{"id":30858,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","slug":"pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","title":{"rendered":"Prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd genom m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed syntetick\u00fdch forem \u017eivota.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0161echny sekvence DNA prozkouman\u00fdch forem \u017eivota jsou ulo\u017eeny v datab\u00e1zi pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edmu centru biologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed v USA. A 1. dubna se v datab\u00e1zi objevila nov\u00e1 polo\u017eka: \u201eCaulobacter ethensis-2.0\u201c. Je to prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b pln\u011b po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem modelovan\u00fd a n\u00e1sledn\u011b syntetizovan\u00fd syntetick\u00fd genom \u017eiv\u00e9ho organismu, vyvinut\u00fd v\u011bdci z ETH Curych (\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 technick\u00e1 \u0161kola v Curychu). Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee a\u010dkoliv byl genom C. ethensis-2.0 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1n ve form\u011b velk\u00e9 molekuly DNA, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fd organismus zat\u00edm neexistuje.<\/p>\n

\"Prvn\u00ed<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumnou pr\u00e1ci provedli Bit Kristen, profesor experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 biologie, a jeho bratr Matthias Kristen \u2014 chemik. Nov\u00fd genom, nazvan\u00fd Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, byl vytvo\u0159en o\u010distou a optimalizac\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho k\u00f3du bakterie Caulobacter crescentus \u2014 bez\u0161kodn\u00e9 bakterie \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed ve sladk\u00e9 vod\u011b po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.  <\/p>\n

\"Prvn\u00ed
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P\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti lety t\u00fdm pod veden\u00edm genetiky Craiga Ventera vytvo\u0159il prvn\u00ed \u201esyntetickou\u201c bakterii. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce v\u011bdci syntetizovali kopii genomu Mycoplasma mycoides, kter\u00e1 byla pot\u00e9 implantov\u00e1na do hostitelsk\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, je\u017e se stala zcela \u017eivotaschopnou a zachovala si schopnost samoreprodukce.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum pokra\u010duje v pr\u00e1ci Kraigera. Zat\u00edmco d\u0159\u00edve v\u011bdci vytvo\u0159ili digit\u00e1ln\u00ed model DNA skute\u010dn\u00e9ho organismu a na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b syntetizovali molekulu, nov\u00fd projekt jde d\u00e1l a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 origin\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u00f3d DNA. V\u011bdci ho v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159epracovali, ne\u017e ho syntetizovali a otestovali jeho funk\u010dnost.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci za\u010dali s p\u016fvodn\u00edm genomem C. crescentus, kter\u00fd obsahuje 4000 gen\u016f. Stejn\u011b jako u v\u0161ech \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto gen\u016f nenese \u017e\u00e1dnou informaci a je \u201eodpadn\u00ed DNA\u201c. Po proveden\u00e9 anal\u00fdze dosp\u011bli v\u011bdci k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee pouze p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 680 z nich je nezbytn\u00fdch pro udr\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota bakterie v laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Po odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u201eodpadn\u00ed DNA\u201c a z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edho genomu C. crescentus t\u00fdm pokra\u010doval v pr\u00e1ci. Pro DNA \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f je charakteristick\u00e9, \u017ee obsahuje vestav\u011bnou nadbyte\u010dnost, spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v tom, \u017ee synt\u00e9zu stejn\u00e9ho proteinu k\u00f3duj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 geny na n\u011bkolika m\u00edstech \u0159et\u011bzce. V\u011bdci nahradili v\u00edce ne\u017e 1\/6 z 800 000 p\u00edsmen DNA b\u011bhem optimalizace zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na odstran\u011bn\u00ed duplicovan\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n

«D\u00edky na\u0161emu algoritmu jsme kompletn\u011b p\u0159epracovali genom do nov\u00e9 sekvence p\u00edsmen DNA, kter\u00e1 se ji\u017e nepodob\u00e1 p\u016fvodn\u00ed», \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Bit Kristen, spolupracovn\u00edk autora studie. «Biologick\u00e1 funkce na \u00farovni synt\u00e9zy b\u00edlkovin p\u0159itom z\u016fstala nezm\u011bn\u011bna».<\/p>\n

Aby zjistili, zda z\u00edskan\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec bude spr\u00e1vn\u011b fungovat v \u017eiv\u00e9 bu\u0148ce, v\u011bdci vyp\u011bstovali kmen bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00fd m\u011bl ve sv\u00e9 DNA jak p\u0159irozen\u00fd genom Caulobacter, tak \u010d\u00e1sti um\u011bl\u00e9ho genomu. V\u011bdci deaktivovali jednotliv\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 geny a testovali schopnost jejich um\u011bl\u00fdch analog\u016f plnit stejnou biologickou roli. V\u00fdsledek byl dost impozantn\u00ed: p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 580 z 680 um\u011bl\u00fdch gen\u016f se uk\u00e1zalo jako funk\u010dn\u00edch.<\/p>\n

«D\u00edky z\u00edskan\u00fdm znalostem budeme moci zlep\u0161it n\u00e1\u0161 algoritmus a vyvinout novou verzi genomu 3.0», \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Kristen. «V\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti vytvo\u0159\u00edme \u017eiv\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed bu\u0148ky s pln\u011b syntetick\u00fdm genem».<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi takov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy pomohou genetik\u016fm ov\u011b\u0159it spr\u00e1vnost jejich znalost\u00ed o DNA a roli jednotliv\u00fdch gen\u016f v n\u00ed, proto\u017ee jak\u00e1koliv chyba v synt\u00e9ze \u0159et\u011bzce povede k tomu, \u017ee organismus s nov\u00fdm genomem zahyne nebo bude ne\u00fapln\u00fd. V budoucnu v\u0161ak povedou k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed syntetick\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f, kter\u00e9 budou vytv\u00e1\u0159eny pro p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e9 \u00fakoly. Um\u011bl\u00e9 viry budou schopny bojovat se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi, zat\u00edmco speci\u00e1ln\u00ed bakterie budou produkovat vitam\u00edny nebo l\u00e9ky.<\/p>\n

Studie byla publikov\u00e1na v \u010dasopise PNAS.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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(\u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22841,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd genom m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed syntetick\u00fdch forem \u017eivota | ProHoster","description":"V\u0161echny sekvence DNA zkouman\u00fdch organism\u016f jsou ulo\u017eeny v datab\u00e1zi pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edmu centru biotechnologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed v USA.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 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