{"id":29814,"date":"2019-10-31T21:32:09","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/razvyornutyj-otvet-na-kommentarij-a-takzhe-nemnogo-o-zhizni-provajderov-v-rf\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:32:09","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:09","slug":"razvyornutyj-otvet-na-kommentarij-a-takzhe-nemnogo-o-zhizni-provajderov-v-rf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/razvyornutyj-otvet-na-kommentarij-a-takzhe-nemnogo-o-zhizni-provajderov-v-rf","title":{"rendered":"Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f na koment\u00e1\u0159, a tak\u00e9 n\u011bco o \u017eivot\u011b poskytovatel\u016f v RF.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159im\u011blo m\u011b to k tomuto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/443898\/#comment_19891124\">tento koment\u00e1\u0159<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Uvedu ho zde:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/kaleman\/\" class=\"user_link\">kaleman<\/a><\/noindex> dnes v 18:53<\/p>\n<p>Dnes m\u011b pot\u011b\u0161il poskytovatel. Spole\u010dn\u011b s aktualizac\u00ed syst\u00e9mu blokov\u00e1n\u00ed web\u016f, spadl do z\u00e1kazu mail.ru. Od r\u00e1na vol\u00e1m technickou podporu, nemohou s t\u00edm nic ud\u011blat. Poskytovatel je mal\u00fd a blokuj\u00ed ho z\u0159ejm\u011b nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Takt\u00e9\u017e jsem si v\u0161iml zpomalen\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech web\u016f, mo\u017en\u00e1 nasadili n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u0161patn\u00e9 DLP? D\u0159\u00edve nebyly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s p\u0159\u00edstupem. Zni\u010den\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho internetu se d\u011bje p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ed m\u00fdma o\u010dima\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Je skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee se zd\u00e1, \u017ee jsme t\u00edmto poskytovatelem \ud83d\ude41<\/p>\n<p>A opravdu, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/kaleman\/\" class=\"user_link\">kaleman<\/a><\/noindex> skoro jsme uh\u00e1dli p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu probl\u00e9m\u016f s mail.ru (i kdy\u017e jsme dlouho necht\u011bli v\u011b\u0159it v takov\u00e9 n\u011bco).<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le bude rozd\u011bleno na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny na\u0161ich dne\u0161n\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f s mail.ru a vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed hon na jejich nalezen\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>existence ISP v dne\u0161n\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, stabilita suver\u00e9nn\u00edho rusk\u00e9ho internetu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Probl\u00e9my s dostupnost\u00ed mail.ru<\/h3>\n<p>\nOch, to je docela dlouh\u00e1 historie. <\/p>\n<p>Je skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee pro spln\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f st\u00e1tu (v\u00edce ve druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti) jsme zakoupili, nastavili a nainstalovali jist\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 jak pro filtraci zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, tak pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NAT\">NAT-p\u0159eklad\u016f<\/a><\/noindex> u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm \u010dasem jsme kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159estav\u011bli j\u00e1dro s\u00edt\u011b tak, aby ve\u0161ker\u00fd provoz u\u017eivatel\u016f proch\u00e1zel t\u00edmto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm p\u0159esn\u011b po\u017eadovan\u00fdm sm\u011brem.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dny jsme na n\u011bm zapnuli filtraci zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch str\u00e1nek (z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsme nechali fungovat i star\u00fd syst\u00e9m) \u2013 na prvn\u00ed pohled v\u0161e prob\u011bhlo dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le jsme postupn\u011b za\u010dali zap\u00ednat NAT pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 skupiny u\u017eivatel\u016f na tomto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu \u2013 tak\u00e9 to vypadalo, \u017ee v\u0161e \u0161lo celkem dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Ale dnes, kdy\u017e jsme na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zapnuli NAT pro dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu u\u017eivatel\u016f \u2013 od r\u00e1na jsme \u010delili zna\u010dn\u00e9mu po\u010dtu st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed na nedostupnost nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dnou dostupnost <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.ru\">mail.ru<\/a><\/noindex> a dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f Mail Ru Group.<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010dali jsme kontrolovat: n\u011bco n\u011bkde <i>ob\u010das<\/i>, <i>ob\u010dasn\u011b<\/i> pos\u00edl\u00e1 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_TCP_Reset\">TCP RST<\/a><\/noindex> jako odpov\u011b\u010f na dotazy v\u00fdhradn\u011b k s\u00edt\u00edm mail.ru. Nav\u00edc \u2013 pos\u00edl\u00e1 \u0161patn\u011b generovan\u00fd (bez ACK), zjevn\u011b um\u011bl\u00fd TCP RST. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b takto to vypadalo:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f na koment\u00e1\u0159, a tak\u00e9 n\u011bco o \u017eivot\u011b poskytovatel\u016f v RF.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2ce762c44e86b97125806a27d91da1f0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f na koment\u00e1\u0159, a tak\u00e9 n\u011bco o \u017eivot\u011b poskytovatel\u016f v RF.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/c7041cf0ae273666fe9bb36ff236710f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f na koment\u00e1\u0159, a tak\u00e9 n\u011bco o \u017eivot\u011b poskytovatel\u016f v RF.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/c594ee9e5f1c7127ac849c6b7afcd5d8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, prvn\u00ed my\u0161lenky sm\u011b\u0159ovaly na nov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: stra\u0161n\u00fd DPI, d\u016fv\u011bra v n\u011bj \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1, kdo v\u00ed, co m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e9st \u2013 v\u017edy\u0165 TCP RST je pom\u011brn\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost mezi prost\u0159edky blokace.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edpoklad <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/kaleman\/\" class=\"user_link\">kaleman<\/a><\/noindex> o tom, \u017ee filtruje n\u011bkdo \"vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed\", jsme tak\u00e9 navrhli \u2014 ale hned jsme to zavrhli.<\/p>\n<p>Za prv\u00e9, m\u00e1me dostate\u010dn\u011b rozumn\u00e9 uplinky, abychom t\u00edmto netrp\u011bli \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Za druh\u00e9, jsme p\u0159ipojeni k n\u011bkolika <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC\">IX<\/a><\/noindex> v Moskv\u011b, a provoz na mail.ru jde pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159es n\u011b \u2014 a ti nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 povinnosti, ani jinou motivaci filtrovat provoz.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st dne byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na tomu, co se obvykle naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0161amanstv\u00ed \u2014 spolu s dodavatelem za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, za co\u017e jim d\u011bkujeme, jsme to nevzdali \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>filtrace byla kompletn\u011b vypnuta<\/li>\n<li>NAT se odpojil podle nov\u00e9 sch\u00e9matu<\/li>\n<li>testovac\u00ed PC bylo vyvedeno do samostatn\u00e9ho izolovan\u00e9ho poolu<\/li>\n<li>m\u011bnila se IP adresace<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVe druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b dne byla vy\u010dlen\u011bna virtu\u00e1lka, kter\u00e1 vych\u00e1zela na s\u00ed\u0165 podle sch\u00e9matu b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele, a k n\u00ed a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dostali p\u0159\u00edstup z\u00e1stupci dodavatele. \u0160amanstv\u00ed pokra\u010dovalo \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Nakonec z\u00e1stupce dodavatele sebev\u011bdom\u011b prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee hardware je naprosto v po\u0159\u00e1dku: rst'y p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed odkudsi v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Pozn\u00e1mka<\/b><i>Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkdo tvrdit: ale bylo by mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed vz\u00edt dump ne z testovac\u00edho PC, ale z magistr\u00e1ly nad DPI?<\/p>\n<p>Ne, bohu\u017eel, po\u0159\u00eddit dump (a dokonce i pouze odmirrorovat) 40+gbps \u2014 v\u016fbec nen\u00ed trivi\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Po tom, u\u017e ve\u010der \u2014 nezb\u00fdvalo nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e se vr\u00e1tit k p\u0159edpokladu o podivn\u00e9m filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed kdesi naho\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edval jsem se, p\u0159es kter\u00fd IX nyn\u00ed proch\u00e1z\u00ed provoz do s\u00edt\u00ed MRG a jednodu\u0161e jsem ztlumil k n\u011bmu bgp relace. A \u2014 \u00f3 z\u00e1zrak! \u2014 v\u0161echno se okam\u017eit\u011b normalizovalo \ud83d\ude41<\/p>\n<p>Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b \u2014 je mi moc l\u00edto, \u017ee na hled\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9mu byl utracen cel\u00fd den, i kdy\u017e se vy\u0159e\u0161il za p\u011bt minut.<\/p>\n<p>Na druhou stranu:<\/p>\n<p> \u2014 v m\u00e9 pam\u011bti je to bezprecedentn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Jak jsem ji\u017e psal v\u00fd\u0161e \u2014 IX'\u016fm <i>opravdu<\/i> nema smysl filtrovat tranzitn\u00ed provoz. Obvykle maj\u00ed stovky gigabit\u016f \/ terabity za sekundu. Pro m\u011b to prost\u011b byla naprost\u00e1 spekulace a\u017e do posledn\u00ed chv\u00edle.<\/p>\n<p> \u2014 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b \u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 shoda okolnost\u00ed: nov\u00e9 slo\u017eit\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu nen\u00ed moc d\u016fv\u011bry a od kter\u00e9ho nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, co lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u2014 zac\u00edlen\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b na blokaci zdroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b TCP RST'y<\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b NOC tohoto internetov\u00e9ho exchange hled\u00e1 probl\u00e9m. Podle jejich tvrzen\u00ed (a v\u011b\u0159\u00edm jim) \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd speci\u00e1ln\u011b nasazen\u00fd filtra\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nemaj\u00ed. Ale, d\u00edky nebi, dal\u0161\u00ed quest \u2014 u\u017e nen\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 probl\u00e9m \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Byla to mal\u00e1 snaha se omluvit, pros\u00edme o pochopen\u00ed a odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>P.S.: \u00damysln\u011b nezmi\u0148uji v\u00fdrobce DPI\/NAT ani IX (na n\u011b vlastn\u011b nem\u00e1m \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed n\u00e1mitky, hlavn\u00ed je pochopit, co se stalo)<\/p>\n<h3>Dne\u0161n\u00ed (a tak\u00e9 v\u010derej\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159edev\u010d\u00edrem) realita z pohledu internetov\u00e9ho poskytovatele<\/h3>\n<p>\nPosledn\u00ed t\u00fddny jsem str\u00e1vil z\u00e1sadn\u00ed restrukturalizac\u00ed j\u00e1dra s\u00edt\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jsem mnohokr\u00e1t prov\u00e1d\u011bl manipulace \"za chodu\", s rizikem v\u00fdrazn\u011b zas\u00e1hnout do \u017eiv\u00e9ho u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho provozu. S ohledem na c\u00edle, v\u00fdsledky a d\u016fsledky tohoto v\u0161eho \u2014 je to mor\u00e1ln\u011b docela t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kdy\u017e znovu poslouch\u00e1m vzletn\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di o ochran\u011b stability rusk\u00e9ho internetu, suverenit\u011b atd.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti se pokus\u00edm p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit \u201eevoluci\u201c j\u00e1dra s\u00edt\u011b typick\u00e9ho internetov\u00e9ho poskytovatele za posledn\u00ed dek\u00e1du.<\/p>\n<p><b>P\u0159ed deseti lety.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>V t\u011bch po\u017eehnan\u00fdch \u010dasech mohlo b\u00fdt j\u00e1dro poskytovatelsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 jako z\u00e1tka:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f na koment\u00e1\u0159, a tak\u00e9 n\u011bco o \u017eivot\u011b poskytovatel\u016f v RF.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/06c455b9debf27799451d9f29a12a4a9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa tomto velmi zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9m obr\u00e1zku chyb\u00ed magistr\u00e1ly, kruhy, ip\/MPLS sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jeho podstatou bylo, \u017ee provoz u\u017eivatel\u016f nakonec p\u0159ich\u00e1zel do j\u00e1drov\u00e9 komutace \u2014 odkud putoval do <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broadband_remote_access_server\">BNG<\/a><\/noindex>, odkud obvykle \u2014 zp\u011bt do j\u00e1dra p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de, a d\u00e1le \u201ena v\u00fdstup\u201c \u2014 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jednoho nebo v\u00edce br\u00e1n hrani\u010dn\u00edho sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed do internetu.<\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00fdto zp\u016fsob je velmi snadno redundantn\u00ed jak na L3 (dynamick\u00e9 sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed), tak na L2 (MPLS).<\/p>\n<p>M\u016f\u017eete nasadit N+1 \u010dehokoliv: p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch server\u016f, switch\u016f, border\u016f \u2014 a t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem je rezervovat pro automatick\u00fd failover.<\/p>\n<p><b>P\u00e1r let pozd\u011bji<\/b> se v\u0161em v Rusku stalo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee takto d\u00e1l \u017e\u00edt nelze: je nutn\u00e9 urgentn\u011b chr\u00e1nit d\u011bti p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdm vlivem s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Objevila se nutnost urgentn\u011b hledat zp\u016fsoby, jak filtrovat u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd provoz.<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy.<\/p>\n<p>V m\u00e9n\u011b dobr\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se n\u011bco nasad\u00ed \"nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d\": mezi u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm provozem a internetem. Proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed provoz t\u00edmto \"n\u011b\u010d\u00edm\" je analyzov\u00e1n a nap\u0159\u00edklad sm\u011brem k u\u017eivateli je odesl\u00e1n fale\u0161n\u00fd paket s p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>V lep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u2013 pokud objemy provozu to dovoluj\u00ed \u2013 je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st mal\u00fd trik: pos\u00edlat na filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed provoz od u\u017eivatel\u016f na adresy, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba filtrovat (k tomu lze bu\u010f pou\u017e\u00edt uveden\u00e9 IP adresy z registru, nebo d\u00e1le resolvovat dom\u00e9ny uveden\u00e9 v registru).<\/p>\n<p>Kdysi jsem pro tyto \u00fa\u010dely napsal jednoduch\u00fd <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ircop\/nfq_filter\">mini dpi<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 i kdy\u017e se mi ani jazyk neobrac\u00ed to tak nazvat. Je to velmi jednoduch\u00e9 a nikterak v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 \u2013 av\u0161ak n\u00e1m, a des\u00edtk\u00e1m (pokud ne stovk\u00e1m) dal\u0161\u00edch poskytovatel\u016f, to umo\u017enilo nevydat hned miliony na pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 DPI syst\u00e9my, ale dalo n\u00e1m n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch let \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Mimochodem, o tehdej\u0161\u00edch a nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch DPI<\/b>Mus\u00edm \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v t\u00e9 dob\u011b zakoupili dostupn\u00e9 DPI syst\u00e9my \u2013 u\u017e je vyhodili. Prost\u011b nejsou uzp\u016fsobeny pro n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho: stovky tis\u00edc adres, des\u00edtky tis\u00edc URL.<\/p>\n<p>A z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v tomto trhu v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzchopili tuzem\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci. Nemluv\u00edm o hardwarov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce \u2013 tam je to jasn\u00e9, ale software \u2013 to nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co v DPI je \u2013 se mo\u017en\u00e1 dnes, pokud ne \u0159ad\u00ed mezi nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, tak ur\u010dit\u011b a) vyv\u00edj\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdm tempem, a b) co se ceny krabicov\u00e9 verze t\u00fd\u010de \u2013 je nesrovnateln\u00fd se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi konkurenty.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00e1d bych se pochlubil, ale je to trochu smutn\u00e9 =)<\/p>\n<p>Te\u010f to vypadalo takto:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f na koment\u00e1\u0159, a tak\u00e9 n\u011bco o \u017eivot\u011b poskytovatel\u016f v RF.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d4b36c9f02fbbe7d36e9dc81fb1fe9ed.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>O p\u00e1r let pozd\u011bji<\/b> u\u017e v\u0161ichni m\u011bli revizory; po\u010det zdroj\u016f v registru st\u00e1le rostl. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 star\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad cisco 7600) se st\u00e1valo sch\u00e9ma s \u2019filtrac\u00ed z boku\u2018 jednodu\u0161e neaplikovateln\u00fdm: po\u010det tras na 76 platform\u00e1ch je omezen na asi dev\u011bt set tis\u00edc, zat\u00edmco po\u010det pouze IPv4 tras se dnes bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 800 tis\u00edc\u016fm. A pokud je\u0161t\u011b ipv6\u2026 A co tam je\u0161t\u011b? 900000 jednotliv\u00fdch adres v banku rkn? =)<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161li na sch\u00e9ma s zrcadlen\u00edm ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00edho provozu na filtrovac\u00ed server, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed analyzovat cel\u00fd tok a p\u0159i zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho \u0161patn\u00e9ho poslat ob\u011bma sm\u011bry (odes\u00edlateli a p\u0159\u00edjemci) RST.<\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce provozu, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b je podobn\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma aplikovateln\u00e9. P\u0159i sebemen\u0161\u00edm zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 zrcadlen\u00fd provoz prost\u011b nepozorovan\u011b projede nikam, a poskytovatel dostane protokol o pokut\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>St\u00e1le v\u00edce poskytovatel\u016f je nuceno instalovat syst\u00e9my DPI r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b spolehlivosti na p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><b>P\u0159ed rokem \u010di dv\u011bma<\/b> se podle zpr\u00e1v t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 od v\u0161ech za\u010dalo vy\u017eadovat skute\u010dn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed od FSB. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/osobennosti-i-otlichiya-sorm\/\">SORM<\/a><\/noindex> (d\u0159\u00edve v\u011bt\u0161ina poskytovatel\u016f obch\u00e1zela souhlas s org\u00e1ny <i>pl\u00e1nu SORM<\/i> \u2014 pl\u00e1n operativn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby n\u011bco n\u011bkde naj\u00edt)<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b pen\u011bz (ne, \u017ee by to byly zcela astronomick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky, ale st\u00e1le \u2014 v milionech) SORM od mnoh\u00fdch vy\u017eadoval dal\u0161\u00ed manipulace se s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SORM pot\u0159ebuje vid\u011bt \u201e\u0161ed\u00e9\u201c adresy u\u017eivatel\u016f p\u0159ed NAT transformac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>SORM m\u00e1 omezen\u00fd po\u010det s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nProto jsme tak\u00e9 museli v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159estav\u011bt \u010d\u00e1st j\u00e1dra \u2014 jednodu\u0161e abychom mohli sb\u00edrat n\u011bkde na jednom m\u00edst\u011b provoz u\u017eivatel\u016f k p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdm server\u016fm. Abychom ho n\u011bkolika linkami zrcadlili do SORM.<\/p>\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, velmi zjednodu\u0161en\u011b, bylo (vlevo) vs. stalo se (vpravo):<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f na koment\u00e1\u0159, a tak\u00e9 n\u011bco o \u017eivot\u011b poskytovatel\u016f v RF.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/0c6af5715ba59eda722309292c6f6735.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Te\u010f<\/b> u v\u011bt\u0161iny poskytovatel\u016f vy\u017eaduj\u00ed tak\u00e9 implementaci SORM-3 \u2014 kter\u00e1 zahrnuje i logging NAT transformac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem jsme do v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu museli p\u0159idat i samostatn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed pro NAT (p\u0159esn\u011b to, o \u010dem byla \u0159e\u010d v prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti). A to v ur\u010dit\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed: proto\u017ee SORM mus\u00ed \u201evid\u011bt\u201c provoz p\u0159ed transformac\u00ed adres \u2014 provoz mus\u00ed j\u00edt striktn\u011b t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem: u\u017eivatel\u00e9 -&gt; p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d, j\u00e1dro -&gt; p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 servery -&gt; SORM -&gt; NAT -&gt; p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d, j\u00e1dro -&gt; internet. Pro to jsme museli doslova \u201eoto\u010dit\u201c tok provozu na druhou stranu za chodu, co\u017e tak\u00e9 nebylo zrovna jednoduch\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Celkov\u011b: za deset let se sch\u00e9ma j\u00e1dra pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho poskytovatele v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkomplikovalo a p\u0159idalo se tak\u00e9 mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst selh\u00e1n\u00ed (jak v podob\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tak i v podob\u011b jednotn\u00fdch p\u0159ep\u00ednac\u00edch linek). Samotn\u00e9 po\u017eadov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201evid\u011bt v\u0161e\u201c vlastn\u011b implikuje shrnut\u00ed tohoto \u201ev\u0161echna\u201c do jednoho bodu.<\/p>\n<p>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee to lze zcela transparentn\u011b extrapolovat na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed iniciativy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na suverenitu rusk\u00e9ho internetu, jeho ochranu, stabilizaci a zlep\u0161en\u00ed \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>A p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi je je\u0161t\u011b Jarovaja.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/444274\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c: kaleman \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432 18:53 \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a mail.ru \u0421 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b. \u0415\u0449\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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