{"id":31147,"date":"2019-10-31T21:39:44","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:39:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/umerit-appetity-neskolko-sposobov-povysheniya-energoeffektivnosti-data-tsentrov\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:39:44","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:39:44","slug":"umerit-appetity-neskolko-sposobov-povysheniya-energoeffektivnosti-data-tsentrov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/umerit-appetity-neskolko-sposobov-povysheniya-energoeffektivnosti-data-tsentrov","title":{"rendered":"\u201eUtlumit chut\u011b\u201c: N\u011bkolik zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost datov\u00fdch center","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed efektivn\u00edho provozu datov\u00fdch center se dnes vynakl\u00e1d\u00e1 velmi mnoho elektrick\u00e9 energie. V roce 2013 byla pouze datov\u00fdmi centry ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech spot\u0159ebov\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 91 miliard kilowatthodin energie, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed produkci 34 velk\u00fdch uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren.<\/p>\n

Elektrick\u00e1 energie z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jednou z hlavn\u00edch polo\u017eek n\u00e1klad\u016f pro spole\u010dnosti vlastn\u00edc\u00ed datov\u00e1 centra, a proto se sna\u017e\u00ed o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> efektivity provozu v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed infrastruktury. K tomu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, o n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nich si dnes pov\u00edme.<\/p>\n

\"\u201eUtlumit<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Torkild Retvedt<\/a><\/noindex> CC<\/a><\/noindex><\/i>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Virtualizace<\/h3>\n

\nKdy\u017e se mluv\u00ed o zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti, virtualizace m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik nezpochybniteln\u00fdch v\u00fdhod. Za prv\u00e9, konsolidace st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch slu\u017eeb na men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed hardwarov\u00fdch server\u016f \u0161et\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu \u201a\u017eeleza\u2018, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na chlazen\u00ed, elektrickou energii a zabran\u00e9 plochy. Za druh\u00e9, virtualizace umo\u017e\u0148uje optimalizovat vyu\u017eit\u00ed hardwarov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a flexibiln\u011b p\u0159erozd\u011blovat<\/a><\/noindex> virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed kapacity p\u0159\u00edmo b\u011bhem provozu.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnosti NRDC a Anthesis provedly spole\u010dn\u00fd studie<\/a><\/noindex> a zjistily, \u017ee p\u0159i v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b 3100 server\u016f za 150 virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch hostitel\u016f lze dos\u00e1hnout sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na elekt\u0159inu o 2,1 milionu dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b. Organizace, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159edm\u011btem z\u00e1jmu, u\u0161et\u0159ila na \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b a n\u00e1kupu vybaven\u00ed, zredukovala po\u010det syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1tor\u016f, z\u00edskala z\u00e1ruku obnoven\u00ed dat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jak\u00fdchkoli probl\u00e9m\u016f a zbavila se nutnosti stav\u011bt dal\u0161\u00ed datov\u00e9 centrum.<\/p>\n

Podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdzkumy<\/noindex> Gartner, v roce 2016 p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 virtualizace mnoha spole\u010dnost\u00ed 75 % a samotn\u00fd trh bude ocen\u011bn na 5,6 miliardy dolar\u016f. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak ur\u010dit\u00e9 faktory, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed virtualizace. Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 slo\u017eitost \u201ap\u0159estavby\u2018 datov\u00fdch center na nov\u00fd model provozu, proto\u017ee n\u00e1klady na to \u010dasto p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos.<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spot\u0159eby energie<\/h3>\n

\nTyto syst\u00e9my umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zlep\u0161it energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost chladic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu nebo sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu energie IT za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co\u017e nakonec vede k minimalizaci n\u00e1klad\u016f. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed software<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00fd sleduje aktivitu server\u016f, spot\u0159ebu a n\u00e1klady na elekt\u0159inu, automaticky p\u0159erozd\u011bluje z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e a dokonce i vyp\u00edn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z typ\u016f softwaru pro spr\u00e1vu spot\u0159eby energie jsou syst\u00e9my pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed infrastruktury datov\u00fdch center (DCIM), kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro kontrolu, anal\u00fdzu a progn\u00f3zov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazatel\u016f energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina n\u00e1stroj\u016f DCIM nen\u00ed ur\u010dena pro p\u0159\u00edmou kontrolu spot\u0159eby energie IT a jin\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale mnoho syst\u00e9m\u016f je vybaveno kalkul\u00e1tory PUE (Power usage effectiveness). Podle \u00fadaj\u016f Intel a Dell DCIM takov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> 53 % IT mana\u017eer\u016f.<\/p>\n

Dnes je v\u011bt\u0161ina hardwaru ji\u017e zam\u011b\u0159ena na hospod\u00e1rnou spot\u0159ebu energie, ale p\u0159i n\u00e1kupu \"\u017eeleza\" se \u010dasto v\u00edce pozornosti v\u011bnuje po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed cen\u011b nebo v\u00fdkonu ne\u017e celkov\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na vlastnictv\u00ed, co\u017e vede k tomu, \u017ee energeticky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezpozorov\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex>. Krom\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00fa\u010dt\u016f za elekt\u0159inu toto vybaven\u00ed sni\u017euje<\/a><\/noindex> i mno\u017estv\u00ed CO2 vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho do atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n

Kompresce dat<\/h3>\n

\nExistuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b z\u0159ejm\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti datov\u00fdch center, nap\u0159\u00edklad sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed objemu uchov\u00e1van\u00fdch dat. Komprese m\u00e1lo pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch dat m\u016f\u017ee<\/a><\/noindex> m\u016f\u017ee u\u0161et\u0159it a\u017e 30 % energie, i kdy\u017e je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu, \u017ee na kompresi a dekompresi jsou tak\u00e9 spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1ny zdroje. Deduplication dat m\u016f\u017ee uk\u00e1zat je\u0161t\u011b atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky \u2013 40\u201350 %. Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159eby elekt\u0159iny tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed low-power \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 pro \"chladn\u00e1\" data.<\/p>\n

Vypnut\u00ed \"zombie server\u016f\"<\/h3>\n

\nJedn\u00edm z probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 vedou k neefektivn\u00edmu utr\u00e1cen\u00ed elekt\u0159iny v datov\u00fdch centrech, je nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci pova\u017euj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nejsou schopny skute\u010dn\u011b odhadnout pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zdroj\u016f, zat\u00edmco ostatn\u00ed nakupuj\u00ed serverov\u00e9 kapacity s v\u00fdhledem do budoucna. V d\u016fsledku toho je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 30 % server\u016f nevyu\u017eit\u00fdch, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 spot\u0159ebu energie ve v\u00fd\u0161i 30 miliard dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Podle v\u00fdzkumu IT mana\u017ee\u0159i nedok\u00e1\u017eou<\/a><\/noindex> identifikovat 15 a\u017e 30 % nainstalovan\u00fdch server\u016f, ale neodepisuj\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch n\u00e1sledk\u016f. Pouze 14 % dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch m\u011blo evidenci nevyu\u017eit\u00fdch server\u016f a v\u011bd\u011blo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00fd jejich po\u010det.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch cloud\u016f s modelem platby pay-as-you-go, kdy spole\u010dnost plat\u00ed pouze za skute\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 kapacity. Takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ji\u017e funguje \u0159ada firem, a majitel datov\u00e9ho centra Aligned Energy v Plano, Texas, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee to klient\u016fm umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u0161et\u0159it od 30 do 50 % ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1va mikroklimatu datov\u00e9ho centra<\/h3>\n

\nNa energetickou efektivitu datov\u00e9ho centra m\u00e1 vliv<\/a><\/noindex> mikroklima m\u00edstnosti, ve kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Pro efektivn\u00ed provoz chladic\u00edch jednotek je nezbytn\u00e9 minimalizovat ztr\u00e1ty chladu, izolov\u00e1n\u00edm datov\u00e9ho centra od vliv\u016f vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zabra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm tepeln\u00fdm v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00e1m p\u0159es st\u011bny, strop a podlahu. Skv\u011bl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem je paroz\u00e1brana, kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 reguluje \u00farove\u0148 vlhkosti v m\u00edstnosti.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 vlhkost m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k r\u016fzn\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m v provozu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu opot\u0159eben\u00ed a korozi, zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit vznik elektrostatick\u00e9ho v\u00fdboje. ASHRAE<\/a><\/noindex> ur\u010duje optim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 relativn\u00ed vlhkosti pro datov\u00e9 centrum v rozmez\u00ed 40 a\u017e 55 %.<\/p>\n

Efektivn\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed vzduchov\u00fdch proud\u016f m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 u\u0161et\u0159it 20\u201325 % spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 energie. K tomu pom\u016f\u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed rack\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: rozd\u011blen\u00ed strojoven datov\u00e9ho centra na \u201echladn\u00e9\u201c a \u201ehork\u00e9\u201c chodby. Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zajistit izolaci chodeb: um\u00edstit perforovan\u00e9 desky na pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 m\u00edsta a pou\u017e\u00edvat panely-z\u00e1stopky mezi \u0159adami server\u016f k zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edsen\u00ed vzduchov\u00fdch proud\u016f.<\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 promyslet nejen um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed klimatiza\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. P\u0159i d\u011blen\u00ed prostoru na \"chladn\u00e9\" a \"tepl\u00e9\" chodby by m\u011bly b\u00fdt klimatizace instalov\u00e1ny kolmo k tepl\u00fdm vzdu\u0161n\u00fdm proud\u016fm, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo pronik\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto proud\u016f do chodby s chladn\u00fdm vzduchem.<\/p>\n

Nem\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem efektivn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed teploty v datov\u00fdch centrech je um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed kabel\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou br\u00e1nit pohybu vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch proud\u016f, sni\u017eovat statick\u00fd tlak a zhor\u0161ovat \u00fa\u010dinnost chlazen\u00ed IT za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Situaci lze napravit p\u0159esunut\u00edm kabelov\u00fdch \u017elab\u016f z podlahy k stropu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159irozen\u00e9 a kapalinov\u00e9 chlazen\u00ed<\/h3>\n

\nSkv\u011blou alternativou speci\u00e1ln\u00edm klimatiza\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016fm je p\u0159irozen\u00e9 chlazen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze vyu\u017e\u00edt v chladn\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. Dne\u0161n\u00ed technologie umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159epnout na ekonomiz\u00e9r, kdy\u017e to po\u010das\u00ed dovol\u00ed. Podle v\u00fdzkumu Battelle Laboratories p\u0159irozen\u00e9 chlazen\u00ed sni\u017euje n\u00e1klady na elekt\u0159inu datov\u00fdch center o 13%.<\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed dva typy ekonomiz\u00e9r\u016f: ti, kte\u0159\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze such\u00fd vzduch, a ti, kte\u0159\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00e9 zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i nedostate\u010dn\u00e9m chlazen\u00ed vzduchu. N\u011bkter\u00e9 syst\u00e9my mohou kombinovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy ekonomiz\u00e9r\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159et v\u00edce\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak vzduchov\u00e9 chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9my \u010dasto nejsou efektivn\u00ed kv\u016fli m\u00edsen\u00ed vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch proud\u016f nebo nemo\u017enosti vyu\u017e\u00edt odv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9 teplo. D\u00e1le instalace takov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f obvykle zahrnuje dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na vzduchov\u00e9 filtry a nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mnoz\u00ed odborn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee kapalinov\u00e9 chlazen\u00ed si s t\u00edmto \u00fakolem l\u00e9pe porad\u00ed. Z\u00e1stupce d\u00e1nsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Asetek, specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na v\u00fdvoj syst\u00e9m\u016f kapalinov\u00e9ho chlazen\u00ed server\u016f, John Hamill, je si jist\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex>, uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee kapalina je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 tis\u00edckr\u00e1t efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z hlediska uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159enosu tepla ne\u017e vzduch. A b\u011bhem experimentu, kter\u00fd provedl Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ve spolupr\u00e1ci se spole\u010dnost\u00ed American Power Conversion a Silicon Valley Leadership Group, bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee d\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed kapaln\u00e9ho chlazen\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edvodu vody z chladi\u010de se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech \u00faspora energie dost\u00e1vala a\u017e na 50%.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00e9 technologie<\/h3>\n

\nDnes existuj\u00ed t\u0159i sm\u011bry, jejich\u017e rozvoj pom\u016f\u017ee u\u010dinit pr\u00e1ci datov\u00fdch center efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00edcej\u00e1drov\u00fdch procesor\u016f, integrovan\u00e9 chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9my a chlazen\u00ed na \u00farovni mikroobvod\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdrobci po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee v\u00edcej\u00e1drov\u00e9 procesory, dokon\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce \u00faloh za krat\u0161\u00ed dobu, sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie server\u016f o 40%. P\u0159\u00edkladem efektivity integrovan\u00e9ho chladic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed CoolFrame od spole\u010dnosti Egenera a Emerson Network Power. Toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed odeb\u00edr\u00e1 hork\u00fd vzduch vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze server\u016f, chlazuje ho a \u201evypou\u0161t\u00ed\u201c ho do m\u00edstnosti, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sni\u017euje z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na hlavn\u00ed syst\u00e9m o 23%.<\/p>\n

Co se t\u00fd\u010de technologie<\/a><\/noindex> chlazen\u00ed mikroobvod\u016f, umo\u017e\u0148uje odv\u00e1d\u011bt teplo p\u0159\u00edmo z \u201ehork\u00fdch bod\u016f\u201c serveru, jako jsou centr\u00e1ln\u00ed procesorov\u00e9 jednotky, grafick\u00e9 procesorov\u00e9 jednotky a pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 moduly, do okoln\u00edho vzduchu stojanu nebo mimo strojovnu.<\/p>\n

Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 efektivity se dnes stalo skute\u010dn\u00fdm trendem, co\u017e nikterak nep\u0159ekvapuje, vezmeme-li v \u00favahu objemy spot\u0159eby datov\u00fdch center: 25\u201340% v\u0161ech provozn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na platby za elekt\u0159inu. Hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m v\u0161ak spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd kilowatt-hodina spot\u0159ebovan\u00e1 IT za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm se p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na teplo, kter\u00e9 je n\u00e1sledn\u011b odstra\u0148ov\u00e1no pomoc\u00ed chladic\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edho velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie. Proto v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech nebude sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 spot\u0159eby datov\u00fdch center p\u0159estat b\u00fdt aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u2013 budou se objevovat st\u00e1le nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 efektivity datov\u00fdch center.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly z na\u0161eho blogu na Habru:<\/p>\n