{"id":30471,"date":"2019-10-31T21:35:44","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:35:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/allokatsiya-zatrat-na-it-est-li-spravedlivost\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:35:44","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:35:44","slug":"allokatsiya-zatrat-na-it-est-li-spravedlivost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/allokatsiya-zatrat-na-it-est-li-spravedlivost","title":{"rendered":"Alokace n\u00e1klad\u016f na IT \u2013 je v tom spravedlnost?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Alokace n\u00e1klad\u016f na IT \u2013 je v tom spravedlnost?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/9ffe41c1fee6a5dc11923af7d2f358be.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s chod\u00ed do restaurac\u00ed s p\u0159\u00e1teli nebo kolegy. A po p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b str\u00e1ven\u00e9m \u010dase \u010d\u00ed\u0161n\u00edk p\u0159inese \u00fa\u010det. N\u00e1sledn\u011b se situace m\u016f\u017ee \u0159e\u0161it n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prvn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, \"gentlemansk\u00fd\". K \u010d\u00e1stce \u00fa\u010dtu se p\u0159id\u00e1 10\u201315 % \"na d\u00fd\u0161ko\" \u010d\u00ed\u0161n\u00edkovi, a v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka se rozd\u011bl\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u011b mezi v\u0161echny mu\u017ee.<\/li>\n<li>Druh\u00fd zp\u016fsob, \"socialistick\u00fd\". \u00da\u010det se d\u011bl\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u011b mezi v\u0161echny, nez\u00e1visle na tom, kdo co jedl a pil.<\/li>\n<li>T\u0159et\u00ed zp\u016fsob, \"spravedliv\u00fd\". Ka\u017ed\u00fd si vezme kalkula\u010dku na telefonu a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edtat cenu sv\u00fdch j\u00eddel plus ur\u010ditou \u010d\u00e1stku \"na d\u00fd\u0161ko\", tak\u00e9 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSituace v restauraci je velmi podobn\u00e1 situaci s n\u00e1klady na IT v firm\u00e1ch. Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek se pr\u00e1v\u011b zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na rozd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f mezi odd\u011blen\u00edmi.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAle ne\u017e se pono\u0159\u00edme do hlubin IT, vra\u0165me se k p\u0159\u00edkladu s restaurac\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z uveden\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f \u201ealokace n\u00e1klad\u016f\u201c m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody. Z\u0159ejm\u00e1 nev\u00fdhoda druh\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu: n\u011bkdo mohl sn\u00edst vegetari\u00e1nsk\u00fd sal\u00e1t \"Caesar\" bez ku\u0159ete, zat\u00edmco jin\u00fd m\u011bl steak \"Ribeye\", tak\u017ee \u010d\u00e1stky se mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161it. Nev\u00fdhoda \"spravedliv\u00e9ho\" zp\u016fsobu \u2013 velmi dlouh\u00fd proces po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, a celkov\u011b je v\u017edy m\u00e9n\u011b pen\u011bz, ne\u017e kolik je na \u00fa\u010dtu. Zn\u00ed to pov\u011bdom\u011b?<\/p>\n<p>A te\u010f si p\u0159edstavme, \u017ee jsme se bavili v restauraci v \u010c\u00edn\u011b a \u00fa\u010det p\u0159inesli v \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b. V\u0161echno, co je srozumiteln\u00e9, je jen \u010d\u00e1stka. A\u010dkoli n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mohou m\u00edt podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee to v\u016fbec nen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stka, ale aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed datum. Nebo p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee se to odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v Izraeli. Tam se \u010dte zprava doleva, ale jak se p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla? Kdo na to dok\u00e1\u017ee odpov\u011bd\u011bt bez Googlu?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Alokace n\u00e1klad\u016f na IT \u2013 je v tom spravedlnost?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/a3972ecedc30c15879272f098821e36c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Pro\u010d je alokace d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro IT a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>\nTak, IT odd\u011blen\u00ed poskytuje slu\u017eby v\u0161em odd\u011blen\u00edm spole\u010dnosti, prakticky prod\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby obchodn\u00edm jednotk\u00e1m. A i kdy\u017e mezi odd\u011blen\u00edmi uvnit\u0159 spole\u010dnosti nemus\u00ed existovat form\u00e1ln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed vztahy, ka\u017ed\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed jednotka by m\u011bla alespo\u0148 ch\u00e1pat, kolik utr\u00e1c\u00ed za IT, kolik j\u00ed stoj\u00ed spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch produkt\u016f, testov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch iniciativ atd. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee modernizaci a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed infrastruktury neplat\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd mytologick\u00fd \u201emoderniz\u00e1tor, patron syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch integr\u00e1tor\u016f a v\u00fdrobc\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u201c, ale obchod, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl rozum\u011bt efektivit\u011b t\u011bchto v\u00fddaj\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>Obchodn\u00ed jednotky se li\u0161\u00ed podle velikosti a tak\u00e9 podle \u201eintenzity\u201c vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed IT zdroj\u016f. Rozd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na modernizaci IT infrastruktury rovn\u00fdm d\u00edlem mezi odd\u011blen\u00edmi je tedy ten druh\u00fd zp\u016fsob se v\u0161emi jeho nev\u00fdhodami. \u201eSpravedliv\u00fd\u201c zp\u016fsob je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pracn\u00fd. Nejp\u0159ijateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variantou se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u201ekvazispravedliv\u00e1\u201c varianta, kdy jsou n\u00e1klady alokov\u00e1ny ne na hal\u00e9\u0159e, ale s n\u011bjakou rozumnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako my ve \u0161koln\u00ed geometrii pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me \u010d\u00edslo \u03c0 jako 3,14, a ne celou posloupnost \u010d\u00edsel za \u010d\u00e1rkou.<\/p>\n<p>Odhad n\u00e1klad\u016f na IT slu\u017eby je velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd v holdingu se jednotnou IT infrastrukturou p\u0159i slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo odd\u011blen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti holdingu do samostatn\u00e9 struktury. To umo\u017e\u0148uje okam\u017eit\u011b spo\u010d\u00edtat n\u00e1klady na IT slu\u017eby, aby tyto \u010d\u00e1stky byly zohledn\u011bny p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016fm na IT slu\u017eby pom\u00e1h\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a vlastnictv\u00ed IT zdroj\u016f. Kdy\u017e mu\u017ei v oblec\u00edch za n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc $ vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed, jak jejich produkt m\u016f\u017ee optimalizovat n\u00e1klady na IT, zv\u00fd\u0161it to, co je pot\u0159eba zv\u00fd\u0161it, a sn\u00ed\u017eit to, co je pot\u0159eba sn\u00ed\u017eit, hodnocen\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f na IT slu\u017eby umo\u017e\u0148uje IT \u0159editeli neslepo v\u011b\u0159it marketingov\u00fdm slib\u016fm, ale p\u0159esn\u011b hodnotit o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd efekt a kontrolovat v\u00fdsledky. <\/p>\n<p>Pro obchod je alokace mo\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159edem ch\u00e1pat n\u00e1klady na IT slu\u017eby. Jak\u00fdkoliv obchodn\u00ed po\u017eadavek je hodnocen ne jako zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu na IT o tolik procent, ale ur\u010duje se jako suma za konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u017eadavek nebo slu\u017ebu.<\/p>\n<h2>Skute\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad<\/h2>\n<p>\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 \u201ebolest\u201c IT \u0159editele velk\u00e9 firmy spo\u010d\u00edvala v tom, \u017ee bylo nutn\u00e9 pochopit, jak rozd\u011blit n\u00e1klady mezi obchodn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed a navrhnout \u00fa\u010dast na rozvoji IT \u00fam\u011brn\u011b k pot\u0159eb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Jako \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jsme vyvinuli kalkula\u010dku IT slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee rozd\u011blit celkov\u00e9 IT n\u00e1klady nejd\u0159\u00edve na IT slu\u017eby a pot\u00e9 na obchodn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dakoly jsou ve skute\u010dnosti dva: spo\u010d\u00edtat n\u00e1klady na IT slu\u017ebu a rozd\u011blit n\u00e1klady mezi obchodn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tuto slu\u017ebu vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, podle ur\u010dit\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f (\"kvazi spravedliv\u00fd\" zp\u016fsob).<\/p>\n<p>Na prvn\u00ed pohled to m\u016f\u017ee vypadat jednodu\u0161e, pokud byly IT slu\u017eby od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku spr\u00e1vn\u011b pops\u00e1ny, informace zaneseny do datab\u00e1ze konfigurac\u00ed CMDB a syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy IT aktiv ITAM, byly sestaveny modely zdroj\u016f a slu\u017eeb a vyvinut katalog IT slu\u017eeb. Opravdu, v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 pro ka\u017edou IT slu\u017ebu ur\u010dit, jak\u00e9 zdroje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a kolik tyto zdroje stoj\u00ed se zohledn\u011bn\u00edm amortizace. Ale pot\u00fdk\u00e1me se s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm rusk\u00fdm podnik\u00e1n\u00edm, co\u017e klade n\u011bkter\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Tak CMDB a ITAM chyb\u00ed, existuje pouze katalog IT slu\u017eeb. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 IT slu\u017eba obecn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, p\u0159\u00edstup k n\u011bmu, podporu u\u017eivatel\u016f atd. IT slu\u017eba vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 infrastruktur\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby typu \u201eDB server\u201c, \u201eAplika\u010dn\u00ed server\u201c, \u201e\u00dalo\u017en\u00fd syst\u00e9m\u201c, \u201eDatov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165\u201c atd. Proto je pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed polo\u017een\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f nutn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ur\u010dit n\u00e1klady na infrastruktur\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby;<\/li>\n<li>rozd\u011blit n\u00e1klady na infrastruktur\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby mezi IT slu\u017eby a vypo\u010d\u00edtat jejich n\u00e1klady;<\/li>\n<li>ur\u010dit ukazatele (koeficienty) rozd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f IT slu\u017eeb na obchodn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed a prov\u00e9st alokaci n\u00e1klad\u016f IT slu\u017eeb na obchodn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se n\u00e1klady IT odd\u011blen\u00ed rozd\u011bl\u00ed mezi ostatn\u00ed \u00fatvary spole\u010dnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV\u0161echny ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na IT lze p\u0159edstavit jako pytel pen\u011bz. Z tohoto pytle bylo n\u011bco vynalo\u017eeno na vybaven\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce na migraci, modernizaci, licence, podporu, mzdy zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm atd. Av\u0161ak slo\u017eitost je ve \u00fa\u010detnick\u00e9m postupu evidence dlouhodob\u00e9ho majetku a nehmotn\u00fdch aktiv v IT. <\/p>\n<p>Zva\u017eme p\u0159\u00edklad projektu na modernizaci infrastruktury SAP. V r\u00e1mci projektu se zakoup\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a licence, prov\u00e1d\u00ed se pr\u00e1ce pomoc\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho integr\u00e1tora. P\u0159i uzav\u0159en\u00ed projektu mus\u00ed mana\u017eer vy\u0159\u00eddit dokumenty, aby za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed pat\u0159ilo do dlouhodob\u00e9ho majetku, licence do nehmotn\u00fdch aktiv a ostatn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na projektov\u00e1n\u00ed a uveden\u00ed do provozu byly odeps\u00e1ny jako budouc\u00ed n\u00e1klady. Probl\u00e9m \u010d\u00edslo jedna: p\u0159i za\u0159azen\u00ed do dlouhodob\u00e9ho majetku \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edka na tom, jak se to bude naz\u00fdvat, nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Proto v dlouhodob\u00e9m majetku dost\u00e1v\u00e1me aktivum \"UpgradeSAPandMigration\". Pokud se v\u0161ak v r\u00e1mci projektu modernizoval diskov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 s SAP \u017e\u00e1dnou souvislost, je\u0161t\u011b to komplikovalo hled\u00e1n\u00ed hodnoty a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 alokace. Fakticky se za aktivem \"UpgradeSAPandMigration\" m\u016f\u017ee skr\u00fdvat jak\u00e9koliv za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a \u010d\u00edm d\u00e9le uplynul \u010das, t\u00edm obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je pochopit, co se vlastn\u011b kupovalo. <\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u011b je to s nehmotn\u00fdmi aktivy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzorec pro v\u00fdpo\u010det. Dal\u0161\u00ed komplikaci p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 to, \u017ee okam\u017eik spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a jeho za\u0159azen\u00ed do bilan\u010dn\u00edho stavu se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o rok. Krom\u011b toho je amortizace \u2013 5 let, ale ve skute\u010dnosti m\u016f\u017ee za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed fungovat d\u00e9le nebo krat\u0161\u00ed dobu, v z\u00e1vislosti na okolnostech.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edm p\u00e1dem je teoreticky mo\u017en\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edtat n\u00e1klady IT slu\u017eeb se 100% p\u0159esnost\u00ed, ale prakticky je to \u010dinnost dlouh\u00e1 a pom\u011brn\u011b bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e1. Proto jsme zvolili jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob: n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 lze snadno p\u0159i\u0159adit k n\u011bjak\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e nebo IT slu\u017eb\u011b, p\u0159i\u0159azovat rovnou k odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed slu\u017eb\u011b. Ostatn\u00ed n\u00e1klady rozd\u011blit mezi IT slu\u017eby dle ur\u010dit\u00fdch pravidel. To umo\u017en\u00ed z\u00edskat p\u0159esnost p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 85 %, co\u017e je zcela dostate\u010dn\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p><b>V prvn\u00edm kroku<\/b> Pro rozd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017eby se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed a \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o IT projektech a \u201ezdrav\u00fd voluntarismus\u201c v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1klady p\u0159i\u0159adit k n\u011bjak\u00e9 infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017eb\u011b. N\u00e1klady se p\u0159i\u0159azuj\u00ed bu\u010f okam\u017eit\u011b k IT slu\u017eb\u00e1m, nebo k infrastrukturn\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m. V d\u016fsledku rozd\u011blen\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me sou\u010det v\u00fddaj\u016f na ka\u017edou infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017ebu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ve druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi<\/b> se ur\u010duj\u00ed koeficienty rozd\u011blen\u00ed mezi IT slu\u017ebami pro takov\u00e9 infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017eby, jako jsou \u201eServer aplikac\u00ed\u201c, \u201eServer datab\u00e1z\u00ed\u201c, \u201eSkladovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u201c atd. N\u011bkter\u00e9 infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017eby, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201ePracovn\u00ed stanice\u201c, \u201eWi-Fi p\u0159\u00edstup\u201c, \u201eVideokonference\u201c, nejsou rozd\u011blov\u00e1ny mezi IT slu\u017eby a jsou alokov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edmo na obchodn\u00ed divize.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 to nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad si vezmeme takovou infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017ebu jako \u201eServery aplikac\u00ed\u201c. Ta je p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 prakticky v ka\u017ed\u00e9 IT slu\u017eb\u011b, a to ve dvou architektur\u00e1ch, s virtualizac\u00ed a bez n\u00ed, se z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00edm a bez n\u011bj. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed metodou je alokace n\u00e1klad\u016f proporcion\u00e1ln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm j\u00e1dr\u016fm. Abychom po\u010d\u00edtali v \u201estejn\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch\u201c a nezam\u011b\u0148ovali fyzick\u00e1 j\u00e1dra s virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi, vezmeme v \u00favahu, \u017ee jedno fyzick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro se rovn\u00e1 t\u0159em virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm. Pak vzorec pro rozd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017eby \u201eServer aplikac\u00ed\u201c pro ka\u017edou IT slu\u017ebu bude vypadat takto:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Alokace n\u00e1klad\u016f na IT \u2013 je v tom spravedlnost?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/966a5548e438ddf592854b4504a55266.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>,<\/p>\n<p>kde Psp \u2013 celkov\u00e1 cena infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017eby \u201eServery aplikac\u00ed\u201c, a Kx86 a Kr \u2013 koeficienty vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed pod\u00edl <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\"   title=\"servery\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1287\">servery<\/a> x86 a R-series. <\/p>\n<p>Koeficienty se ur\u010duj\u00ed empiricky na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy IT infrastruktury. Cena clusterov\u00e9ho softwaru, softwaru pro virtualizaci, opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a aplika\u010dn\u00edho softwaru se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 jako samostatn\u00e9 infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<p>Vezm\u011bme si slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad. Infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017eba \u201eServery datab\u00e1z\u00ed\u201c. Ta zahrnuje n\u00e1klady na \u201ehardware\u201c a n\u00e1klady na licence datab\u00e1z\u00ed. Tak lze cenu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a licenc\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159it ve vzorci:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Alokace n\u00e1klad\u016f na IT \u2013 je v tom spravedlnost?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/3d6f0e98353ad322728ee004ca15a064.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nkde RHW a RLIC \u2013 to jsou celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vybaven\u00ed a celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na licence DB, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e KHW a KLIC jsou empirick\u00e9 koeficienty, kter\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed pod\u00edl n\u00e1klad\u016f na \"hardware\" a licence. <\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le s \"hardware\" analogicky k p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edkladu, av\u0161ak selicencemi je to o n\u011bco slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V IT prost\u0159ed\u00ed spole\u010dnosti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eito n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f datab\u00e1z\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad Oracle, MSSQL, Postgres atd. Vzorec pro v\u00fdpo\u010det alokace konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze, nap\u0159\u00edklad MSSQL, k ur\u010dit\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b vypad\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Alokace n\u00e1klad\u016f na IT \u2013 je v tom spravedlnost?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d596511cadf69c3d21901db4c531443a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nkde KMSSQL \u2013 to je koeficient, kter\u00fd ur\u010duje pod\u00edl t\u00e9to datab\u00e1ze v IT prost\u0159ed\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Je\u0161t\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v\u00fdpo\u010det a alokace syst\u00e9m\u016f pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobci pol\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy disk\u016f. Ale popis t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti je t\u00e9matem pro samostatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek. <\/p>\n<h2>Jak\u00fd je v\u00fdsledek?<\/h2>\n<p>\nV\u00fdsledkem takov\u00e9ho cvi\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt Excel kalkul\u00e1tor nebo automatiza\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj. V\u0161e z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zralosti spole\u010dnosti, zaveden\u00fdch procesech, implementovan\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch a p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed veden\u00ed. Takov\u00fd kalkul\u00e1tor nebo n\u00e1stroj na vizualizaci dat pom\u00e1h\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozd\u011blovat n\u00e1klady mezi obchodn\u00ed jednotky a ukazuje, jak a na co se rozd\u011bluje IT rozpo\u010det. Tento n\u00e1stroj m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 snadno demonstrovat, jak zlep\u0161en\u00ed spolehlivosti slu\u017eby (z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed) zvy\u0161uje jej\u00ed n\u00e1klady, a to nejen na cenu, <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"serveru\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3476\">serveru<\/a>ale s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k ve\u0161ker\u00fdm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016fm. To umo\u017e\u0148uje podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a IT \u0159editeli \"hr\u00e1t na stejn\u00e9 desce\" podle stejn\u00fdch pravidel. P\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch produkt\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e9 dop\u0159edu spo\u010d\u00edtat n\u00e1klady a zhodnotit opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost.<\/p>\n<p><i>Igor Tyukachev, konzultant \"Infosystemy Jet\"<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/jetinfosystems\/blog\/445716\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d. \u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043a. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439, \u00ab\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\u00bb. \u041a \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 10\u201315% \u00ab\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0439\u00bb \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u00ab\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\u00bb. \u0427\u0435\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22471,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/allokatsiya-zatrat-na-it-est-li-spravedlivost\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0410\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0422 \u2013 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c? 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