{"id":31305,"date":"2019-10-31T21:40:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:40:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:34","slug":"realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","title":{"rendered":"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Technologie zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pou\u017eit\u00ed SSD, \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 ve storage area networks (S\u00c1N), byly ji\u017e d\u00e1vno vynalezeny. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se jedn\u00e1 o pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed SSD jako \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho prostoru, co\u017e je 100% efektivn\u00ed, ale drah\u00e9. Proto se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed technologie tieringu a cachingu, kde jsou SSD pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pouze pro nej\u017e\u00e1dan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (\u201ehork\u00e1\u201c) data. Tiering je dobr\u00fd pro sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e dlouhodob\u00e9ho (dny-t\u00fddny) pou\u017eit\u00ed \u201ehork\u00fdch\u201c dat. Naopak caching je ur\u010den pro kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 (minuty-hodiny) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Ob\u011b tyto varianty jsou realizov\u00e1ny ve S\u00c1N. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/goods\/sistemyi-xraneniya-dannyix\/\">QSAN XCubeSAN<\/a><\/noindex>. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na implementaci druh\u00e9ho algoritmu \u2013 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/soft\/san-os-4.0\/ssd-keshirovanie-(qcache-2.0).html\">SSD cachingu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/e2e97119a949509f4a3fe8e17a4238ac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Podstatou technologie SSD cachingu je pou\u017eit\u00ed SSD jako mezikroku mezi pevn\u00fdmi disky a opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bt\u00ed kontrol\u00e9ru. V\u00fdkon SSD je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdkon vlastn\u00ed cache kontrol\u00e9ru, ale objem je o \u0159\u00e1d vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Proto z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me jak\u00fdsi kompromis mezi rychlost\u00ed a objemem.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Indikace pro pou\u017eit\u00ed SSD cache na \u010dten\u00ed:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159evaha operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed nad operacemi z\u00e1pisu (nej\u010dast\u011bji charakteristick\u00e9 pro datab\u00e1ze a webov\u00e9 aplikace);<\/li>\n<li>Existence \u00fazk\u00e9ho m\u00edsta v podob\u011b v\u00fdkonu pole pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>Objem \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fdch dat je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e objem SSD cache.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Indikacemi pro pou\u017eit\u00ed SSD cache na \u010dten\u00ed + z\u00e1pis jsou ty sam\u00e9 d\u016fvody, s v\u00fdjimkou charakteru operac\u00ed \u2013 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd typ (nap\u0159\u00edklad souborov\u00fd server).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina dodavatel\u016f S\u00c1N pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve sv\u00fdch produktech SSD cache pouze pro operace \u010dten\u00ed. Principi\u00e1ln\u00edm rozd\u00edlem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/\">QSAN <\/a><\/noindex>od nich je mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat cache tak\u00e9 pro z\u00e1pis. Pro aktivaci funkce SSD cachingu ve S\u00c1N QSAN je t\u0159eba zakoupit samostatnou licenci (dod\u00e1v\u00e1 se v elektronick\u00e9 podob\u011b).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>SSD cache in XCubeSAN is physically implemented as separate SSD cache pools. The system can have up to four such pools. Each pool uses its own set of SSDs. In the properties of the virtual disk, we determine whether it will use the cache pool and which one specifically. Enabling and disabling cache usage for volumes can be done online without stopping input\/output. Additionally, SSDs can be added to or removed from the pool on the fly. When creating an SSD cache pool, it is necessary to select the mode in which it will operate: read-only or read+write. This affects its physical organization. Since there can be multiple cache pools, their functionality may vary (meaning the system may have both read-only and read+write cache pools simultaneously).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In case the cache pool is used only for reading, it can consist of 1-8 SSDs. The disks do not necessarily have to be of the same size or from the same vendor, as they are combined in an NRAID+ structure. All SSDs in the pool are used collectively. The system tries to parallelize incoming requests across all SSDs to achieve maximum performance. If one of the SSDs fails, nothing critical will happen: the cache contains just a copy of the data stored on the hard disk array. The available SSD cache space will just decrease (or become zero in the case of an initial SSD cache from a single drive).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1e592445ff41335c844e0a47b2e664c3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>If the cache is used for read + write operations, the number of SSDs in the pool must be even since the contents are mirrored across pairs of drives (using an NRAID 1+ structure). Cache duplication is necessary because it may contain data that has not yet been written to the hard disks. In this case, if an SSD in the cache pool fails, it would lead to data loss. However, in an NRAID 1+ setup, the SSD failure will simply result in the cache operating in 'read-only' mode with unsaved data being flushed to the hard disk array. After replacing the faulty SSD, the cache will return to its original mode of operation. For added security, dedicated hot spares can be assigned to caches operating in read + write mode.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/61c6ba4b29ab31c3ded112b12f8103ce.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed funkce SSD caching v XCubeSAN existuje \u0159ada po\u017eadavk\u016f na objem pam\u011bti ovlada\u010d\u016f STHD: \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 pam\u011bti, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objem cache poolu bude k dispozici.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/40da0dba6094c55adaa54b8d9cbc1bcd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny v\u00fdrobc\u016f STHD, kte\u0159\u00ed nab\u00edzej\u00ed pouze mo\u017enost zapnut\u00ed\/vypnut\u00ed SSD cache, QSAN poskytuje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 vybrat re\u017eim pr\u00e1ce cache v z\u00e1vislosti na povaze z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. Existuj\u00ed t\u0159i p\u0159ednastaven\u00e9 \u0161ablony, kter\u00e9 jsou nejbl\u00ed\u017ee k odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m: datab\u00e1ze, souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, webov\u00e1 slu\u017eba. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee spr\u00e1vce vytvo\u0159it sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed profil s po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi hodnotami parametr\u016f: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Velikost bloku (Cache Block Size) \u2013 1\/2\/4 MB<\/li>\n<li>Po\u010det po\u017eadavk\u016f na \u010dten\u00ed bloku, aby byl zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n do cache (Populate-on-Read Threshold) \u2013 1..4<\/li>\n<li>Po\u010det po\u017eadavk\u016f na z\u00e1pis bloku, aby byl zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n do cache (Populate-on-Write Threshold) \u2013 0..4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b584e87c4b067ac06a4b78063007f31f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Profily lze m\u011bnit 'za chodu', ale samoz\u0159ejm\u011b s vymaz\u00e1n\u00edm obsahu cache a jej\u00edm nov\u00fdm 'nah\u0159\u00e1t\u00edm'.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed principu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed SSD cache lze vy\u010dlenit hlavn\u00ed operace, kter\u00e9 s n\u00edm souvisej\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#1\">\u010cten\u00ed dat, kdy\u017e nejsou v cache;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#2\">\u010cten\u00ed dat, kdy\u017e jsou p\u0159\u00edtomna v cache;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#3\">Z\u00e1pis dat p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed cache pro \u010dten\u00ed;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#4\">Z\u00e1pis dat p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed cache pro \u010dten\u00ed + z\u00e1pis.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"1\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c9f70934f1d9bed5ad60c716bcd3ed30.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>\u010cten\u00ed dat, kdy\u017e nejsou v cache<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Po\u017eadavek od hostitele p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k \u0159adi\u010di;<\/li>\n<li>Jeliko\u017e po\u017eadovan\u00e1 data nejsou v SSD cache, jsou na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na z pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>Na\u010dten\u00e1 data jsou odesl\u00e1na hostiteli. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se prob\u00edh\u00e1 kontrola, zda jsou tyto bloky 'hork\u00e9';<\/li>\n<li>Pokud ano, jsou zkop\u00edrov\u00e1na do SSD cache pro budouc\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"2\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/9eac4b4cf003fb310101b3981dfed177.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>\u010cten\u00ed dat, kdy\u017e jsou p\u0159\u00edtomna v cache<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Po\u017eadavek od hostitele p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k \u0159adi\u010di;<\/li>\n<li>Jeliko\u017e po\u017eadovan\u00e1 data jsou v SSD cache, jsou na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na odtud;<\/li>\n<li>Na\u010dten\u00e1 data jsou odesl\u00e1na hostiteli.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"3\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ae1f52f5882f19916f0b49b0619dae41.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Z\u00e1pis dat p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed cache pro \u010dten\u00ed <\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dost o z\u00e1pis od hostitele p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k \u0159adi\u010di;<\/li>\n<li>Data jsou zapisov\u00e1na na pevn\u00e9 disky;<\/li>\n<li>Hostiteli je zasl\u00e1na odpov\u011b\u010f o \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m z\u00e1pisu;<\/li>\n<li>Sou\u010dasn\u011b se kontroluje, zda je blok 'hork\u00fd' (srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 se parametr Populate-on-Write Threshold). Pokud ano, je zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n do SSD cache pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"4\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b69debdc836e3c1d93f64aa8724dd322.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Z\u00e1pis dat p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed cache pro \u010dten\u00ed + z\u00e1pis<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dost o z\u00e1pis od hostitele p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k \u0159adi\u010di;<\/li>\n<li>Data jsou zapisov\u00e1na do SSD cache;<\/li>\n<li>Hostiteli je zasl\u00e1na odpov\u011b\u010f o \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m z\u00e1pisu;<\/li>\n<li>Data from SSD cache is written to hard disks in the background.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Check in progress <\/h2>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Testovac\u00ed stanice<\/b><\/p>\n<p>2 servers (CPU: 2 x Xeon E5-2620v3 2.4Hz \/ RAM: 32GB) are connected via two ports directly to the XCubeSAN XS5224D (16GB RAM\/controller) through Fibre Channel 16G.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>16 x Seagate Constellation ES, ST500NM0001, 500GB, SAS 6Gb\/s were used, combined in RAID5 (15+1) for the data array and 8 x HGST Ultrastar SSD800MH.B, HUSMH8010BSS200, 100GB, SAS 12Gb\/s as cache.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>2 volumes were created: one for each server. <\/p>\n<h3>Test 1. SSD cache read-only with 1-8 SSDs<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I\/O Type: Customization<\/li>\n<li>Cache Block Size: 4MB<\/li>\n<li><b>Populate-on-read Threshold: 1<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-write Threshold: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Pattern<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tool: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Workers: 1<\/li>\n<li>Outstanding (Queue Depth): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Access Specifications: 4KB, 100% Read, 100% Random<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6d9f4d3912d066662067fba52eb0e938.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/665aa2f35d5d78bdb4a128eaea55faf2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In theory, the more SSDs in the cache pool, the higher the performance. This has been confirmed in practice. The only significant increase in the number of SSDs with a small number of volumes does not lead to explosive effects. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Test 2. SSD cache in read + write mode with 2-8 SSDs<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> I\/O Type: Customization<\/li>\n<li>Cache Block Size: 4MB<\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-read Threshold: 1<\/li>\n<li><b>Populate-on-write Threshold: 1 <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Pattern<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tool: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Workers: 1<\/li>\n<li>Outstanding (Queue Depth): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Access Specifications: 4KB, 100% Write, 100% Random <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6177fe7ef2c74045d760ba94598acb34.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/2e1f749b827d43dd3fa8dcd33243bd9e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The same result: explosive performance growth and scaling with an increasing number of SSDs.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In both tests, the volume of working data was less than the total cache size. Therefore, over time, all blocks were copied to the cache. The work was essentially performed with SSDs, leaving hard disks practically untouched. The goal of these tests was to clearly demonstrate the efficiency of cache warming and scaling performance based on the number of SSDs.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Now let's return to reality and check a more realistic scenario where the volume of data exceeds the cache size. To complete the test in a reasonable time (the 'warming' period of the cache significantly increases with the size of the volume), we'll limit the volume size to 120GB. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Test 3. Emulation of database operation <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <b>I\/O Type: Database<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Cache Block Size: 1MB<\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-read Threshold: 2<\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-write Threshold: 1 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Pattern<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tool: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Workers: 1<\/li>\n<li>Outstanding (Queue Depth): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Access Specifications: 8KB, 67% Read, 100% Random<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace SSD cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v S\u0160D QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/949b9fc604cf3a932ebf308d19fc9ff1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Verdikt <\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>An obvious conclusion is the good efficiency of using SSD cache to enhance the performance of any storage system. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/goods\/sistemyi-xraneniya-dannyix\/\">QSAN XCubeSAN<\/a><\/noindex> Toto tvrzen\u00ed plat\u00ed v pln\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e: funkce SSD cachingu je realizov\u00e1na v\u00fdborn\u011b. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 podpory re\u017eim\u016f \u010dten\u00ed a \u010dten\u00ed + z\u00e1pisu, flexibiln\u00edho nastaven\u00ed pro jak\u00e9koli sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a tak\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdkonu syst\u00e9mu. Proto za velmi rozumnou cenu (cena licence odpov\u00edd\u00e1 cen\u011b 1-2 SSD) lze v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skilline\/blog\/432366\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 SSD \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0421\u0425\u0414, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e 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