{"id":30623,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","slug":"klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","title":{"rendered":"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastr\u016f na b\u00e1zi drbd+ocfs2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>O \u010dem budeme mluvit:<\/b><br \/>\nJak rychle nasadit sd\u00edlen\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro dva servery na b\u00e1zi \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed drbd+ocfs2. <\/p>\n<p><b>Pro koho to bude u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9:<\/b><br \/>\nTento tutori\u00e1l bude u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1tor\u016fm a v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed vyb\u00edraj\u00ed zp\u016fsob realizace \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b nebo cht\u011bj\u00ed vyzkou\u0161et toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Od jak\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jsme upustili a pro\u010d<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u010casto se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se situac\u00ed, kdy je t\u0159eba realizovat na mal\u00e9m webov\u00e9m clusteru sd\u00edlen\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b s dobrou v\u00fdkonnost\u00ed pro \u010dten\u00ed i z\u00e1pis. Zkou\u0161eli jsme r\u016fzn\u00e9 varianty realizace sd\u00edlen\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro na\u0161e projekty, ale m\u00e1lo co bylo schopno uspokojit n\u00e1s najednou podle n\u011bkolika ukazatel\u016f. Nyn\u00ed v\u00e1m pov\u00edme pro\u010d.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glusterfs n\u00e1m nevyhovoval v\u00fdkonnost\u00ed pro \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pis, objevovaly se probl\u00e9my s sou\u010dasn\u00fdm \u010dten\u00edm velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu soubor\u016f, bylo to s vysokou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed CPU. Probl\u00e9m s \u010dten\u00edm soubor\u016f by se dal vy\u0159e\u0161it p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k brick\u016fm, ale to nen\u00ed v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 a celkov\u011b je to nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ceph n\u00e1s neoslovil p\u0159ehnanou slo\u017eitost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00e1 u projekt\u016f se 2-4 servery, <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"servery\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3413\">servery<\/a>, zejm\u00e9na pokud projekt pak spravuj\u00ed. Op\u011bt jsou zde v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 omezen\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti, kter\u00e1 nut\u00ed budovat samostatn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 clustery, stejn\u011b jako u glusterfs. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pou\u017eit\u00ed jednoho nfs serveru pro realizaci sd\u00edlen\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky z hlediska odolnosti proti v\u00fdpadk\u016fm. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> s3 \u2014 skv\u011bl\u00e9 popul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00fakoly, ale nen\u00ed to souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, co\u017e omezuje oblast pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lsyncd. Pokud u\u017e jsme za\u010dali mluvit o \u201ene-souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech\u201c, stoj\u00ed za to se pod\u00edvat i na toto popul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Nejen\u017ee nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 pro obousm\u011brnou synchronizaci (ale pokud se moc chce, tak to lze), ale tak\u00e9 nestabiln\u011b funguje na velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu soubor\u016f. P\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm dopln\u011bn\u00edm je, \u017ee je jednovl\u00e1knov\u00e9. D\u016fvodem je architektura programu: vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 inotify pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed objekt\u016f pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 se zap\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159i op\u011btovn\u00e9m skenov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jako prost\u0159edek p\u0159enosu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 rsync. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Tutori\u00e1l: jak nasadit sd\u00edlen\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b na b\u00e1zi drbd+ocfs2<\/h3>\n<p>\nJedn\u00edm z nejpohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro n\u00e1s byl spojen\u00ed <b>ocfs2+drbd<\/b>. Nyn\u00ed v\u00e1m pov\u00edme, jak rychle nasadit sd\u00edlen\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro dva <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\"   title=\"servery\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1291\">servery<\/a> na b\u00e1zi datab\u00e1zov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Ale nejd\u0159\u00edve n\u011bco o komponentech:<\/p>\n<p><b>DRBD<\/b> \u2014 \u00falo\u017en\u00fd syst\u00e9m z standardn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky Linuxu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje replikaci dat mezi servery po bloc\u00edch. Hlavn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v budov\u00e1n\u00ed odoln\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><b>OCFS2<\/b> \u2014 souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje sd\u00edlen\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce syst\u00e9my. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dod\u00e1vky Linuxu a p\u0159edstavuje j\u00e1drov\u00fd modul a u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro pr\u00e1ci s FS. OCFS2 lze pou\u017e\u00edt nejen nad DRBD, ale tak\u00e9 nad iSCSI s v\u00edcero p\u0159ipojen\u00edmi. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edkladu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me DRBD.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny akce se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed na ubuntu serveru 18.04 v minim\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci.<\/p>\n<p><b>Krok 1. Nastavujeme DRBD:<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nV souboru \/etc\/drbd.d\/drbd0.res popisujeme na\u0161e virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed blokov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \/dev\/drbd0:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resource drbd0 {\n    syncer { rate 1000M; }\n    net {\n        allow-two-primaries;\n        after-sb-0pri discard-zero-changes;\n        after-sb-1pri discard-secondary;\n        after-sb-2pri disconnect;\n    }\n    startup { become-primary-on both; }\n    on drbd1 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.192:7789;\n}\n    on drbd2 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.193:7789;\n}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<i>meta-disk internal<\/i> \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edvat stejn\u00e9 blokov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed metadat<br \/>\n<i>device \/dev\/drbd0<\/i> \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edvat \/dev\/drbd0 jako cestu k drbd.<br \/>\n<i>disk \/dev\/vdb1<\/i> \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edvat \/dev\/vdb1 <br \/>\n<i>syncer { rate 1000M; }<\/i> \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edvat gigabitovou propustnost kan\u00e1lu<br \/>\n<i>allow-two-primaries<\/i> \u2014 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 volba, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ij\u00edmat zm\u011bny na dvou prim\u00e1rn\u00edch serverech<br \/>\n<i>after-sb-0pri, after-sb-1pri, after-sb-2pri<\/i> \u2014 volby odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed za akce uzlu p\u0159i zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed splitbrain. Podrobnosti lze nal\u00e9zt v dokumentaci.<br \/>\n<i>become-primary-on both<\/i> \u2014 nastavuje ob\u011b uzly na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u00e1me dv\u011b naprosto identick\u00e9 VM s vyhrazenou virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed s propustnost\u00ed 10 gigabit\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edkladu jsou s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy dvou uzl\u016f clusteru \u2014 drbd1 a drbd2. Pro spr\u00e1vnou funkci je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0159adit v \/etc\/hosts n\u00e1zvy a IP adresy uzl\u016f.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">10.10.10.192 drbd1\n10.10.10.193 drbd2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Krok 2. Nastavujeme uzly:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Na obou serverech prov\u00e1d\u00edme:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm create-md drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastr\u016f na b\u00e1zi drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/38b0a4a4fc60ac617abfad6e8f755ae7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">modprobe drbd\ndrbdadm up drbd0\ncat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDostaneme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastr\u016f na b\u00e1zi drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/91c48ed32cd1471e4076934d041966d8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nM\u016f\u017eeme spustit synchronizaci. Na prvn\u00edm uzlu je pot\u0159eba prov\u00e9st:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nD\u00edv\u00e1me se na stav:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastr\u016f na b\u00e1zi drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/b94b54b1050595bec774adf6c5190968.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSkv\u011ble, synchronizace za\u010dala. \u010cek\u00e1me na dokon\u010den\u00ed a vid\u00edme obr\u00e1zek:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastr\u016f na b\u00e1zi drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/7f9e2d3664d3a578c74e72b8bc4c1a7f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Krok 3. Spou\u0161t\u00edme synchronizaci na druh\u00e9m uzlu:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDostaneme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastr\u016f na b\u00e1zi drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ad3d616ca84fa26a18574f433bb7d9fe.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme zapisovat do drbd ze dvou server\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><b>Krok 4. Instalace a nastaven\u00ed ocfs2.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eijeme dost trivi\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cluster:\n     node_count = 2\n     name = ocfs2cluster\n\nnode:\n     number = 1\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.192\n     name = drbd1\n\nnode:\n     number = 2\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.193\n     name = drbd2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nJe pot\u0159eba ji zapsat do <i>\/etc\/ocfs2\/cluster.conf<\/i> na obou nodech.<\/p>\n<p>Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme FS na drbd0 na libovoln\u00e9m nodu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mkfs.ocfs2 -L \"testVol\" \/dev\/drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTady jsme vytvo\u0159ili FS s ozna\u010den\u00edm testVol na drbd0 s pou\u017eit\u00edm v\u00fdchoz\u00edch parametr\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastr\u016f na b\u00e1zi drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d147b91ca6f39d846023d8b5c35a240e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV \/etc\/default\/o2cb je nutn\u00e9 nastavit (jak v na\u0161em konfigura\u010dn\u00edm souboru)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">O2CB_ENABLED=true \nO2CB_BOOTCLUSTER=ocfs2cluster <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\na prov\u00e9st na ka\u017ed\u00e9m nodu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">o2cb register-cluster ocfs2cluster<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPot\u00e9 zapneme a p\u0159id\u00e1me k automatick\u00e9mu spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 jednotky:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl enable drbd o2cb ocfs2\nsystemctl start drbd o2cb ocfs2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u010c\u00e1st z toho ji\u017e bude spu\u0161t\u011bna b\u011bhem nastaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><b>Krok 5. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed mount point\u016f do fstab na obou nodech:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/dev\/drbd0 \/media\/shared ocfs2 defaults,noauto,heartbeat=local 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAdres\u00e1\u0159 <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159en p\u0159edem.<\/p>\n<p>Tady pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me volby noauto, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee FS nebude p\u0159ipojena p\u0159i startu (preferuji p\u0159ipojovat s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 FS pomoc\u00ed systemd) a heartbeat=local, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me slu\u017ebu heartbeat na ka\u017ed\u00e9m nodu. Existuje tak\u00e9 global heartbeat, kter\u00fd je v\u00edce vhodn\u00fd pro velk\u00e9 clustery.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159ipojit <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> a zkontrolovat synchronizaci obsahu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Hotovo!<\/b> V d\u016fsledku toho z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me v\u00edce-m\u00e9n\u011b odoln\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b s mo\u017enost\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed a slu\u0161n\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445612\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f 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