{"id":30678,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novaya-statya-sobiraem-kompyuter-mechty-20-let-nazad\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:51","slug":"novaya-statya-sobiraem-kompyuter-mechty-20-let-nazad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/novaya-statya-sobiraem-kompyuter-mechty-20-let-nazad","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek: Stav\u00edme po\u010d\u00edta\u010d sn\u016f\u2026 p\u0159ed 20 lety","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

U\u017e dva roky m\u00e1 3DNews rubriku «Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d m\u011bs\u00edce», ve kter\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1me optim\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci hardwaru podle po\u017eadavk\u016f z\u00e1kazn\u00edka a tlou\u0161\u0165ky jeho pen\u011b\u017eenky. Na\u0161e str\u00e1nka v\u0161ak existuje od roku 1997 a tehdy jsme je\u0161t\u011b nevymysleli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 «po\u010d\u00edta\u010de m\u011bs\u00edce». Co kdybychom se ment\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159enesli do dalek\u00e9 minulosti IT pr\u016fmyslu (ne\u017e k samotn\u00e9mu za\u010d\u00e1tku 3DNews, ale dejme tomu p\u0159ed dvaceti lety) a p\u0159edstavili si, jak\u00e1 kombinace za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1? P\u0159i jedn\u00e9 podm\u00ednce \u2013 nebudeme se omezovat finan\u010dn\u00edmi r\u00e1mci a sestav\u00edme po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, na kter\u00fd bude sta\u010dit pouze fantazie, pokud hardware z\u016fstane v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9 doby. A pot\u00e9 prov\u011b\u0159\u00edme, na co byla schopna tehdej\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m sn\u016f v t\u011bch nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hr\u00e1ch na p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, nebo\u0165 na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je bezkompromisn\u00ed hern\u00ed PC.<\/p>\n

Jedno procesorov\u00e1 platforma na Pentium III<\/strong><\/h2>\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru po\u010d\u00edta\u010de podle standard\u016f let 1999\u20132000 m\u016f\u017eete j\u00edt jedn\u00edm ze dvou sm\u011br\u016f, zvolit platformu Intel se st\u0159edov\u00fdm procesorem Pentium III nebo alternativu od AMD na CPU Athlon. P\u0159ed archeologem IT pr\u016fmyslu stoj\u00ed nelehk\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br, nebo\u0165 ob\u011b architektury byly tehdy stejn\u011b dobr\u00e9 pro stavbu v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho hern\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Krom\u011b toho m\u011bly \u010dipy AMD na j\u00e1d\u0159e Thunderbird takovou v\u00fdhodu, jako byly z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desky s podporou pam\u011bti DDR SDRAM. Ti nejinformovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i si mohou v\u0161imnout, \u017ee pro Pentium III existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 desky se sloty DDR nebo dokonce RDRAM, ale to je dodnes exotika, kterou je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 sehnat. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b jsme se rozhodli pro Pentium III \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z sentiment\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, nebo\u0165 v roce 2000 Intel vsadil na novou architekturu NetBurst a \u010dipy Pentium 4. A pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Pentium III t\u00edm p\u00e1dem ud\u011blala te\u010dku za celou epochou, zat\u00edmco Athlon na architektu\u0159e K7 se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b rozv\u00edjel d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n

Po uzav\u0159en\u00ed ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b platformy je t\u0159eba rozhodnout se pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed modifikaci centr\u00e1ln\u00edho procesoru. Pokud se nechceme odch\u00fdlit od kulat\u00e9ho data «20 let zp\u011bt» a dodr\u017eujeme p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 r\u00e1mce roku 1999, v\u00fdb\u011br se omezuje na jeden z model\u016f na j\u00e1d\u0159e Coppermine. Ale poj\u010fme p\u0159esto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it podm\u00ednky \u00fakolu. Co kdy\u017e dot\u00e1hneme platformu Pentium III na maximum jej\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed? Tehdy je v\u00fdb\u011br CPU jasn\u00fd \u2014 je to Pentium III-S na j\u00e1d\u0159e Tualatin s nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed 1,43 GHz! A z\u00e1kladn\u00ed deska mu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u2014 Abit ST6 na chipsetu Intel 815EP. Pam\u011btn\u00edci si pamatuj\u00ed, \u017ee to byla jedna z nejlep\u0161\u00edch desek pro p\u0159etaktov\u00e1n\u00ed Pentium III, tak\u017ee jsme nevynechali p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost p\u0159etaktovat CPU na 1,68 GHz. Sloty pro opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 obsadily t\u0159i moduly PC-133 s celkov\u00fdm objemem 384 MB \u2014 deska unese i dvojn\u00e1sobek pam\u011bti, ale pro hern\u00ed testy to nen\u00ed v\u016fbec nutn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n\n \"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n <\/td>\n\n \"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Deska Abit ST6 postr\u00e1d\u00e1 integrovanou s\u00ed\u0165ovou kartu, proto\u017ee tehdy byl po\u010d\u00edta\u010d bez internetov\u00e9ho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed naprosto norm\u00e1ln\u00edm jevem. Vhodn\u00fd adapt\u00e9r z roku v\u00fdroby 3Com 3C905B-TX standardu 100 Mbit\/s tuto situaci vy\u0159e\u0161il. Na druhou stranu, co se t\u00fd\u010de diskov\u00e9ho subsyst\u00e9mu, trochu jsme podv\u00e1d\u011bli a p\u0159ipojili SSD prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0159adi\u010de PROMISE Technology SATA300 TX2Plus: rychlost na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed OS a program\u016f z IDE disku \u2014 to nejsou ty dojmy, kter\u00e9 bychom cht\u011bli za\u017e\u00edt po des\u00edtk\u00e1ch let.<\/p>\n

Dvouprocesorov\u00e1 platforma na Pentium III<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed deska Abit ST6 a p\u0159etaktovan\u00fd Pentium III-S \u2014 o takov\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di mohli v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s pouze sn\u00edt p\u0159ed 20 lety. Ale jak \u010das uk\u00e1zal, m\u011bly se sn\u00edt o dvouj\u00e1drov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161ina program\u016f pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed PC, nemluv\u011b o hr\u00e1ch, v t\u011bch letech nemohla vyu\u017e\u00edt dva centr\u00e1ln\u00ed procesory, ale v hardwaru takov\u00e1 mo\u017enost byla, a nyn\u00ed jsme ji vyu\u017eili.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n

V pl\u00e1nech na tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se p\u016fvodn\u011b objevila dvousocketov\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed deska ASUS CUV4X-DL \u2014 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nen\u00ed kompatibiln\u00ed s \u010dipy Tualatin, ale m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ijmout dva Pentium III-S po \u00faprav\u011b konektor\u016f (nebo pomoc\u00ed adapt\u00e9r\u016f). Bohu\u017eel, n\u00e1\u0161 kus se uk\u00e1zal jako polomrtv\u00fd, ale dostala se n\u00e1m rovnocenn\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada v podob\u011b Intel SAI2 na chipsetu ServerWorks ServerSet III LE. Krom\u011b toho tato deska umo\u017enila nasadit 2 GB opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti na \u00fakor \u010dty\u0159 registrovan\u00fdch modul\u016f PC-133. Souhlas\u00edte, takov\u00e1 konfigurace ji\u017e vypad\u00e1 docela modern\u011b, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 s SSD \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n\n

\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n\n

\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tato platforma m\u00e1 jedinou kritickou chybu \u2013 chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed slot AGP, co\u017e zna\u010dn\u011b omezuje v\u00fdb\u011br grafick\u00e9 karty pro dvouj\u00e1drov\u00fd Pentium III-S v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Abit ST6. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed deska SAI2 m\u00e1 nejen standardn\u00ed 32bitov\u00e9 sloty PCI, ale tak\u00e9 dva 64bitov\u00e9 sloty PCI-X, pro kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 karty. Jeden z nich jsme osadili RAID kontrolerem Adaptec ASR-2230SLP\/256 pro sb\u011brnici Ultra-320 SCSI a sestavili jsme RAID-0 diskov\u00fd fond ze t\u0159\u00ed pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f Seagate Cheetah 15K.5 s ot\u00e1\u010dkami 15 tis\u00edc ot.\/min. I kdy\u017e ani RAID z t\u0159\u00ed serverov\u00fdch 15tis\u00edcov\u00fdch disk\u016f nem\u016f\u017ee konkurovat SSD, st\u00e1le p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody v rychlosti spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed OS a instalace program\u016f oproti jedin\u00e9mu pevn\u00e9mu disku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n\n

\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Grafick\u00e9 karty<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru grafick\u00fdch karet pro test jsme se op\u011bt v\u00edce orientovali na ur\u010dit\u00fd technologick\u00fd standard ne\u017e na striktn\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e9 r\u00e1mce. Procesor Pentium III-S s frekvenc\u00ed 1,43 GHz se objevil v roce 2002: zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jen chv\u00edli do p\u0159\u00edchodu GeForce 3 a Radeon 8500. Ale programovateln\u00e9 shadery \u2013 to je obrovsk\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed v historii GPU, kde jsme se rozhodli zastavit. Na druhou stranu grafick\u00e9 karty z obdob\u00ed, kdy term\u00edn Graphics Processing Unit (ten vymyslela NVIDIA speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro GeForce 256) je\u0161t\u011b nebyl v ob\u011bhu, tak\u00e9 sotva vyhovuj\u00ed pro sestavu sn\u016f na vrcholn\u00e9m Pentium III. Nejlep\u0161\u00edm spole\u010dn\u00edkem pro takov\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u2013 jak chronologicky, tak historicky \u2013 by byla jedna z ran\u00fdch model\u016f s hardwarov\u00fdm T&L: bu\u010f NVIDIA GeForce 256, nebo ATi Radeon DDR.<\/p>\n

GeForce 256 nepot\u0159ebuje p\u0159edstavov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 je to prvn\u00ed z rodiny GeForce, zalo\u017een\u00fd na procesoru NV10. Obrovsk\u00fd tranzistorov\u00fd rozpo\u010det t\u00e9 doby (17 milion\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdrobn\u00edm procesu 220 nm) umo\u017enil NVIDIA integrovat do GPU geometrick\u00fd blok, kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u011bl transformaci a osv\u011btlen\u00ed polygon\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b potenci\u00e1l t\u00e9to funkce se naplno projevil a\u017e v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch iterac\u00edch architektury, kdy v\u00fdkon centr\u00e1ln\u00edho procesoru nebyl schopen efektivn\u011b obsluhovat GPU, kter\u00e9 postr\u00e1dalo hardwarov\u00e9 T&L.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed pro 3D akceler\u00e1tory byla p\u0159echod od zastaral\u00e9ho standardu SDRAM na pokro\u010dilou DDR SDRAM, co\u017e umo\u017enilo GPU zdvojn\u00e1sobit propustnost opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti. NVIDIA p\u0159edstavila grafickou kartu na b\u00e1zi NV10 s DDR \u010dipy brzy po uveden\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho GeForce 256, ale m\u00edsto n\u00ed jsme zvolili n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed model — GeForce 2 GTS. Ten se od GeForce 256 li\u0161\u00ed nejen typem opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti, ale i zdvojen\u00fdm po\u010dtem texturovac\u00edch blok\u016f. Nav\u00edc m\u00e1 GeForce 2 GTS z\u00e1klady pixelov\u00fdch shader\u016f, kter\u00e9 tehdej\u0161\u00edmi hern\u00edmi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i byly zcela ignorov\u00e1ny. Celkov\u011b je GeForce 2 GTS — pouze pokra\u010dovatelem my\u0161lenek zakotven\u00fdch v GeForce 256.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n

Nejprve vydan\u00fd Radeon, stejn\u011b jako GeForce 256, se pozd\u011bji stal zakladatelem vlastn\u00edho rodokmenu grafick\u00fdch karet. Toto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u\u010dinilo ATi jedn\u00edm z p\u0159edn\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f na trhu diskr\u00e9tn\u00edch GPU — alespo\u0148 z technologick\u00e9ho hlediska. \u010cip R100 obsahoval to nejlep\u0161\u00ed, co v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nab\u00edzela NVIDIA: hardwarov\u00e9 T&L a podporu pam\u011bti DDR SDRAM. Kv\u016fli architektonick\u00fdm charakteristik\u00e1m grafick\u00e9ho procesoru Radeon DDR nem\u011bl vysok\u00fd fillrate ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s GeForce 2 GTS, jeho hlavn\u00edm protivn\u00edkem. Ale R100 m\u011bl d\u016fle\u017eitou v\u00fdhodu — funkci Z-Culling na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch stadi\u00edch pipeliningu. D\u00edky n\u00ed Radeon DDR efektivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 masivn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 DDR \u010dip\u016f a je schopen bojovat s konkurenc\u00ed p\u0159i renderov\u00e1n\u00ed ve 32bitov\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n

V dob\u011b, kdy se objevily GeForce 256 a Radeon DDR, NVIDIA a ATi (a pozd\u011bji AMD) je\u0161t\u011b nestihly rozd\u011blit trh s diskr\u00e9tn\u00edmi grafick\u00fdmi kartami. Sv\u00e9 posledn\u00ed roky pro\u017e\u00edvala spole\u010dnost 3dfx, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jej\u00edm labut\u00edm p\u00edsn\u00ed byl akceler\u00e1tor Voodoo5 5500. Z\u00e1kladem nejlep\u0161\u00ed grafick\u00e9 karty, kterou 3dfx stihla uv\u00e9st na trh, jsou dva \u010dipy VSA-100 propojen\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed rozhran\u00ed SLI; v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i t\u00e9to architektury p\u016fvodn\u011b pl\u00e1novali zvy\u0161ovat v\u00fdkon roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u010dtu diskr\u00e9tn\u00edch GPU na jedn\u00e9 desce (a\u017e do \u010dty\u0159 v r\u00e1mci Voodoo5 6000). Jedin\u00fd procesor VSA-100 se ve sv\u00e9m z\u00e1kladu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neli\u0161\u00ed od \u010dipu Avenger p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace (\u0159ada Voodoo3). Hlavn\u00ed, co 3dfx dok\u00e1zala, je podpora renderov\u00e1n\u00ed v 32bitov\u00e9 barv\u011b, kterou v\u0161echny p\u0159edchoz\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u00e9to firmy postr\u00e1daly. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak pracuj\u00ed dva VSA-100 s opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bt\u00ed SDRAM v tandemu, grafick\u00e1 karta z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 stejnou propustnost pam\u011bti jako pam\u011b\u0165 DDR. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 VSA-100 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost, kter\u00e1 dlouho p\u0159ed\u010dila svou dobu: hardwarov\u00fd buffering, akumuluj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdsledky renderov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika sn\u00edmk\u016f (T-Buffer). D\u00edky T-Bufferu jsou akceler\u00e1toru dostupn\u00e9 efekty, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad vysoce kvalitn\u00ed antialiasing na cel\u00e9 obrazovce, rozmaz\u00e1n\u00ed v pohybu nebo dokonce simulace z\u00e1b\u011bru s otev\u0159enou clonkou d\u00edky rozmaz\u00e1n\u00ed pozad\u00ed. A po mnoha letech se v neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch ovlada\u010d\u00edch pro Voodoo5 objevila funkce do\u010dasn\u00e9ho antialiasingu, kter\u00e1 pracuje s daty n\u011bkolika po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch sn\u00edmk\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n

V\u0161echny uveden\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 karty byly vyr\u00e1b\u011bny v konfiguraci s rozhran\u00edm AGP nebo PCI. A to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jak\u00e1koli z nich najde m\u00edsto v dvoupod\u00edlov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desce Intel SAI2. Bohu\u017eel, testovac\u00ed vzorky GeForce 256, GeForce 2 GTS, Radeon DDR a Voodoo5 5500, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me k dispozici, funguj\u00ed na sb\u011brnici AGP, tak\u017ee pro SAI2 bude t\u0159eba hledat jin\u00e9 mo\u017enosti - nap\u0159\u00edklad klasiku v podob\u011b dvojice Voodoo2 spojen\u00fdch mostem SLI. A pro\u010d tedy nep\u0159idat do testu desku Voodoo3 3000 - alespo\u0148 pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Voodoo5 5500, kter\u00fd je bl\u00edzk\u00fd \u010dipu Avenger z hlediska architektury GPU. Koneckonc\u016f, Voodoo je v\u017edy zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, proto\u017ee GeForce a Radeon jsou st\u00e1le s n\u00e1mi, zat\u00edmco za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed 3dfx nav\u017edy ode\u0161la do historie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n \"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n<\/td>\n <\/td>\n\n \"Nov\u00fd <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Po zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ech pro a proti jsme p\u0159idali do seznamu \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f testov\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed kartu \u2013 akceler\u00e1tor Matrox Parhelia s rozhran\u00edm PCI. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b jsme se dohodli, \u017ee se nebudeme zab\u00fdvat grafick\u00fdmi kartami s programovateln\u00fdmi shadery, a Parhelia je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ze stejn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed a s podobn\u00fdmi schopnostmi jako GeForce 3, GeForce 4 a Radeon 8500. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je Parhelia-512 z roku 2002 jedn\u00edm z posledn\u00edch vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch GPU, kter\u00e9 byly masov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bny na desk\u00e1ch s PCI slotem, a to ne jen tak, ale s 64bitov\u00fdm PCI-X. Jeho testov\u00e1n\u00ed uk\u00e1\u017ee maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon, kter\u00fd lze dos\u00e1hnout na desce Intel SAI2.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd
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Zdroj: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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