern\u00edch tabulek s v\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru s odstran\u011bn\u00edm z pam\u011bti j\u00e1dra na \u00fasporu pam\u011bti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do modulu Landlock, kter\u00fd poskytuje neprivilegovan\u00fdm program\u016fm prost\u0159edky pro omezen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed objekt\u016f j\u00e1dra Linux (hierarchie soubor\u016f, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 sokety, ioctl atd.), byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora spr\u00e1vy p\u0159\u00edstupu k UDP soket\u016fm, a tak\u00e9 mo\u017enost selektivn\u011b vypnout zapisov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o blokovan\u00fdch objektech do logu, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo zahlcen\u00ed logu nev\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi informacemi.\n<li class=\"l\"> J\u00e1dro bylo zbaveno pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed funkce strncpy(), kter\u00e1 kop\u00edruje ur\u010den\u00fd po\u010det bajt\u016f z p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce. Pou\u017eit\u00ed strncpy() p\u0159edstavovalo riziko vzniku chyb v d\u016fsledku vynech\u00e1n\u00ed nulov\u00e9ho znaku na konci \u0159et\u011bzce nebo dodate\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00e9ho nulov\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u00edsto strncpy() se doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat funkce strscpy() a strscpy_pad() pro kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch nulov\u00fdm znakem, stejn\u011b jako strtomem_pad(), memcpy_and_pad() a memcpy() pro kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pevn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u00e1ce na odstran\u011bn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed strncpy() v j\u00e1d\u0159e byla zah\u00e1jena v roce 2020 a vy\u017eadovala p\u0159ijet\u00ed 362 zm\u011bn od 70 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> V hypervisoru <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">KVM<\/a> byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Intel MBEC (Mode-Based Execution Control) a AMD GMET (Guest-Mode Execution Trap), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v tabulk\u00e1ch p\u0159eklad\u016f pam\u011bti odd\u011blen\u011b zpracov\u00e1vat pr\u00e1va na vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du pro j\u00e1dro a aplika\u010dn\u00ed prostor v hostitelsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech. D\u0159\u00edve umo\u017e\u0148ovala roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hardwarov\u00e9 virtualizace Intel a AMD ozna\u010dit str\u00e1nky pam\u011bti jako dostupn\u00e9 k vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pouze jedn\u00edm bitem s programov\u00fdm odd\u011blen\u00edm pr\u00e1v pro j\u00e1dro a aplika\u010dn\u00ed prostor na \u00farovni hypervisoru. Pou\u017eit\u00ed MBEC a GMET d\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enost eliminovat kontroly opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed na stran\u011b hypervisoru a v\u00fdznamn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit intenzitu n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z hostitelsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu k hypervisoru VMexit.                                     <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementace roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed TCP-AO (TCP Authentication Option, RFC 5925) byla p\u0159evedena na pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00e9 kryptografick\u00e9 knihovny libcrypto, co\u017e umo\u017enilo zjednodu\u0161it k\u00f3d a zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu pr\u00e1ce. TCP-AO umo\u017e\u0148uje ov\u011b\u0159it TCP hlavi\u010dky pomoc\u00ed MAC k\u00f3d\u016f (Message Authentication Code), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed algoritmy HMAC-SHA-1-96 a AES-128-CMAC-96 nam\u00edsto d\u0159\u00edve dostupn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti TCP-MD5 na b\u00e1zi zastaral\u00e9ho algoritmu MD5.\n<li class=\"l\"> Po\u010det subthread\u016f podporovan\u00fdch pro Multipath TCP (MPTCP) byl zv\u00fd\u0161en z 8 na 64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje se v pr\u00e1ci na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho zamyk\u00e1n\u00ed rtnl_lock v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m z\u00e1sobn\u00edku j\u00e1dra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Z j\u00e1dra byla odstran\u011bna implementace protokolov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edku AppleTalk, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edval v po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch Apple od roku 1985 a v 90. letech byl nahrazen TCP\/IP. Krom\u011b toho byly odstran\u011bny komponenty technologie p\u0159enosu dat ATM, kter\u00e9 nesouvisely s PPPoATM, stejn\u011b jako s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed ARCnet zalo\u017een\u00e9 na sb\u011brnic\u00edch ISA a PCMCIA, Bluetooth adapt\u00e9ry s rozhran\u00edm PCMCIA, TLS akceler\u00e1tory Chelsea, k\u00f3d pro integraci TLS se sockmap a podpora frekven\u010dn\u00edch rozsah\u016f 5\/10 MHz ve bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9m z\u00e1sobn\u00edku cfg80211\/mac80211. Vzhledem k p\u0159\u00edtomnosti ne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f se z\u00e1mky a absenc\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eby byla odstran\u011bna specifick\u00e1 implementace akcelerace zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed TLS na b\u00e1zi TCP Offload Engine (b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed implementace TLS offload byla zachov\u00e1na). Byla zak\u00e1z\u00e1na a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na k odstran\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3d kompatibility s 32bitov\u00fdmi x_tables na 64bitov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovlada\u010de pppoe byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora mechanism\u016f GRO (Generic Receive Offload) a GSO (Generic Segmentation Offload) pro hardwarov\u00e9 urychlen\u00ed op\u011btovn\u00e9ho sestaven\u00ed a segmentace paket\u016f. Pou\u017eit\u00ed GRO a GSO v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje pr\u016fchodnost pro p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed provoz, nap\u0159\u00edklad na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch MediaTek MT7621 byla maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fchodnost zv\u00fd\u0161ena z 130 Mbit\/s na 630 Mbit\/s.          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Hardware<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di AMDGPU byla zavedena po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed podpora technologie HDMI 2.1 FRL (Fixed Rate Link), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159enos nekomprimovan\u00e9ho videa v kvalit\u011b 4K\/120Hz a 8K\/60Hz. D\u0159\u00edve se dlouhou dobu neda\u0159ilo implementovat podporu HDMI 2.1 v otev\u0159en\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u00edch kv\u016fli licen\u010dn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm HDMI Forum, ale nyn\u00ed se spole\u010dnosti AMD poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout dohody o takov\u00e9 implementaci.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovlada\u010de i915 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora nastaven\u00ed pozad\u00ed barvy displeje ze strany displejov\u00e9ho \u0159adi\u010de. Byl realizov\u00e1n parametr pin_params.needs_low_address.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje se v pr\u00e1ci na drm-ovlada\u010di (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe pro GPU zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architektu\u0159e Intel Xe, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve grafick\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch Intel rodiny Arc a integrovan\u00e9 grafice, po\u010d\u00ednaje procesory Tiger Lake. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed podpora platformy CRI (Crescent Island). Pro platformy dGPU Xe3p byl implementov\u00e1n syst\u00e9mov\u00fd \u0159adi\u010d.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di Nouveau byly vy\u0159e\u0161eny probl\u00e9my s GPU NVIDIA GA100.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di v3d byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spot\u0159eby v3D GPU na desk\u00e1ch Raspberry Pi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje integrace komponent \u0159idi\u010de Nova pro GPU NVIDIA vybaven\u00e9 GSP firmwarem, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi od s\u00e9rie NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2000 postaven\u00e9 na mikroarchitektu\u0159e Turing. Ovlada\u010d je naps\u00e1n v jazyce Rust. P\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro GPU NVIDIA GA100 a s\u00e9rie Hopper a Blackwell.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro ARM platformy, SoC a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Apple t8122 (M3), Motorola Edge 30, Nothing Phone 3a, Google Pixel 3a XL, Qualcomm Dragonwing IPQ9650, Huawei Hawi, ZTE zx297520v3, Renesas R-Car M3Le, ASPEED AST27xx, Cortina Gemini, NXP i.MX6\/8\/9, NXP LX2160A, TI K3 AM62x.              <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 latinskoamerick\u00fd Fond svobodn\u00e9ho softwaru vytvo\u0159il variantu pln\u011b svobodn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra 7.2 \u2014 Linux-libre 7.2-gnu, vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho od prvk\u016f firmwaru a ovlada\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed nesvobodn\u00e9 komponenty nebo \u00faryvky k\u00f3du, jejich\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed je omezeno v\u00fdrobcem. V vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 7.2 byla provedena \u00fadr\u017eba nov\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f rt722-sdca a tac5xx2. Byla aktualizov\u00e1na \u010dist\u00edc\u00ed logika v ovlada\u010d\u00edch amdgpu, nova core, qcom iris, q6v5, iwlwifi, amdxnda, adreno, r8152 a mt792x. Byla provedena \u00faprava rozhran\u00ed pro na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed firmwaru. Provedeno \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1zv\u016f blob\u016f v dts-souborech (devicetree) pro procesory ARM.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=65937\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 7.2. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 USB4STREAM, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 btrfs, xfs \u0438 ext4, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 CPU i486, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 SCHED_EXT, \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432 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