{"id":30164,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/oblaka-i-porohovaya-bochka-open-source\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:57","slug":"oblaka-i-porohovaya-bochka-open-source","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/oblaka-i-porohovaya-bochka-open-source","title":{"rendered":"Cloudy a sud s gunpowder Open Source","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloudy a sud s gunpowder Open Source\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/12afb79f8284de8b538d8a2bc0be918c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<i>\u201eEvropa dnes p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 prach\u00e1rnu a v\u016fdci jako by kou\u0159ili uvnit\u0159. Jiskra vyvol\u00e1 v\u00fdbuch, kter\u00fd n\u00e1s v\u0161echny poh\u0159b\u00ed. Nev\u00edm, kdy se to stane, ale v\u00edm, kde. V\u0161echno pokaz\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 hloup\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost na Balk\u00e1n\u011b.\u201c \u2013 Otto von Bismarck, 1878<\/i><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ed sto lety, 11. listopadu 1918, bylo podeps\u00e1no p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ukon\u010dilo prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku. Po\u010det ztracen\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f v t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce je nyn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159edstaviteln\u00fd. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Americe je vietnamsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka pova\u017eov\u00e1na za vojenskou katastrofu. B\u011bhem dvaceti let boj\u016f USA ztratily 58 318 voj\u00e1k\u016f. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, pouze v prvn\u00ed bitv\u011b na Marne v roce 1914 ztratil Spojeneck\u00fd blok \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u00edce. Za p\u011bt dn\u00ed.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nN\u011bkdo by mohl \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee hr\u016fzy v\u00e1lky nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00eddat. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee alespo\u0148 n\u011bkter\u00e9 ze z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran dob\u0159e ch\u00e1paly d\u016fsledky. Britsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed Edward Grey po projevu v parlamentu na podporu v\u00e1lky \u00fadajn\u011b \u0159ekl: \u201eSv\u011btla zhas\u00ednaj\u00ed po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Za na\u0161eho \u017eivota u\u017e se nezapnou.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Proto se v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech historici sna\u017eili odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zku: pokud byly d\u016fsledky zn\u00e1m\u00e9, jak mohlo doj\u00edt k <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/July_Crisis\">\u010dervencov\u00e9 krizi<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0\u2013 s\u00e9rii navz\u00e1jem souvisej\u00edc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, v jejich\u017e d\u016fsledku se v\u00e1lka stala jedin\u00fdm mo\u017en\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli je to mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9 na detaily, odpov\u011b\u010f je prost\u00e1. Vzhledem k atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a politick\u00fdm struktur\u00e1m t\u00e9 doby se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f nec\u00edtil, \u017ee by m\u011bl alternativu. Jednou z nejd\u011bsiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed p\u0159i studiu p\u0159\u00ed\u010din v\u00e1lky je, \u017ee pokud zva\u017eujete politick\u00e9 reality t\u00e9 doby, je ve skute\u010dnosti snadn\u00e9 pochopit ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed \u010din\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n<p>Nakonec se shodneme, \u017ee v\u00e1lka byla ve skute\u010dnosti nevyhnuteln\u00e1. Snadnost p\u0159ijet\u00ed t\u00e9to pravdy je skute\u010dn\u011b znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\nP\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety shrom\u00e1\u017edil jeden rizikov\u00fd fond malou skupinu z\u00e1stupc\u016f m\u00e9di\u00ed, dodavatel\u016f a analytik\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1s, aby projednali d\u016fle\u017eitost open source v obchodn\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch. Po prezentaci vlastn\u00ed modelu p\u0159edstavil partner rizikov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti skupinu vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f z partnersk\u00fdch komer\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed open source. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich podrobn\u011b popsal, jak open source nahradil propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed alternativy pro z\u00e1kazn\u00edky.<\/p>\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, souhlas\u00edme s t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159echod v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f na open source na podnikov\u00e9 \u00farovni m\u011bn\u00ed povahu z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed. Do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry je to z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 propagujeme ji\u017e \u0159adu let. Ji\u017e v roce 2011 jsme publikovali \u010dl\u00e1nek <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/redmonk.com\/sogrady\/2011\/12\/16\/end-of-procurement\/\">\u201eZav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zespoda: konec z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak ho zn\u00e1me\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>. Ale na navrhovan\u00e9m modelu bylo zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ne to, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e to, co nem\u016f\u017ee \u0159\u00edci o budoucnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Na akci nebyly p\u0159\u00edmo zm\u00edn\u011bny cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Bylo \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee investo\u0159i a komer\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i OSS sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed s propriet\u00e1rn\u00edm softwarem. Nebylo v\u011bnov\u00e1no \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornosti Amazonu a dal\u0161\u00edm poskytovatel\u016fm hyperskal\u00e1rn\u00edch cloud\u016f, nebyli ani zm\u00edn\u011bni. Ot\u00e1zku na toto t\u00e9ma slu\u0161n\u011b odm\u00edtli.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee jsme v RedMonk v t\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00edch t\u00fdm\u016f open source navrhovali, aby odpov\u011bd\u011bli na standardn\u00ed jednoduchou ot\u00e1zku: \u201eKdo je v\u00e1\u0161 konkurent?\u201c Pokud ozna\u010dili propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed alternativu, nazna\u010dovalo to, \u017ee spole\u010dnost hled\u00ed do minulosti. Pokud byla odpov\u011bd\u00ed cloud, mohlo se s jistotou p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee startup se d\u00edv\u00e1 do budoucnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Jak vid\u00edme, toto my\u0161len\u00ed se nyn\u00ed dostalo na trh. B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 12\u221218 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f do\u0161lo k podstatn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b. Zat\u00edmco spole\u010dnosti p\u0159edt\u00edm pova\u017eovaly poskytovatele cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, jako jsou Amazon, Google a Microsoft, za ned\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, nyn\u00ed je vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako smrtelnou hrozbu. Strach z cloudov\u00fdch poskytovatel\u016f se stal natolik ohromuj\u00edc\u00edm, \u017ee komer\u010dn\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 open source \u010dasto, navzdory rad\u00e1m poradc\u016f, p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed strategick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 naru\u0161uj\u00ed kulturn\u00ed normy open source, vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed masovou a trvalou negativn\u00ed publicitu a ohro\u017euj\u00ed vztahy s v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, partnery a klienty. Zejm\u00e9na \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed na modely, kter\u00e9 rozmaz\u00e1vaj\u00ed hranice mezi open source a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edm softwarem v pokusu z\u00edskat v\u00fdhody obou sv\u011bt\u016f, ale nakonec je vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee z\u00edskaj\u00ed nev\u00fdhody obou.<\/p>\n<p>Komer\u010dn\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 open source podnikli tyto kroky, byli-li p\u0159edem informov\u00e1ni o rizic\u00edch. To ukazuje na jejich hodnocen\u00ed vlastn\u00edch vyhl\u00eddek ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde st\u00e1le v\u00edce dominuj\u00ed masivn\u00ed cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, je\u017e roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed rozsah nab\u00edzen\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Nepochybn\u011b, takov\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed maj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9, nevyhnuteln\u00e9 negativn\u00ed d\u016fsledky, av\u0161ak komer\u010dn\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 open source \u2014 nebo, alespo\u0148, jejich investo\u0159i \u2014 pova\u017euj\u00ed ne\u010dinnost za je\u0161t\u011b ni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variantu.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 sledovat, zda toto p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eije po vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Amazon Web Services tento t\u00fdden. Zde je stru\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ehled ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedly k sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situaci:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>2010<\/b>: napsan\u00e1 Sheem Benonem t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ed deseti lety, Elasticsearch je vyhled\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem a povolenou licenc\u00ed. Uk\u00e1zal se jako dostate\u010dn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, aby kolem n\u011bj nakonec vznikla komer\u010dn\u00ed organizace. Elastic NV \u2014 p\u016fvodn\u011b Elasticsearch BV \u2014 pro\u0161la n\u011bkolika koly financov\u00e1n\u00ed v celkov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159es sto milion\u016f dolar\u016f, loni v \u0159\u00edjnu provedla IPO a nyn\u00ed je ocen\u011bna t\u011bsn\u011b pod 6 miliardami dolar\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><b>2015<\/b>: p\u011bt let po zalo\u017een\u00ed projektu \u2014 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b na \u017e\u00e1dost z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f \u2014 Amazon spustil cloudovou slu\u017ebu s n\u00e1zvem Amazon Elasticsearch Service na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9to povolen\u00e9 licence. Tato slu\u017eba p\u0159\u00edmo konkurovala komer\u010dn\u00edm nab\u00eddk\u00e1m Elastic NV, jak m\u00edstn\u00edm, tak cloudov\u00fdm.<\/li>\n<li><b>2018<\/b>: \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b v d\u016fsledku konkurence s t\u00edmto a dal\u0161\u00edmi cloudy, Elastic NV za\u010dala rozmaz\u00e1vat hranice mezi svou nab\u00eddkou open source a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edmi licen\u010dn\u00edmi dodatky k n\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b x-pack. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee Elastic se nevydala stejnou cestou jako n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kolegov\u00e9, ale pokusila se vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m pomoc\u00ed hybridn\u00edch licenc\u00ed, za\u010dala v\u0161ak m\u00edchat v jednom repozit\u00e1\u0159i otev\u0159en\u00fd a propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d a v\u00fdchoz\u00ed sestaven\u00ed zahrnovalo tento nevoln\u00fd software.<\/li>\n<li><b>2019<\/b>: Tento t\u00fdden Amazon podnikl n\u011bkolik protiakc\u00ed. Za prv\u00e9, se podporou spole\u010dnost\u00ed Expedia a Netflix p\u0159edstavil to, co pova\u017euje za \u201edistribuci\u201c Elasticsearch. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee ve v\u0161ech ohledech bude fungovat jako fork. Za druh\u00e9, projekt zahrnuje open source dopl\u0148ky, podobn\u00e9 funkc\u00edm, za kter\u00e9 Elastic NV \u00fa\u010dtuje, ani\u017e by je zp\u0159\u00edstupnil ve\u0159ejnosti. Za t\u0159et\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00ed slu\u017eby AWS zalo\u017een\u00e9 na Elasticsearch, spole\u010dnost pou\u017eila pro projekt n\u00e1zev Elasticsearch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVzhledem k tomu, \u017ee d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spory p\u0159erostly v otev\u0159en\u00fd konflikt, vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoho ot\u00e1zek. Jak k tomu do\u0161lo? Bylo to opravdu nevyhnuteln\u00e9? A z\u0159ejm\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: kdo je vinen?<\/p>\n<p>Na alespo\u0148 jednu z t\u011bchto ot\u00e1zek lze snadno odpov\u011bd\u011bt. Tento krok se o\u010dek\u00e1val ji\u017e n\u011bjakou dobu. Minim\u00e1ln\u011b od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, kdy se objevila licence <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/redmonk.com\/sogrady\/2018\/09\/10\/tragedy-of-the-commons-clause\/\">Commons Clause<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se zd\u00e1 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9, \u017ee by cloudov\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 za\u010dali na masov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku nasazovat a licencovat software s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem od komer\u010dn\u00edch dodavatel\u016f pod licenc\u00ed Commons Clause. Ve skute\u010dnosti m\u016f\u017ee Commons Clause v\u00e9st k opa\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm. Zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se cloudov\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 pokus\u00ed p\u0159et\u00e1hnout kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e a vytvo\u0159it ve\u0159ejn\u00fd nebo soukrom\u00fd fork projektu. To je levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varianta, kter\u00e1 nav\u00edc zaji\u0161\u0165uje pot\u0159ebnou kontrolu nad softwarov\u00fdmi aktivy.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nNeshoda mezi Amazonem a Elasticem je v\u00fdsledkem st\u0159etu model\u016f. K cti B\u00e4nona a Elasticu se software Elasticsearch uk\u00e1zal jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b d\u00edky benevolentn\u00ed licenci.<\/p>\n<p>Benevolentn\u00ed licence v\u0161ak umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat syst\u00e9m i cloudov\u00fdm poskytovatel\u016fm, jako je Amazon. Aby neztratili zisk a splnili po\u017eadavky sv\u00fdch klient\u016f, cloudov\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 jist\u011b budou nab\u00edzet nativn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro Elasticsearch a podobn\u00e9 projekty, kter\u00e9 jsou popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Licencov\u00e1n\u00ed je nerealistick\u00e9. A\u010dkoli n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed investo\u0159i to vid\u00ed jinak, p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed obchodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek k d\u0159\u00edve voln\u011b dostupn\u00e9mu softwaru nikdy nep\u0159im\u011bje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed poskytovatele cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, aby podepsali. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed v takov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, se nebude cht\u00edt vzd\u00e1t velk\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e jde o v\u00fdvoj produktu nebo cenotvorbu \u2013 t\u0159et\u00ed stran\u011b, kterou nekontroluje.\n<\/li>\n<li>Akvizice je dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak uspokojit popt\u00e1vku, ale \u0161patn\u011b se \u0161k\u00e1luje. I bohat\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb necht\u011bj\u00ed platit extra pen\u00edze za koupi ka\u017ed\u00e9 nov\u00e9 slu\u017eby ve sv\u00e9m portfoliu, zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e existuje levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed alternativa \u2013 a ta tu je.\n<\/li>\n<li>Ve spole\u010denstv\u00edch open source byl fork historicky pova\u017eov\u00e1n za toxickou mo\u017enost, ale z hlediska PR se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ijateln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, pokud obchodn\u00ed poskytovatel open source ohro\u017euje sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed status t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159ijme taktiku a metody, kter\u00e9 jsou v rozporu s normami spole\u010denstv\u00ed open source. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se i velk\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00ed strany mohou pokusit zaujmout vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed postaven\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 slou\u017e\u00ed sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKdy\u017e \u010del\u00ed t\u011bmto mo\u017enostem, fork se jev\u00ed jako logick\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby na vznik nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch licen\u010dn\u00edch podm\u00ednek. Proto bylo rozhodnut\u00ed Amazonu o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 a nevyhnuteln\u00e9. A proto je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ur\u010dit vin\u00edka v dan\u00e9 situaci. V z\u00e1sad\u011b ob\u011b strany jednaly logicky \u2013 tak, jak se dalo o\u010dek\u00e1vat, s ohledem na jejich perspektivy, mo\u017enosti a z\u00e1konn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n<p>Je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee Amazon bude prvn\u00edm, ale ne posledn\u00edm poskytovatelem cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00fd se takto chov\u00e1. Ostatn\u00ed se tak\u00e9 pokus\u00ed sladit popt\u00e1vku spot\u0159ebitel\u016f s nedostatkem pr\u00e1vn\u00edch omezen\u00ed na vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00fdch projekt\u016f, jako je 'otev\u0159en\u00fd distribuci pro Elasticsearch'. Nevyhnuteln\u011b dosp\u011bj\u00ed k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee to je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9. Z\u0159ejm\u011b i ze strany obchodn\u00edch poskytovatel\u016f open source bude rovn\u011b\u017e nezbytn\u00e9 dosp\u011bt k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee cloud p\u0159edstavuje tak velkou hrozbu, \u017ee by m\u011bly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it hranice open source.<\/p>\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti je jedinou skute\u010dnou ot\u00e1zkou, zda v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i open source najdou cestu, jak vyv\u00e9st Elastic z aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed situace, kdy nyn\u00ed konkuruje Amazonu nejen produkty, ale i otev\u0159en\u00fdmi zdroji. Pochop\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdhoda n\u011bkter\u00fdch sporn\u00fdch licen\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f zkr\u00e1tka neospravedl\u0148uje n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<p>Je v\u0161ak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee status quo z\u016fstane zachov\u00e1n. Motivace a pob\u00eddky obou stran jsou jasn\u00e9, srozumiteln\u00e9 a logick\u00e9 v kontextu jejich p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch model\u016f. Model\u016f, kter\u00e9 si navz\u00e1jem v\u017edy budou odporovat, i kdy\u017e jsou neodd\u011bliteln\u011b spojeny.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ed sto lety se v\u016fdci des\u00edtek zem\u00ed rozhodli j\u00edt do konfliktu. V\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee konflikt je bude st\u00e1t mnoho, bude hr\u016fzostra\u0161n\u011b destruktivn\u00ed a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nikdo z n\u011bj nevyjde jako v\u00edt\u011bz. Ud\u011blali to, proto\u017ee nevid\u011bli jinou cestu.<\/p>\n<p>Technologick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl se zd\u00e1, \u017ee tak\u00e9 nevid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><i><b>Pozn\u00e1mka:<\/b> Amazon a Elastic jsou klienty RedMonk, stejn\u011b jako Google a Microsoft. Expedia a Netflix nejsou klienty RedMonk.<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/444962\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431, \u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0451\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445. \u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0433\u0434\u0435. \u0412\u0441\u0451 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445\u00bb\u00a0\u2014 \u041e\u0442\u0442\u043e \u0444\u043e\u043d \u0411\u0438\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a, 1878 \u0421\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 11 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 1918 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00ab\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431, \u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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