{"id":30030,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:18","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/koe-chto-pro-raspredelyonnye-data-tsentry-dlya-biznesa\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:18","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:18","slug":"koe-chto-pro-raspredelyonnye-data-tsentry-dlya-biznesa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/koe-chto-pro-raspredelyonnye-data-tsentry-dlya-biznesa","title":{"rendered":"N\u011bco o distribuovan\u00fdch datov\u00fdch centrech pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"N\u011bco<\/a><\/noindex>
\nInternet oslavil 30 let. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby se informa\u010dn\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u0159eby podnik\u016f rozrostly do takov\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f, \u017ee dnes u\u017e nemluv\u00edme pouze o firemn\u00edch serverovn\u00e1ch a ani o pot\u0159eb\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v datov\u00e9m centru, ale o pron\u00e1jmu cel\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b datov\u00fdch center s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou sadou slu\u017eeb. A to nejen o glob\u00e1ln\u00edch projektech s velk\u00fdmi daty (giganti maj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed datov\u00e1 centra), ale i o firm\u00e1ch st\u0159edn\u00ed velikosti s \u010dast\u00fdmi aktualizacemi datab\u00e1ze (nap\u0159. internetov\u00e9 obchody) a slu\u017eb\u00e1ch s vysokorychlostn\u00edm p\u0159enosem dat (nap\u0159. banky).
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d pot\u0159ebuje podnik syst\u00e9m distribuovan\u00fdch datov\u00fdch center <\/h2>\n

\nTakov\u00fd syst\u00e9m zahrnuje IT komplexy, kter\u00e9 jsou geograficky distribuov\u00e1ny podle principu: hlavn\u00ed datov\u00e9 centrum a region\u00e1ln\u00ed datov\u00e1 centra. Jsou od po\u010d\u00e1tku konstruov\u00e1ny s ohledem na mo\u017en\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed toky a obchodn\u00ed procesy modern\u00edch rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se spole\u010dnost\u00ed a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed nep\u0159eru\u0161enost t\u011bchto tok\u016f a proces\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u258dPro\u010d distribuovan\u00e9? <\/h3>\n

\nZa prv\u00e9, kv\u016fli riziku vlo\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ech vajec do jednoho ko\u0161\u00edku. Nyn\u00ed jsou \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed odoln\u00e1 proti v\u00fdpadk\u016fm, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017eou zajistit naprosto nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd chod firemn\u00edch aplikac\u00ed, slu\u017eeb a webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek za jak\u00fdchkoliv podm\u00ednek. I p\u0159i konci sv\u011bta. Takov\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed infrastruktury mus\u00ed nejen kvalitn\u011b uchov\u00e1vat data, ale tak\u00e9 co nejv\u00edce zkr\u00e1tit dobu ne\u010dinnosti IT slu\u017eeb firmy (\u010dili: podnik\u00e1n\u00ed) a to jak p\u0159i epidemii blokac\u00ed ze strany Roskomnadzoru, tak i p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof\u00e1ch, a p\u0159i skute\u010dn\u00fdch technogenn\u00edch katastrof\u00e1ch, a za jak\u00fdchkoli jin\u00fdch mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee se t\u011bmto \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed odoln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di katastrof\u00e1m (Disaster Recovery). <\/p>\n

Aby toho bylo dosa\u017eeno, plochy v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch komplex\u016f, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed pro firmu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt navz\u00e1jem vzd\u00e1leny na bezpe\u010dnou vzd\u00e1lenost podle ur\u010dit\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu (viz tabulka a ilustrace n\u00ed\u017ee). V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pl\u00e1n obnovy po hav\u00e1rii (disaster recovery plan, DR-Plan) a automatick\u00fd p\u0159enos slu\u017eeb z\u00e1kazn\u00edka na jinou plochu s\u00edt\u011b pomoc\u00ed odoln\u00fdch metod a softwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad (replikace dat, z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Za druh\u00e9, pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti. V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m re\u017eimu (ne v nouzov\u00e9m, ale s vrcholov\u00fdmi zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edmi) jsou distribuovan\u00e1 datov\u00e1 centra ur\u010dena k tomu, aby zv\u00fd\u0161ila v\u00fdkon spole\u010dnosti a minimalizovala ztr\u00e1ty informac\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i DDoS \u00fatoc\u00edch). Zde se aktivuj\u00ed syst\u00e9my vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee mezi v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edmi uzly: z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e se rozd\u011bluje rovnom\u011brn\u011b, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho z uzl\u016f p\u0159evezmou jeho funkce ostatn\u00ed uzly syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed, pro efektivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch pobo\u010dek. Pro spole\u010dnosti s mnoha odd\u011blen\u00edmi se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed centralizovan\u00e9ho ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed s teritori\u00e1ln\u011b distribuovanou replikac\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 pobo\u010dka m\u016f\u017ee pracovat se sv\u00fdm objemem dat, kter\u00fd je slou\u010den do jedn\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed datab\u00e1ze. Na opl\u00e1tku se zm\u011bny v centr\u00e1ln\u00ed datab\u00e1zi odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed tak\u00e9 v datab\u00e1z\u00edch odd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u258dStruktura distribuovan\u00fdch datov\u00fdch center<\/h3>\n

\nGeograficky rozlo\u017een\u00e1 datov\u00e1 centra se d\u011bl\u00ed do \u010dty\u0159 typ\u016f. Pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho u\u017eivatele v\u0161ak vypadaj\u00ed jako jednotn\u00fd syst\u00e9m: spr\u00e1va prob\u00edh\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jednoho rozhran\u00ed slu\u017eeb a podpory. <\/p>\n

\"N\u011bco<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"N\u011bco
\nGeograficky rozlo\u017een\u00e1 datov\u00e1 centra<\/i><\/p>\n

\u258dC\u00edle, pro kter\u00e9 podniky pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed distribuovan\u00e1 datov\u00e1 centra:<\/h3>\n

\nNep\u0159etr\u017eitost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat. Nep\u0159etr\u017eitost je nezbytn\u00e1 k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nevyhnuteln\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch technick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f bez zastaven\u00ed obchodn\u00edch proces\u016f, i kdy\u017e dojde k selh\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f a zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti syst\u00e9mu. Mimochodem, schopnost syst\u00e9mu vykon\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 funkce v pl\u00e1novan\u00e9m \u010dase, zohled\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou dobu bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho provozu a dobu na obnoven\u00ed funk\u010dnosti (Recovery Time Objective<\/a><\/noindex>) ur\u010duje \u00farove\u0148 spolehlivosti datov\u00e9ho centra. Existuj\u00ed celkem \u010dty\u0159i \u00farovn\u011b: TIER1, TIER2, TIER3, TIER4; \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnota, t\u00edm spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed centra a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed standard cel\u00e9 jeho infrastruktury. <\/p>\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu a kapacity. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby (p\u0159\u00edlivov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed) \u2013 mo\u017enost zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu a zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edch datov\u00fdch center d\u00edky efektu m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka: maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmu vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch zdroj\u016f cel\u00e9ho distribuovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. \u0160k\u00e1lovatelnost zaji\u0161\u0165uje flexibiln\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed schopnosti na vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edky dynamick\u00e9 konfiguraci.<\/p>\n

Odolnost v\u016f\u010di katastrof\u00e1m. Je zaji\u0161t\u011bna rezervac\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch zdroj\u016f na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. Funk\u010dnost syst\u00e9mu se dosahuje spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm nastaven\u00edm bodu obnovy RPO a doby obnovy RTO (\u00farove\u0148 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed a rychlost obnovy z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tarifu).<\/p>\n

Distribuovan\u00e9 slu\u017eby. IT zdroje a slu\u017eby spole\u010dnosti jsou odd\u011bleny od z\u00e1kladn\u00ed infrastruktury a poskytov\u00e1ny ve v\u00edcerozm\u011brn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed na vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a v pot\u0159ebn\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/p>\n

Geografick\u00e1 lokalizace slu\u017eeb. Pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00e9 skupiny zna\u010dky a vstup spole\u010dnosti na nov\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 trhy.<\/p>\n

Optimalizace n\u00e1klad\u016f. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed a \u00fadr\u017eba vlastn\u00edho datov\u00e9ho centra je velmi n\u00e1kladn\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> projekt. Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu spole\u010dnost\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pro velk\u00e9 teritori\u00e1ln\u011b distribuovan\u00e9 a ty, kter\u00e9 pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 m\u00edsta p\u0159\u00edtomnosti na trhu, m\u016f\u017ee outsourcing IT infrastruktury v\u00fdrazn\u011b u\u0161et\u0159it.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je pro firmy v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 m\u00edt datov\u00e9 centrum \u201epo ruce\u201c<\/h2>\n

\nPro mnoh\u00e9 modern\u00ed slu\u017eby a obchodn\u00ed aplikace je rychlost p\u0159\u00edstupu na m\u00edsto kritick\u00e1. Tato rychlost z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi m\u00edsty distribuovan\u00fdch datov\u00fdch center. Pokud je mal\u00e1, usnad\u0148uje to komunikaci a zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdkon t\u00edm, \u017ee se sni\u017euje latence sign\u00e1lu. To je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed. V optick\u00e9m vl\u00e1kn\u011b je zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011btla zhruba 5 ms\/km. Latence ovliv\u0148uje dobu proveden\u00ed vstupn\u011b-v\u00fdstupn\u00ed operace, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5\u201310 ms. <\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee slu\u017eby mus\u00ed fungovat neust\u00e1le, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mus\u00ed m\u00edt vysokou dostupnost a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdpadky, je pro firmy v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pronaj\u00edmat IT infrastrukturu geograficky bl\u00edzko k u\u017eivatel\u016fm c\u00edlov\u00fdch trh\u016f.<\/p>\n

Rychlost p\u0159\u00edstupu na platformu tak\u00e9 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na vybaven\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v na\u0161em nov\u00e9m datov\u00e9m centru v \u201eIT parku\u201c Kazan m\u016f\u017eete z\u00edskat pro sv\u016fj virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed server internetov\u00fd kan\u00e1l 100 Mbit\/s s maxim\u00e1ln\u011b komfortn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem. <\/p>\n

Firm\u00e1m s velk\u00fdm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm dosahem se dob\u0159e hod\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat zahrani\u010dn\u00ed platformy pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed dat, aby u\u0161et\u0159ily na n\u00e1kladech na provoz a sn\u00ed\u017eily dobu na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed str\u00e1nek pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed u\u017eivatele. Dlouh\u00e1 doba na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou n\u00edzk\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed ve vyhled\u00e1vac\u00edch v\u00fdsledc\u00edch Google<\/a><\/noindex> a, co\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou odchodu c\u00edlov\u00e9 skupiny z va\u0161ich webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek (vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra odchodu, co\u017e vede ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f).<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdhody z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edch datov\u00fdch center<\/h2>\n

\nVzhledem k \u010dasto nestabiln\u00ed situaci v Rusku v oblasti informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti (nap\u0159\u00edklad ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 masivn\u00ed blokov\u00e1n\u00ed IP adres ze strany Roskomnadzoru, kter\u00e9 ovlivnilo i weby, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou souvislost s Telegramem) je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 m\u00edt \u010d\u00e1st IT infrastruktury firmy mimo rusk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pron\u00e1jmem server\u016f v \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9m datov\u00e9m centru spad\u00e1te pod \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony o ochran\u011b dat, kter\u00e9 jsou velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9. A to konkr\u00e9tn\u011b: ani st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce samotn\u00e9ho \u0160v\u00fdcarska (s v\u00fdjimkou vl\u00e1dy ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech), ani org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm informac\u00edm na \u201e\u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch\u201c serverech. Bez v\u011bdom\u00ed klienta nemohou b\u00fdt \u00fadaje po\u017eadov\u00e1ny od datov\u00fdch center a poskytovatel\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nasazen\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edho datov\u00e9ho centra (nebo hostingu) na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 (zahrani\u010dn\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>) platform\u011b je strategicky opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby nab\u00edz\u00ed bezbolestnou migraci obchodn\u011b kritick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb pro jejich bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd chod. <\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco o datov\u00e9m centru v Kazani<\/h2>\n

\nKdy\u017e jsme u\u017e mluvili o datov\u00e9m centru v Kazani, dovol\u00edme si mal\u00fd reklamn\u00ed blok. \u201eIT park\u201c, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed datov\u00e9 centrum, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed technologick\u00fd park v oblasti vysok\u00fdch technologi\u00ed Tatarst\u00e1nu. Toto datov\u00e9 centrum m\u00e1 plochu jednoho km\u00b2, je na \u00farovni TIER3 s v\u00fdkonem 2,5 MW a mo\u017enost\u00ed um\u00edstit v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 rack\u016f. <\/p>\n

\"N\u011bco
\nFyzick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost je zaji\u0161t\u011bna dv\u011bma okruhy ozbrojen\u00e9 ochrany, kamerami kolem perimetru, pasovou propustkovou syst\u00e9mem na vstupu, biometrick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem kontroly p\u0159\u00edstupu (otisky prst\u016f) v serverovn\u011b a dokonce i dress code pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky (pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, speci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vleky s automatem na obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/p>\n

\"N\u011bco
\nV\u0161echny technick\u00e9 prostory a serverov\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti jsou vybaveny plynov\u00fdm automatick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochrany s detektory kou\u0159e, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje eliminovat zdroj po\u017e\u00e1ru bez po\u0161kozen\u00ed vysoce technologick\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed. Syst\u00e9my \u00faspory energie, chlazen\u00ed a ventilace jsou realizov\u00e1ny na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 prvky t\u011bchto syst\u00e9m\u016f se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v odd\u011blen\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\"N\u011bco
\nZavedli jsme do provozu vlastn\u00ed hermetickou z\u00f3nu v datacentru 'IT parku'. Datacentrum m\u00e1 SLA 99,982 %, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pln\u011b vyhovuje vysok\u00fdm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm na provozn\u00ed odolnost datacenter. M\u00e1 licence FSTEC a FSB, certifik\u00e1t PCI-DSS, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed vybaven\u00ed organizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji (bank a dal\u0161\u00edch). A, jak je obvykl\u00e9, ceny za virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed servery od poskytovatele hostingu RUVDS v tomto datacentru se neli\u0161\u00ed od cen v VPS<\/a><\/noindex> jin\u00fdch na\u0161ich datacentrech v Moskv\u011b, Petrohradu, Lond\u00fdn\u011b a Curychu.<\/p>\n

\"N\u011bco<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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