{"id":30239,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uproshhaem-sborku-linux-iz-ishodnikov-s-pomoshhyu-sajta-umvirt-lfs-packages\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:27","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:27","slug":"uproshhaem-sborku-linux-iz-ishodnikov-s-pomoshhyu-sajta-umvirt-lfs-packages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/uproshhaem-sborku-linux-iz-ishodnikov-s-pomoshhyu-sajta-umvirt-lfs-packages","title":{"rendered":"Usnad\u0148ujeme sestaven\u00ed Linuxu z p\u016fvodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f pomoc\u00ed webu UmVirt LFS Packages","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Mnoho u\u017eivatel\u016f GNU\/Linux se mo\u017en\u00e1 za\u010dalo zab\u00fdvat ot\u00e1zkou, jak se pojistit na p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee dojde k nedostupnosti repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f popul\u00e1rn\u00edch distribuc\u00ed GNU\/Linux, v n\u00e1vaznosti na ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 iniciativy vl\u00e1d ke vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \"suver\u00e9nn\u00edho\" internetu.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed stahuj\u00ed repozit\u00e1\u0159e CentOS, Ubuntu, Debian, jin\u00ed si vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vlastn\u00ed distribuce na z\u00e1klad\u011b st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch distribuc\u00ed, a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed, vybaven\u00ed knihami LFS (Linux From Scratch) a BLFS (Beyond Linux From Scratch), se u\u017e pustili do kompilace sv\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed ze zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, proto\u017ee se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch \"suver\u00e9nn\u00edho\" internetu nevyhnuteln\u011b dojde k hackersk\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm, virov\u00fdm epidemi\u00edm, \u00fanik\u016fm dat a bin\u00e1rn\u00ed soubory se \u010dasem stanou zastaral\u00fdmi.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNed\u00e1vno jsem m\u011bl \u010das pln\u011b zkompilovat virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj ze zdrojov\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b instrukc\u00ed uveden\u00fdch v knize Linux From Scratch Systemd Edition v.8.3. R\u00e1d bych se s v\u00e1mi pod\u011blil o v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n

Proces sestaven\u00ed Linuxu<\/h2>\n

\nProces sestaven\u00ed Linuxu ze zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du lze rozd\u011blit do t\u0159\u00ed etap: <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je sestavena prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro LFS.<\/li>\n
  2. V prost\u0159ed\u00ed sestaven\u00ed se vytvo\u0159\u00ed obraz virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje LFS.<\/li>\n
  3. Do virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje se instaluj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dky z knihy BLFS, kter\u00e9 v knize LFS chyb\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Statick\u00e9 soubory skript\u016f<\/h3>\n

    \nP\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s prost\u0159ed\u00edm sestaven\u00ed je pohodln\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat clipboard a SSH: z knihy jsem zkop\u00edroval p\u0159\u00edkazy a vlo\u017eil je do konzole prost\u0159ed\u00ed sestaven\u00ed. <\/p>\n

    Po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje se objevily v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Na rozd\u00edl od okna termin\u00e1lu nelze k\u00f3d v okn\u011b klienta virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje vlo\u017eit. Ps\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edkazy na kl\u00e1vesnici je nepohodln\u00e9 a je velk\u00e9 riziko p\u0159eklep\u016f. Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159eklep\u016f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee se mohou projevit a\u017e po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b a v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/p>\n

    Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edkazy lze zad\u00e1vat nejen z kl\u00e1vesnice, ale i z standardn\u00edho vstupu (STDIN). Jako zdroj standardn\u00edho vstupu lze pou\u017e\u00edt s\u00e9riov\u00fd port a tak\u00e9 v\u00fdstup programu skriptu, takzvan\u00fd standardn\u00ed v\u00fdstup (STDOUT).<\/p>\n

    Mnoz\u00ed v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edkaz wget m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdstupem obsah sta\u017een\u00e9ho souboru do standardn\u00edho v\u00fdstupu (STDOUT):<\/p>\n

    wget http:\/\/example.com -O -<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nPokud v\u00fdstup p\u0159\u00edkazu wget nasm\u011brujete do interpretu, m\u016f\u017eete vykonat libovoln\u00fd k\u00f3d. K\u00f3d bude proveden tak, jako by byl naps\u00e1n na kl\u00e1vesnici nebo zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n ze schr\u00e1nky:<\/p>\n
    wget http:\/\/umvirt.com\/linux\/helloworld.sh -O - | bash<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nT\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem m\u016f\u017eete um\u00edstit na n\u011bjak\u00fd webov\u00fd server soubory s p\u0159\u00edkazy a pos\u00edlat jejich obsah do interpretu. <\/p>\n
    Dynamick\u00e9 skriptov\u00e9 soubory<\/h2>\n
    \nStatick\u00e9 soubory jsou jist\u011b dobr\u00e9, pokud v\u00edte, co m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vykon\u00e1no, ale co se d\u011bje p\u0159i instalaci bal\u00ed\u010dku, pokud nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda jsou z\u00e1vislosti nainstalov\u00e1ny, co pak? <\/p>\n
    Na pomoc p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed dynamick\u00fd web, ten kter\u00fd je na b\u00e1zi LAMP webov\u00e9ho serveru<\/b> (Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP). Pokud web m\u016f\u017ee dynamicky generovat str\u00e1nky (HTML soubory) a obr\u00e1zky, m\u011bl by si bez probl\u00e9m\u016f poradit i s oby\u010dejn\u00fdmi textov\u00fdmi soubory. <\/p>\n
    A tak to dopadlo. Napsal jsem web UmVirt LFS Packages<\/noindex> , kter\u00fd generuje skripty pro Bash interpretor. V datab\u00e1zi webu je obsa\u017eena informace o bal\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch, z\u00e1vislostech, patchech, dopln\u011bn\u00edch a p\u0159\u00edkazech sestaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n
    Nyn\u00ed k instalaci bal\u00ed\u010dku mc (midnight commander) m\u016f\u017eete zadat p\u0159\u00edkaz:<\/p>\n
    wget --no-check-certificate https:\/\/umvirt.com\/linux\/packages\/0.1\/mc\/install -O - | bash<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nSkript webu s\u00e1m z\u00edsk\u00e1 data z datab\u00e1ze a vytvo\u0159\u00ed k\u00f3d pro kontrolu z\u00e1vislost\u00ed a k\u00f3d skriptu pro instalaci bal\u00ed\u010dku. Interpretor zpracuje pokyny ze skriptu.<\/p>\n
    Aby to bylo mo\u017en\u00e9, na disku virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje se uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace o nainstalovan\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch v datab\u00e1zi.<\/p>\n
    Datab\u00e1ze nainstalovan\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v adres\u00e1\u0159i \/var\/cache\/ulfs-packages<\/b> , co\u017e je seznam pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch soubor\u016f s n\u00e1zvy odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1zv\u016fm bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. <\/p>\n
    Pokud bal\u00ed\u010dek nen\u00ed nalezen v datab\u00e1zi, dojde k rekurzivn\u00ed instalaci z\u00e1vislost\u00ed.<\/p>\n
    Pohodl\u00ed<\/h2>\n
    \nAby byla instalace bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, napsal jsem skript chimp, je\u0161t\u011b jeden web UmVirt LFS Assistant<\/noindex>, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 datab\u00e1zi. UmVirt LFS Packages<\/b>Hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem UmVirt LFS Assistant<\/b> je prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. <\/p>\n
    S pomoc\u00ed chimp se instalace bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f st\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed:<\/p>\n
    chimp install mc<\/code><\/pre>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Demonstrace<\/h2>\n
    \nAbyste se sezn\u00e1mili s fungov\u00e1n\u00edm slu\u017eeb, UmVirt LFS Packages<\/b> a UmVirt LFS Assistant<\/b> m\u016f\u017eete st\u00e1hnout z\u00e1kladn\u00ed obraz Initial UmVirt LFS v.0.1 Update 1<\/noindex>. Prove\u010fte instalaci Xorg spln\u011bn\u00edm jednoho p\u0159\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n
    chimp install X<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nB\u011bhem b\u011bhu skriptu bude automaticky nainstalov\u00e1no 141 bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. Aby se u\u0161et\u0159il \u010das p\u0159i kompilaci, m\u016f\u017eete v souboru \/etc\/profile zm\u011bnit hodnotu prom\u011bnn\u00e9 MAKEFLAGS z «-j1» (jeden vl\u00e1knov\u00fd) nap\u0159\u00edklad na «-j6» (\u0161est vl\u00e1ken).<\/p>\n
    Decentralizace a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h2>\n
    \nPro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, autonomie a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed byl zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d slu\u017eeb UmVirt LFS Packages a UmVirt LFS Assistant zve\u0159ejn\u011bn ve\u0159ejn\u011b. Ka\u017ed\u00fd si ho m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1hnout, nasadit a upravit slu\u017eby v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 infrastruktury.
    \n
    Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 GNU\/Linux \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u00ab\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Uleh\u010dujeme sestaven\u00ed Linuxu ze zdrojov\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f pomoc\u00ed webu UmVirt LFS Packages | ProHoster","description":"Mo\u017en\u00e1 se mnoz\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 GNU\/Linuxu v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b vzhledem k iniciativ\u00e1m \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u201esuver\u00e9nn\u00edho\u201c internetu zamysleli nad t\u00edm, jak se pojistit pro p\u0159\u00edpad nedostupnosti repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f 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