{"id":29874,"date":"2019-10-31T21:32:25","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/primenenie-linux-i-spo-v-nashem-uchebnom-zavedenii-byt-ili-ne-byt\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:32:25","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:25","slug":"primenenie-linux-i-spo-v-nashem-uchebnom-zavedenii-byt-ili-ne-byt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/primenenie-linux-i-spo-v-nashem-uchebnom-zavedenii-byt-ili-ne-byt","title":{"rendered":"Pou\u017eit\u00ed Linuxu a OSS v na\u0161em vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: b\u00fdt nebo neb\u00fdt?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dobr\u00fd den, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed Habr\u00e1ci. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b m\u011b za\u010dala znepokojovat ot\u00e1zka, jak dlouho bude trvat monopol spole\u010dnosti Microsoft v sektoru trhu, kter\u00fd z\u00e1sobuje mnoh\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed instituce na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b (de facto jej obsadila korporace ji\u017e od 90. let<\/a><\/noindex>). <\/p>\n

P\u0159ivedu konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad: nav\u0161t\u011bvuji pom\u011brn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed IT krou\u017eek pro st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ky p\u0159i m\u00edstn\u00ed univerzit\u011b N (tato V\u0160 je v m\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b presti\u017en\u00ed), kde studujeme \u0159adu p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201eZ\u00e1klady informatiky a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky\u201c (ji\u017e absolvov\u00e1no).<\/li>\n
  2. \u201eZa\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u2026 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de\u201c: OS, \u201evnit\u0159nosti\u201c PC (dokon\u010deno).<\/li>\n
  3. \u201ePr\u00e1ce na P\u010c\u201c: z\u00e1klady Pr\u016fzkumn\u00edka Windows, CMD, MS Office (pr\u00e1v\u011b dokon\u010deno).<\/li>\n
  4. \u201eZ\u00e1klady programov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c: PascalABC.NET (d\u00edky Bohu, \u017ee alespo\u0148 ne Turbo Pascal).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nA nyn\u00ed kritika v\u011bt\u0161iny bod\u016f:<\/a><\/noindex>
    \n1. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jedin\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, kter\u00fd m\u011b v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b uspokojil. \u010c\u00edseln\u00e9 soustavy, dvojkov\u00e1 logika atd. Zde jsme se obe\u0161li bez pou\u017eit\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli OS a softwaru, tak\u017ee to s m\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem p\u0159\u00edmo nesouvis\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    2. A te\u010f to za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt zaj\u00edmav\u00e9. Za prv\u00e9, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e, co jsme prob\u00edrali \u2013 historie a mo\u017enosti MS-DOS a Windows (v\u0161ech verz\u00ed, ov\u0161em co se t\u00fd\u010de Windows XP, proto\u017ee prezentace byla provedena na za\u010d\u00e1tku nult\u00fdch let), okrajov\u011b zm\u00ednili existenci takov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, jako jsou GNU\/Linux, *nix a\u2026 to je v\u0161echno. Srozumiteln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh a mo\u017enosti *nix jsem v t\u00e9to prezentaci nezaznamenal. Za druh\u00e9, na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce jsme dlouho rozeb\u00edrali rozd\u00edly mezi Windows 3.11, 95 a 98; vzpomn\u011bli jsme na existenci IDE re\u017eimu; sezn\u00e1mili jsme se s FAT12\/16\/32 a NTFS (i kdy\u017e lektor nic, krom\u011b vysv\u011btlen\u00ed zkratky \u201eNTFS\u201c, vlastn\u011b ne\u0159ekl), ale nesly\u0161el jsem ani slovo o EXT2\/3\/4, BTRFS, UDF, dokonce ani o rozd\u011blen\u00ed disk\u016f \u2013 ticho! Stejn\u00e1 situace byla ohledn\u011b BSVV: vysv\u011btlili funkci Legacy-BIOS, ale zapomn\u011bli i na UEFI, nemluv\u011b o Coreboot a dal\u0161\u00edch realizac\u00edch BIOSu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1m u\u010ditel\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bli o \u201es\u00edle novodob\u00fdch\u201c Pentium 4 a DDR2, postupn\u00e9m zastar\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed disk\u016f a v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch Windows XP nad ME a 98 (op\u011bt prezentace z let 2003-2005).<\/p>\n

    3. Tady je to docela jasn\u00e9: v\u0161echno je zastaral\u00e9 a\/nebo propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed. Na specifikace samotn\u00fdch PC si nest\u011b\u017euji: 0,5\u20132 gigabajty RAM a Pentium 4\/D sta\u010d\u00ed pro klientsk\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, stejn\u011b jako na\u0161e Windows XP a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed server na soubory, kter\u00fd \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b odleh\u010duje z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei syst\u00e9mov\u00e9mu HDD. Ale na t\u011bchto PC jsem objevil jen p\u00e1r voln\u00fdch program\u016f ze sta: Notepad++ a velmi starou verzi OpenOffice. V\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed: Google Chrome, MS Office 2007\/2010 (neaktivovan\u00fd), Adobe PDF Reader, antivirov\u00e9 programy, propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed kompil\u00e1tory, Turbo Pascal\u2026 Mimochodem, na n\u011bkter\u00fdch (alespo\u0148 1 GB RAM) je nainstalov\u00e1na Kubuntu 14.04.x, od doby instalace nebyla aktualizov\u00e1na ani syst\u00e9m, ani repozit\u00e1\u0159e. A tak\u00e9 ji tam dali otev\u0159en\u011b jen pro formu: nikdy jsem nevid\u011bl ani jednoho studenta, kter\u00fd by pou\u017e\u00edval Linux. O to v\u00edc lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed instalovali distribuci, neuv\u00e1d\u011bli heslo pro root a zavad\u011b\u010d. <\/p>\n

    Proto je snadn\u00e9 naj\u00edt mo\u017enost Rescue Mode v GRUB2, automaticky z\u00edskat root pr\u00e1va, p\u0159emontovat ko\u0159en na read\/write a prov\u00e9st passwd. Sv\u011bte div se, co v\u00e1\u0161 slu\u017eebn\u00edk ud\u011blal dvakr\u00e1t. A cel\u00e1 (v\u0161echny) OS jsou v m\u00e9m pln\u00e9m dispozi\u010dn\u00edm pr\u00e1va. M\u00e1 pak v\u016fbec smysl chr\u00e1nit Windows heslem, instalovat antiviry, nastavovat proxy, kdy\u017e ve\u0161ker\u00e1 tato \"ochrana\" nestoj\u00ed za nic? Nav\u00edc, kdy\u017e jsem o t\u00e9to zranitelnosti \u0159ekl u\u010diteli, odpov\u011bd\u011bl mi, \u017ee ho tato problematika p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezaj\u00edm\u00e1. Ale jak to? N\u011bkdy zakazuj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat USB flash disky bez antivirov\u00e9ho skenov\u00e1n\u00ed, jindy ignoruj\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed na povrchu. Mimochodem, na t\u011bchto Kubuntu je prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd software. Nen\u00ed gcc, g++, fpc, nic krom\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

    Pokud jde o kancel\u00e1\u0159, m\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed LibreOffice a otev\u0159en\u00fdch standard\u016f dokument\u016f vedlo k tomu, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina .odt soubor\u016f se v produktu firmy Microsoft neotev\u00edrala spr\u00e1vn\u011b, a to sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed i obr\u00e1cen\u011b. A\u010dkoli je MS Office (IMHO) velmi pohodln\u00fd produkt, LibreOffice, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 jako bezplatn\u00fd projekt, tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9. V z\u00e1sad\u011b, pokud by nebylo propriet\u00e1rnosti a uzav\u0159enosti MS Office, smysl existence jeho alternativ by byl minimalizov\u00e1n (op\u011bt, podle m\u00e9 skromn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy). <\/p>\n

    I kdy\u017e souhlas\u00edm s A.V.Stolyarovem<\/a><\/noindex>, m\u00e1m pov\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00fd d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd software existuje pouze pro Windows a v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech tento syst\u00e9m rozhodn\u011b nebude v t\u011bchto oblastech nahrazen (nap\u0159\u00edklad od programov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch mikro\u0159adi\u010d\u016f po spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed softwaru pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stanic rozchodu a se\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed), ale ka\u017ed\u00fd rok takov\u00e9ho softwaru ub\u00fdv\u00e1. O to v\u00edce se jedn\u00e1 o pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 obory, a *nix jsou bezd\u016fvodn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za dobr\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pro studium z\u00e1klad\u016f programov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Mora t\u00e9to bajky Z\u00e1v\u011br: bohu\u017eel konstatuji, \u017ee na m\u00edstn\u00ed vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejen na t\u00e9to) se preferuj\u00ed propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed a uzav\u0159en\u00e9 produkty, i kdy\u017e je nutn\u00e9 je pou\u017e\u00edvat nez\u00e1konn\u011b. Jin\u00fd software je \u010dasto ignorov\u00e1n, proto\u017ee u\u010ditel\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed motivaci zlep\u0161ovat sv\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti ani znalosti student\u016f (\u201eU\u010ditel\u00e9 necht\u011bj\u00ed studovat\u201c). Vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed o tom slova, \u017ee obecn\u011b je svobodn\u00fd software p\u0159ipraven pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivateli, ale sami u\u017eivatel\u00e9 necht\u011bj\u00ed jej pou\u017e\u00edvat a\/nebo se sebeposouvat, pokud \u201eto takto sta\u010d\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

    P.S.:UNIX v SSSR<\/b> M\u016fj d\u011bde\u010dek mi vypr\u00e1v\u011bl, \u017ee v letech 1986-1988 jako vedouc\u00ed organizace UPRCENZAPCHAST spole\u010dn\u011b s dal\u0161\u00edmi kolegy rozhodl o p\u0159evodu person\u00e1lu na jejich z\u00e1kladn\u011b ve Stolbc\u00edch a v Ta\u0161kentu na mini EVM \u201eRobotron\u201c a tak\u00e9 na dal\u0161\u00ed EVM na\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdroby, s centr\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem-serverem. Podle jeho popis\u016f a Wikipedie byl na tomto serveru nainstalov\u00e1n Unix, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nich byl sov\u011btsk\u00fd v\u00fdklad. Tak\u017ee, aby tak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, potenci\u00e1l pro studium *nix z\u016fstal. <\/p>\n

    Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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