{"id":30682,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/bekap-istorii-sem-izobretatelej-o-kotoryh-vy-vozmozhno-ne-slyshali\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:52","slug":"bekap-istorii-sem-izobretatelej-o-kotoryh-vy-vozmozhno-ne-slyshali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/bekap-istorii-sem-izobretatelej-o-kotoryh-vy-vozmozhno-ne-slyshali","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed historie: sedm vyn\u00e1lezc\u016f, o kter\u00fdch jste mo\u017en\u00e1 nesly\u0161eli","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

31. b\u0159ezna se po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b slav\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 a letos pop\u00e1t\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u00edme v\u00fdzkum v\u011bnovan\u00fd z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed. S jeho v\u00fdsledky se m\u016f\u017eete sezn\u00e1mit na na\u0161ich str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch<\/a><\/noindex>. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee podle v\u00fdzkumu 92,7 % spot\u0159ebitel\u016f z\u00e1lohuje sv\u00e1 data alespo\u0148 jednou ro\u010dn\u011b \u2013 to je o 24 % v\u00edce ne\u017e v minul\u00e9m roce. P\u0159itom 65 % respondent\u016f p\u0159iznalo, \u017ee oni nebo jejich p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed za posledn\u00ed rok ztratili data n\u00e1hodou nebo kv\u016fli poruch\u00e1m hardwaru\/softwaru. A to je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 30 % v\u00edce ne\u017e v roce 2018!<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\nJak je vid\u011bt, i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 pam\u011bti z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed nepom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u0161em. Co teprve u slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pam\u011bti historick\u00e9. Kv\u016fli jej\u00edm opomenut\u00edm mnoho vynikaj\u00edc\u00edch mozk\u016f nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9ho uzn\u00e1n\u00ed ani za \u017eivota, ani po smrti. Jejich jm\u00e9na a z\u00e1sluhy se \u00fapln\u011b zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed a objevech se p\u0159isuzuj\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edm osob\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se pokus\u00edme o \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00e9 pam\u011bti a vzpomeneme na n\u011bkter\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zapomenut\u00e9 v\u011bdce a vyn\u00e1lezce, jejich\u017e pr\u00e1ce skl\u00edz\u00edme dnes. A nakonec se zm\u00edn\u00edme o na\u0161em nov\u00e9m R&D odd\u011blen\u00ed v Bulharsku<\/i>, kam aktivn\u011b hled\u00e1me specialisty.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Antonio Meucci \u2013 zapomenut\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce telefonu<\/h2>\n

\nV\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena, \u017ee vyn\u00e1lezcem telefonn\u00ed komunikace je Skot Alexander Graham Bell. Mezit\u00edm Bell nem\u011bl a nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo b\u00fdt naz\u00fdv\u00e1n \u201eotcem telefonie\u201c. Prvn\u00ed, kdo objevil zp\u016fsob p\u0159enosu zvuku pomoc\u00ed elekt\u0159iny a vodi\u010d\u016f, byl Antonio Meucci. Tento Ital vynalezl telefon zcela n\u00e1hodou. Prov\u00e1d\u011bl experimenty v medic\u00edn\u011b a vyv\u00edjel metodu l\u00e9\u010dby lid\u00ed elekt\u0159inou. V jednom z experiment\u016f Antonio p\u0159ipojil gener\u00e1tor a jeho pokusn\u00fd subjekt nahlas pronesl n\u011bjakou fr\u00e1zi. K Meucciho p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed byl hlas jeho asistenta reprodukov\u00e1n za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Vyn\u00e1lezce se za\u010dal zab\u00fdvat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou a po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b skonstruoval prvn\u00ed prototyp syst\u00e9mu pro p\u0159enos hlasu po dr\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\nAntonio Meucci v\u0161ak nebyl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm podnikatelem a jeho objev byl prost\u011b ukraden. Po zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o italsk\u00e9m vyn\u00e1lezu p\u0159i\u0161el do jeho domu z\u00e1stupce spole\u010dnosti Western Union. Byl \u0161t\u011bdr\u00fd v komplimentech a nab\u00eddl Anton\u00ednu slu\u0161nou odm\u011bnu za jeho vyn\u00e1lez. D\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00fd Ital okam\u017eit\u011b \u201evyzradil\u201c v\u0161echny technick\u00e9 podrobnosti sv\u00e9ho prototelefonu. O n\u011bjakou dobu pozd\u011bji dostal Meucci r\u00e1nu do zad \u2013 v novin\u00e1ch se objevila zpr\u00e1va o Bellovi, kter\u00fd p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bl funk\u010dnost telefonn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje. A jeho \u201eshow\u201c byla sponzorov\u00e1na Western Union. Dok\u00e1zat sv\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na vyn\u00e1lez Antonio prost\u011b nedok\u00e1zal, zem\u0159el v chudob\u011b kv\u016fli soudn\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Teprve v roce 2002 p\u0159iznal Kongres USA jm\u00e9no vyn\u00e1lezce, kdy\u017e publikoval rezoluci 269, v n\u00ed\u017e je Antonio Meucci uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n jako skute\u010dn\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce telefonn\u00ed komunikace.<\/p>\n

Rosalind Franklin \u2013 objevitelka DNA<\/h2>\n

\n\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\nBritsk\u00e1 biofyzi\u010dka a rentgenografka Rosalind Franklin je jasn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem diskriminace \u017een ve v\u011bd\u011b. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed poloviny minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed to bylo \u010dast\u00fdm jevem. Rosalind studovala strukturu DNA a prvn\u00ed zjistila, \u017ee DNA se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f a fosf\u00e1tov\u00e9ho skeletu. Sv\u00e9 objevy, potvrzen\u00e9 rentgenov\u00fdmi sn\u00edmky, uk\u00e1zala koleg\u016fm \u2013 Francisovi Crickovi a Jamesi Watsonovi. V d\u016fsledku toho oni z\u00edskali Nobelovu cenu za objev struktury DNA, zat\u00edmco Rosalind Franklin byla nez\u00e1slu\u017en\u011b zapomenuta.<\/p>\n

Boris Rozing \u2013 skute\u010dn\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce televizoru<\/h2>\n

\n\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\nBoris Rozing, rusk\u00fd v\u011bdec s holandsk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za otce televizn\u00ed techniky, proto\u017ee jako prvn\u00ed skonstruoval elektronickou katodu. A\u010dkoliv syst\u00e9my pro p\u0159enos obrazu existovaly i p\u0159ed objevem Borise Rozinga, v\u0161echny m\u011bly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nedostatek \u2013 byly \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b mechanick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V katodov\u00e9 trubici Rosingova elektronov\u00fd paprsek byl odklon\u011bn pomoc\u00ed magnetick\u00e9ho pole induk\u010dn\u00edch c\u00edvek. V p\u0159enosov\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byl pou\u017eit bezinercion\u00e1ln\u00ed fotoelement s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm fotoefektem, zat\u00edmco p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tvo\u0159il syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed katodov\u00e9ho toku a elektronov\u011b trubice s fluorescen\u010dn\u00edm displejem. Rosing\u016fv syst\u00e9m umo\u017enil vzd\u00e1t se opticko-mechanick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u0159enos obr\u00e1zk\u016f ve prosp\u011bch elektronick\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Za sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy se Boris Rosing dostal na\u0159\u010den\u00ed \u2013 byl zat\u010den za pomoc kontrarevolucion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a posl\u00e1n do Archangelsk\u00e9 oblasti bez pr\u00e1va na pr\u00e1ci. A\u010dkoli se mu d\u00edky podpo\u0159e koleg\u016f poda\u0159ilo p\u0159esunout do Archangelska a nastoupit na katedru fyziky Archangelsk\u00e9ho lesotechnick\u00e9ho institutu o rok pozd\u011bji, jeho zdrav\u00ed bylo po\u0161kozeno \u2013 o rok pozd\u011bji zem\u0159el. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 moc o tom neinformovala a titul \u201evyn\u00e1lezce televize\u201c p\u0159idal studentu Borise Rosinga Vladimiru Zvorikinovi. Ten v\u0161ak nikdy netajil, \u017ee v\u0161echna sv\u00e1 vyn\u00e1lezy vznikl na z\u00e1klad\u011b my\u0161lenek sv\u00e9ho u\u010ditele. <\/p>\n

Lev Termen \u2013 skvost rusk\u00e9 v\u011bdy<\/h2>\n

\n\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\nS jm\u00e9nem tohoto v\u011bdce je spojeno mnoho zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lez\u016f, kter\u00e9 by sta\u010dily na skute\u010dn\u00fd \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed rom\u00e1n. Mezi nimi je hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj theremin, syst\u00e9m televizn\u00edho p\u0159enosu \"D\u00e1lkov\u00fd pohled\", bezpilotn\u00ed letouny ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 r\u00e1diem (proto\u00adtypy modern\u00edch k\u0159\u00eddlov\u00fdch raket), odposlechov\u00fd syst\u00e9m \"Buran\", jen\u017e \u010detl informace ze vibrac\u00ed skla v m\u00edstnosti. Ale nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez Termena \u2013 vys\u00edlac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \"Zlatoust\", kter\u00e9 po sedm let dod\u00e1valo tajn\u00e9 informace p\u0159\u00edmo z pracovn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e velvyslance USA v SSSR.<\/p>\n

Konstrukce \"Zlatoust\" byla unik\u00e1tn\u00ed. Fungoval jako detektorov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjima\u010d, vyu\u017e\u00edval energii r\u00e1diov\u00fdch vln, co\u017e umo\u017enilo, aby za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tak dlouho nebylo vl\u00e1dn\u00edmi agenturami USA odhaleno. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby oz\u00e1\u0159ily siln\u00fdm zdrojem na frekvenci rezon\u00e1toru budovu americk\u00e9ho velvyslanectv\u00ed, po \u010dem\u017e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \"se spustilo\" a za\u010dalo p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et zvuk z kancel\u00e1\u0159e velvyslance.<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\n\u0160pion byl skryt v dekorativn\u00ed vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 kopii Velk\u00e9 pe\u010deti Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e1 byla americk\u00e9mu velvyslanci darov\u00e1na pion\u00fdry z \u201eAr\u0165oku\u201c. Objevili ho zcela n\u00e1hodou. I po tom ameri\u010dt\u00ed specialist\u00e9 dlouho nemohli pochopit, jak p\u0159esn\u011b to funguje. Z\u00e1padn\u00edm v\u011bdc\u016fm trvalo jeden a p\u016fl roku, ne\u017e se s t\u00edmto \u00fakolem vypo\u0159\u00e1dali a vytvo\u0159ili alespo\u0148 p\u0159ibli\u017enou funk\u010dn\u00ed analogii \u201eZlatousta\u201c.<\/p>\n

Dieter Rams: inspir\u00e1tor designu elektroniky Apple<\/h2>\n

\n\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\nJm\u00e9no Dietera Ramse je spojeno se spole\u010dnost\u00ed Braun, kde pracoval jako pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd designer od roku 1962 do 1995. Pokud si v\u0161ak mysl\u00edte, \u017ee design techniky, vyvinut\u00e9 pod jeho veden\u00edm, u\u017e nen\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed, m\u00fdl\u00edte se.<\/p>\n

Stoj\u00ed za to prozkoumat ran\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce Ramse, a je jasn\u00e9, odkud design\u00e9\u0159i spole\u010dnosti Apple \u010derpali inspiraci. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kapesn\u00ed r\u00e1dio Braun T3 velmi p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 design ran\u00fdch model\u016f iPod. Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 jednotka Power Mac G5 vypad\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u011b jako r\u00e1dio Braun T1000. Porovnejte sami:
\n\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\nPr\u00e1v\u011b Dieter Rams bezchybn\u011b formuloval hlavn\u00ed principy modern\u00edho designu - prakti\u010dnost, jednoduchost, spolehlivost. Na jejich z\u00e1klad\u011b jsou vyv\u00edjena t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echna modern\u00ed elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed hladk\u00e9 tvary a obsahuj\u00ed minimum prvk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Mimochodem, Rams tak\u00e9 stanovil n\u011bkter\u00e9 principy pou\u017eit\u00ed barev v elektronice. Zejm\u00e9na vymyslel ozna\u010den\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtka nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dervenou barvou a vynalezl barevnou indikaci \u00farovn\u011b hlasitosti, kter\u00e1 m\u011bn\u00ed barvu s rostouc\u00ed amplitudou.<\/p>\n

William Moggridge a Alan Kay: p\u0159edci modern\u00edch notebook\u016f<\/h2>\n

\nAlan Curtis Kay je dal\u0161\u00edm designerem, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1ce ur\u010dila vzhled osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a filozofii rozhran\u00ed modern\u00ed techniky. S p\u0159\u00edchodem mikroelektroniky bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010d u\u017e nen\u00ed m\u00edstnost pln\u00e1 sk\u0159\u00edn\u00ed. A pr\u00e1v\u011b Alan vymyslel koncept prvn\u00edho p\u0159enosn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. V maket\u011b jeho Dynabook, vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 v roce 1968, je snadno rozpoznateln\u00fd jak modern\u00ed notebook, tak tablet.<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\nDal\u0161\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e na\u0161e obvykl\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vypadaj\u00ed tak, jak vypadaj\u00ed, je William Grant Moggridge. V roce 1979 vynalezl kloubov\u00fd mechanismus skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed notebooku. Tento mechanismus se pozd\u011bji za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat i v skl\u00e1dac\u00edch telefonech, hern\u00edch konzol\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. <\/p>\n

\u00a0\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\nNa\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed dnes maj\u00ed talentovan\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezci mnoho p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, jak o sob\u011b a sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci vypr\u00e1v\u011bt \u2013 d\u00edky internetu. My v Acronis tak\u00e9 pracujeme na tom, aby se d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace neztr\u00e1cely. A budeme r\u00e1di, kdy\u017e n\u00e1m s t\u00edm pom\u016f\u017eete.<\/p>\n

Zveme v\u00e1s do Acronis Bulgaria<\/h2>\n

\nDnes m\u00e1 Acronis otev\u0159eno 27 kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, kde pracuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 1300 lid\u00ed. V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce Acronis z\u00edskala spole\u010dnost T-Soft, co\u017e vedlo k otev\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho R&D centra Acronis Bulgaria v Sofii, kter\u00e9 by se m\u011blo v budoucnu st\u00e1t nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\nB\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed let pl\u00e1nujeme investovat do nov\u00e9ho centra 50 milion\u016f dolar\u016f a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it t\u00fdm na 300 lid\u00ed. My hled\u00e1me<\/a><\/noindex> celou \u0159adu r\u016fzn\u00fdch specialist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed budou rozv\u00edjet technologie kybernetick\u00e9 ochrany, podporovat provoz datov\u00fdch center a vyv\u00edjet p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 produkty a slu\u017eby \u2013 to jsou v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i na Python\/Go\/C++, podpora technick\u00fdch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f, Q&A a dal\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

B\u011bhem st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1me nov\u00fdm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm s dokumenty, dan\u011bmi, interakc\u00ed s \u00fa\u0159ady a obecn\u011b poskytujeme poradenstv\u00ed ve v\u0161ech ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch. Plat\u00edme jednosm\u011brn\u00e9 letenky pro celou rodinu zam\u011bstnance, d\u00e1vky na bydlen\u00ed a d\u011bti a tak\u00e9 poskytujeme \u010d\u00e1stku na za\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed bytu a bytovou kauci. Nakonec organizujeme sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se zem\u00ed a v\u00fduku jazyka, pom\u00e1h\u00e1me otev\u0159\u00edt bankovn\u00ed \u00fa\u010det, naj\u00edt \u0161kolu\/posilovnu a dal\u0161\u00ed instituce. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, zanech\u00e1v\u00e1me kontakty pro p\u0159\u00edpady nouze.<\/p>\n

\u00dapln\u00fd seznam voln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst je k dispozici zde<\/a><\/noindex>, a na t\u00e9to stejn\u00e9 str\u00e1nce m\u016f\u017eete poslat \u017eivotopis. Budeme r\u00e1di za va\u0161e reakce!<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\n\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n
\n\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed
\nZdroj: vagabond.bg<\/i>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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