{"id":30674,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/50-letnij-modem-vzglyad-iznutri\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:50","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:50","slug":"50-letnij-modem-vzglyad-iznutri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/50-letnij-modem-vzglyad-iznutri","title":{"rendered":"50let\u00fd modem: pohled dovnit\u0159","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"50let\u00fd
\n
\nP\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety autor nav\u0161t\u00edvil ble\u0161\u00ed trh po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd W6TRW na parkovi\u0161ti spole\u010dnosti Northrop Grumman v Redondo Beach v Kalifornii. Mezi televizory, kter\u00e9 vypadaly jako b\u00edl\u00e9 medv\u011bdi, a mno\u017estv\u00edm nab\u00edje\u010dek na telefony a nap\u00e1jec\u00edch zdroj\u016f se r\u00fdsoval d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd box se z\u00e1mkem, d\u0159ev\u011bnou rukojet\u00ed a konektorem DB-25 na boku. Vedle konektoru byl p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d: poloduplex \u2013 pln\u00fd duplex. Autor si uv\u011bdomil, co to je. Modem. D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd modem. A sice \u2013 modem s akustick\u00fdm p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00edm, vyroben\u00fd spole\u010dnost\u00ed Livermore Data Systems p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v roce 1965.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"50let\u00fd
\n
\nModem je zat\u00edm je\u0161t\u011b na ble\u0161\u00edm trhu. Hned po vyfotografov\u00e1n\u00ed ho autor koupil za 20 dolar\u016f.<\/i><\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee ne ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed, co je modem s akustick\u00fdm p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00edm \u2013 n\u00e1sleduje kr\u00e1tk\u00fd exkurz do historie. Probl\u00e9m byl v tom, \u017ee kdysi byly telefonn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti vlastn\u00edky nejen linek. Museli jste si pronaj\u00edmat tak\u00e9 telefonn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje. Ti \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed za\u017eili dial-up, p\u0159ipojovali modemy p\u0159\u00edmo k telefonn\u00edm link\u00e1m. A v t\u00e9 dob\u011b, kdy byl tento modem vyroben, to bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. Podle americk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona z roku 1934 bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no p\u0159ipojovat k dom\u00e1c\u00edm telefon\u016fm jak\u00e9koliv za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V roce 1956 po p\u0159\u00edpadu Hush-A-Phone Corp v. United States byla pravidla zm\u00edrn\u011bna: mechanicky<\/i> p\u0159ipojovat se dalo. Hush-A-Phone \u2013 to je tohle<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Form\u00e1ln\u011b bylo v USA povoleno p\u0159ipojovat r\u016fzn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k telefonn\u00ed lince elektricky v roce 1968 (rozhodnut\u00ed Carterphone<\/a><\/noindex>). Ale do roku 1978 nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 tuto mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt, proto\u017ee nebyly stanoveny tarify, specifikace a certifika\u010dn\u00ed metody. Proto m\u011bl smysl pou\u017e\u00edvat akusticky p\u00e1rovac\u00ed modemy a autodialery od roku 1956 do roku 1978. Na praxi se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly d\u00e9le \u2013 setrva\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tento modem, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed na stole autora, je nezbytnou, ale zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed str\u00e1nkou historie. Byl vyroben p\u0159ed rozhodnut\u00edm Carterphone a proto se nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipojit p\u0159\u00edmo k telefonn\u00ed s\u00edti. Byl navr\u017een p\u0159ed v\u00fdvojem mnoha integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou dnes pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za klasick\u00e9. Prvn\u00ed verze tohoto modemu byla vyd\u00e1na pouh\u00fd rok po Bell 103, prvn\u00edm komer\u010dn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m modemu. P\u0159ed v\u00e1mi se nach\u00e1z\u00ed skv\u011bl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad toho, kolik mo\u017enost\u00ed lze \u201evyt\u011b\u017eit\u201c pouze z t\u0159in\u00e1cti tranzistor\u016f. Pot\u00e9 byl tento modem dlouho zapomenut, dokud nebyla vytvo\u0159ena dv\u011b videa, jedno v roce 2009 a druh\u00e9 v roce 2011:<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Video bloger phreakmonkey z\u00edskal ranou verzi modemu se s\u00e9riov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem o n\u011bco vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 200. Takov\u00e9 modemy se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed t\u011blem z o\u0159echov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva, jeho\u017e \u010d\u00e1sti jsou spojeny \u201elastovi\u010dkami\u201c. Podle phreakmonkey se podle tohoto znaku d\u00e1 ur\u010dit, jak star\u00fd modem je, proto\u017ee \u201elastovi\u010dky\u201c jsou n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu. Od s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla 850 za\u010daly b\u00fdt modemy um\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1ny do t\u011bl z teakov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva s krabicov\u00fdmi spoji. Pot\u00e9 byly \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla za\u010daly spojovat perko. Spole\u010dnosti Livermore Data Systems bylo t\u0159eba vyr\u00e1b\u011bt modemy st\u00e1le rychleji.<\/p>\n

V roce 2007 blogger Brent Hilpert nahl\u00e9dl do takov\u00e9ho modemu a popisoval jeho konstrukci<\/a><\/noindex>. Zejm\u00e9na zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je jeho sch\u00e9ma. V\u0161echny t\u0159i tranzistory v modemu jsou standardn\u00ed a v t\u00e9 dob\u011b \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9. Jeden germanijov\u00fd PNP tranzistor je tam z d\u016fvodu, kter\u00e9 autorovi nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9. Tranzistory v\u0161ech t\u011bchto typ\u016f se dnes st\u00e1le snadno nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve star\u00fdch z\u00e1sob\u00e1ch. Celkem asi dvacet dolar\u016f a m\u00e1te kompletn\u00ed sadu tranzistor\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch k reprodukci identick\u00e9ho modemu. Pravda, budou pot\u0159eba i dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, v\u010detn\u011b miniaturn\u00edch transform\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"50let\u00fd
\n
\nVlastn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed akustick\u00e9ho p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed z modemu n\u011bkdo vyjmul, zbytek pln\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dokumentaci. Na krosov\u00e9 desce jsou um\u00edst\u011bny t\u0159i desky. Na prvn\u00ed jsou v\u0161echny sou\u010d\u00e1sti zdroje, krom\u011b transform\u00e1toru, na druh\u00e9 je modul\u00e1tor a na t\u0159et\u00ed demodul\u00e1tor. Na tranzistorech 2N5138 je uvedeno datum: 37. t\u00fdden 1969. P\u0159esn\u011bji stanovit datum v\u00fdroby samotn\u00e9ho modemu se nepoda\u0159ilo, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b byl vyroben a expedov\u00e1n p\u0159ed rokem 1970.<\/p>\n

\"50let\u00fd
\n
\n\"50let\u00fd
\n
\nSpojen\u00ed perkem znamen\u00e1, \u017ee modem je pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdroby<\/i><\/p>\n

\"50let\u00fd
\n
\n\"50let\u00fd
\n
\n\"50let\u00fd
\n
\n\"50let\u00fd
\n
\n\"50let\u00fd
\n
\nAutor si koupil tento modem jen proto, aby ho m\u011bl u sebe. Je to d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd modem, ale t\u011b\u017eko by si n\u011bkdo z autorov\u00fdch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch dok\u00e1zal p\u0159edstavit, jak je skv\u011bl\u00fd. Je to um\u011bleck\u00fd objekt, v n\u011bm\u017e je tolik neoby\u010dejn\u00e9ho. Autor cht\u011bl modem opravit, ale uv\u011bdomil si, \u017ee to nen\u00ed praktick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Za prv\u00e9 bude pot\u0159eba naj\u00edt origin\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed akustick\u00e9ho p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kv\u016fli jeho absenci n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci ble\u0161\u00edho trhu nech\u00e1pali, co maj\u00ed p\u0159ed sebou za p\u0159\u00edstroj. Embl\u00e9my Livermore Data Systems a s\u00e9riov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo p\u016fvodn\u011b byly na tomto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale nyn\u00ed jejich absence pouze zt\u011b\u017eovala rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed jako modemu ostatn\u00edmi n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky, proto\u017ee ti nejsou zam\u011bstnanci po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch muze\u00ed. Je l\u00e1kav\u00e9 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vytisknout detaily za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed akustick\u00e9ho p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale dostanou se k tomu ruce?<\/p>\n

Za druh\u00e9, ur\u010dit\u011b \u201autekly\u2018 parametry mnoha kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 vz\u00edt a rozebrat v\u0161echny desky, ale pokud chce autor z\u00edskat funk\u010dn\u00ed modem s akustick\u00fdm p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00edm, existuje lep\u0161\u00ed varianta.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o vtipnou konstrukci nazvanou «WC pro data<\/a><\/noindex>«, vyvinutou Chaos Computer Club v roce 1985 v reakci na podobn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz, kter\u00fd tehdy v SRN st\u00e1le platil. Takov\u00fd modem je navr\u017een jednodu\u0161eji a m\u00e1 v\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed. Je vyroben na \u010dipu AM7910, kter\u00fd se st\u00e1le ob\u010das prod\u00e1v\u00e1, a pracuje p\u0159i rychlostech a\u017e 1200 Bd. Na n\u011bm lze modem postavit od nuly rychleji ne\u017e na diskr\u00e9tn\u00edch tranzistorech.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b nem\u00e1 smysl obnovovat tento d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd modem, ale bylo velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ho rozebrat, ud\u011blat fotografickou seanci a zase ho sestavit tak, jak byl. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b takto vypadala zevnit\u0159 prakticky cel\u00e1 elektronika, dokud v n\u00ed nebyly \u010dipy. Ale pokud se n\u00e1hodou autorovi dostane do rukou vhodn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed akustick\u00e9ho p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed pro tento modem, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se je\u0161t\u011b jednou zamysl\u00ed: a mo\u017en\u00e1 by p\u0159ece jen st\u00e1lo za to se do opravy pustit?
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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