{"id":30031,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/linux-foundation-zajmetsya-open-source-chipami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:20","slug":"linux-foundation-zajmetsya-open-source-chipami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/linux-foundation-zajmetsya-open-source-chipami","title":{"rendered":"Linux Foundation se za\u010dne zab\u00fdvat open source \u010dipy","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux Foundation zah\u00e1jila novou iniciativu \u2014 CHIPS Alliance. V r\u00e1mci tohoto projektu organizace rozvine otev\u0159en\u00fd syst\u00e9m RISC-V a technologie pro v\u00fdrobu procesor\u016f na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat bl\u00ed\u017ee na to, co se v t\u00e9to oblasti d\u011bje.<\/p>\n

\"Linux<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Gareth Halfacree<\/a><\/noindex> CC BY-SA<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d vznikla CHIPS Alliance<\/h2>\n

\nZ\u00e1platy chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed proti Meltdown a Spectre v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech sni\u017euj\u00ed v\u00fdkon<\/a><\/noindex> server\u016f o 50 %. P\u0159itom se st\u00e1le objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 varianty zranitelnost\u00ed spojen\u00fdch se spekulativn\u00edm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. O jedn\u00e9 z nich se dozv\u011bd\u011blo za\u010d\u00e1tkem b\u0159ezna<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 odborn\u00edci na kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost ji nazvali Spoiler. Tato situace ovliv\u0148uje diskuze<\/a><\/noindex> pot\u0159ebu p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch hardwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k jejich v\u00fdvoji. Zejm\u00e9na Intel u\u017e p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> novou architekturu pro sv\u00e9 procesory, kter\u00e1 nebude n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 na Meltdown a Spectre.<\/p>\n

Linux Foundation tak\u00e9 nez\u016fstala pozadu. Organizace zah\u00e1jila vlastn\u00ed iniciativu \u2014 CHIPS Alliance \u2014 jej\u00ed\u017e \u010dlenov\u00e9 se budou zab\u00fdvat v\u00fdvojem procesor\u016f na b\u00e1zi RISC-V.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 projekty ji\u017e vyv\u00edjej\u00ed<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Mezi \u010dleny CHIPS Alliance jsou Google, Western Digital (WD) a SiFive. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich p\u0159edstavila sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 projekty. Poj\u010fme si o n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nich \u0159\u00edci v\u00edc.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/p>\n

RISCV-DV<\/h5>\n

\nVyhled\u00e1vac\u00ed IT gigant p\u0159edal opensource platformu pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed procesor\u016f na b\u00e1zi RISC-V. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u011b generuje<\/a><\/noindex> p\u0159\u00edkazy, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> ov\u011b\u0159\u00ed funk\u010dnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: testuj\u00ed procesy p\u0159echodu, z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vol\u00e1n\u00ed, CSR<\/a><\/noindex>-registry a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad, takto vypad\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd test aritmetick\u00fdch instrukc\u00ed:<\/p>\n

class riscv_arithmetic_basic_test extends riscv_instr_base_test;\n\n  `uvm_component_utils(riscv_arithmetic_basic_test)\n  `uvm_component_new\n\n  virtual function void randomize_cfg();\n    cfg.instr_cnt = 10000;\n    cfg.num_of_sub_program = 0;\n    cfg.no_fence = 1;\n    cfg.no_data_page = 1'b1;\n    cfg.no_branch_jump = 1'b1;\n    `DV_CHECK_RANDOMIZE_WITH_FATAL(cfg,\n                                   init_privileged_mode == MACHINE_MODE;\n                                   max_nested_loop == 0;)\n    `uvm_info(`gfn, $sformatf(\"riscv_instr_gen_config is randomized:n%0s\",\n                    cfg.sprint()), UVM_LOW)\n  endfunction\n\nendclass\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPodle slov<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, platforma se od analog\u016f li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje postupn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ech komponent \u010dipu, v\u010detn\u011b pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9ho bloku.<\/p>\n
Protokol OmniXtend<\/h5>\n
\nJe to s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd protokol od WD, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje koherenci cache p\u0159i p\u0159enosu dat po Ethernetu. OmniXtend<\/a><\/noindex> umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edmou komunikaci s procesorovou cache a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch akceler\u00e1tor\u016f: GPU nebo FPGA. Je tak\u00e9 vhodn\u00fd pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na v\u00edce \u010dipech RISC-V.<\/p>\n
Protokol je ji\u017e podporov\u00e1n \u010dipy SweRV<\/a><\/noindex>, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat v datov\u00fdch centrech. SweRV je 32bitov\u00fd dvoukan\u00e1lov\u00fd superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed procesor vyroben\u00fd 28nm technologi\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd kan\u00e1l m\u00e1 dev\u011bt \u00farovn\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje na\u010d\u00edtat a vykon\u00e1vat n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracuje na frekvenci 1,8 GHz.<\/p>\n
Gener\u00e1tor Rocket Chip<\/h5>\n
\n\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed od firmy SiFive, kterou zalo\u017eili v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i technologie RISC-V. Rocket Chip<\/a><\/noindex> je gener\u00e1tor procesorov\u00fdch jader RISC-V v jazyce Chisel. On p\u0159edstavuje<\/a><\/noindex> sada parametrizovan\u00fdch knihoven, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed SoC<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Co se t\u00fd\u010de Chisel<\/a><\/noindex>, co\u017e je jazyk popisu hardwaru zalo\u017een\u00fd na Scale. Generuje n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fd k\u00f3d v Verilogu, kter\u00fd je tak\u00e9 vhodn\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> je ur\u010den pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed na ASIC a FPGA. Takto umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed princip\u016f OOP p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji RTL<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Perspektivy aliance<\/h2>\n
\nOdborn\u00edci \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee iniciativa Linux Foundation u\u010din\u00ed trh procesor\u016f demokratick\u00fdm a otev\u0159en\u00fdm pro nov\u00e9 hr\u00e1\u010de. V IDC uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee rostouc\u00ed popularita takov\u00fdch projekt\u016f pozitivn\u011b ovlivn\u00ed rozvoj technologi\u00ed strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed a syst\u00e9m\u016f AI jako celku.<\/p>\n
\"Linux
\n\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Fritzchens Fritz<\/a><\/noindex> PD<\/i><\/p>\n
Rozvoj open source procesor\u016f tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1klady na n\u00e1vrh vlastn\u00edch \u010dip\u016f. To v\u0161ak nastane pouze v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, pokud se Linux Foundation poda\u0159\u00ed p\u0159il\u00e1kat dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n
Podobn\u00e9 projekty<\/h2>\n
\nNa v\u00fdvoji projekt\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s otev\u0159en\u00fdm hardwarem pracuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed organizace. P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt konsorcium CXL, kter\u00e9 v polovin\u011b b\u0159ezna p\u0159edstavilo standard Compute Express Link. Tato technologie je obdobou OmniXtend a tak\u00e9 propojuje CPU, GPU, FPGA. Pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat standard vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sb\u011brnici PCIe 5.0.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm projektem, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdvojem procesorov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, je MIPS Open, kter\u00fd vznikl v prosinci 2018. Iniciativu vytvo\u0159il startup Wave Computing. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed otev\u0159\u00edt<\/a><\/noindex> pro IT komunitu p\u0159\u00edstup k posledn\u00edm 32- a 64bitov\u00fdm instruk\u010dn\u00edm sad\u00e1m MIPS. Zah\u00e1jen\u00ed projektu 4. listopadu.<\/a><\/noindex> v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Celkov\u011b se p\u0159\u00edstup open source st\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm nejen pro software, ale i pro hardware. Podobn\u00e9 projekty podporuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Lze tedy o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti se na trhu objev\u00ed v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na otev\u0159en\u00fdch hardwarov\u00fdch standardech.<\/p>\n
\n\u010cerstv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky z na\u0161eho firemn\u00edho blogu:<\/p>\n