{"id":31389,"date":"2019-10-31T21:40:59","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/upravlenie-znaniyami-cherez-modeli-kompetentsij\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:40:59","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:59","slug":"upravlenie-znaniyami-cherez-modeli-kompetentsij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/upravlenie-znaniyami-cherez-modeli-kompetentsij","title":{"rendered":"Spr\u00e1va znalost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompeten\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eMatrix\u201c \u2014 film bratr\u016f a sester Wachovsk\u00fdch \u2014 je nabit\u00fd v\u00fdznamy: filozofick\u00fdmi, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi a kulturn\u00edmi, a n\u011bkdy v n\u011bm nach\u00e1zej\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.ru\/titr\/motor\/conspiracy\">teorie spiknut\u00ed.<\/a><\/noindex>Existuje je\u0161t\u011b jeden v\u00fdznam \u2014 t\u00fdmov\u00fd. V t\u00fdmu je zku\u0161en\u00fd t\u00fdmov\u00fd l\u00eddr a mlad\u00fd specialista, kter\u00e9ho je t\u0159eba rychle za\u0161kolit, integrovat do t\u00fdmu a poslat splnit \u00fakol. Ano, je zde specifika s ko\u017een\u00fdmi pl\u00e1\u0161ti a slune\u010dn\u00edmi br\u00fdlemi uvnit\u0159, ale jinak je to film o t\u00fdmov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci a znalostech.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Spr\u00e1va znalost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompeten\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/58d84ea59e65b4fcb2ffc32d159b6719.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa p\u0159\u00edkladu \u201eMatrixu\u201c uk\u00e1\u017eu, pro\u010d \u0159\u00eddit znalosti v t\u00fdmu, jak integrovat \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed znalost\u00ed do pracovn\u00edho procesu, co znamen\u00e1 \u201ekompetence\u201c a \u201emodely kompetenc\u00ed\u201c, jak hodnotit odborn\u00e9 znalosti a p\u0159ed\u00e1vat zku\u0161enosti. A tak\u00e9 proberu p\u0159\u00edpady: odchod cenn\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance, chci v\u00edce vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed znalost\u00ed v procesu v\u00fdvoje.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"EvOp1dHLxkk\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/EvOp1dHLxkk\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdmov\u00e9 l\u00eddry tr\u00e1p\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. <strong>Jak rychleji a kvalitn\u011bji postavit super t\u00fdm?<\/strong> Vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee rozpo\u010dty jsou, projekty existuj\u00ed, ale chyb\u00ed lid\u00e9 nebo se pomalu za\u0161koluj\u00ed. <strong>Jak neztratit cenn\u00e9 znalosti? <\/strong>Lid\u00e9 ob\u010das odch\u00e1zej\u00ed nebo nov\u00e1 veden\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: \u201eMus\u00edme sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det zam\u011bstnanc\u016f o 10 %. Ale a\u0165 se nic nezhrout\u00ed!\u201c <strong>Bude se konat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/knowledgeconf.ru\/2019\">KnowledgeConf<\/a><\/noindex> afterparty?<\/strong> Na v\u0161echny tyto ot\u00e1zky n\u00e1m odpov\u00edd\u00e1 jedna discipl\u00edna \u2014 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed znalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed znalost\u00ed \u2014 kl\u00ed\u010d k odpov\u011bd\u00edm<\/h2>\n<p>\nUr\u010dit\u011b m\u00e1te zku\u0161enosti s t\u00edm, jak vychov\u00e1vat t\u00fdm nebo jak propou\u0161t\u011bt lidi, ale zku\u0161enosti s organizov\u00e1n\u00edm ve\u010d\u00edrk\u016f po konferenc\u00edch mo\u017en\u00e1 nem\u00e1te. Zept\u00e1te se, jak\u00fd to m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00fd jmenovatel? V uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si akc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>S ot\u00e1zkou, jak pracovat s lidmi, jsem p\u0159istupoval smyslupln\u011bji po slovech HR:<\/p>\n<p><i> \u2014 Pot\u0159ebuje\u0161 seniorn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, ale co kdybychom najali juniory, a ty si seniory s\u00e1m vychov\u00e1\u0161?<br \/>\n<\/i><br \/>\n<strong>Kolik \u010dasu potrv\u00e1, ne\u017e ud\u011bl\u00e1\u0161 ze juniora seniora?<\/strong> 2 roky, 5 let, 25? A kolik trv\u00e1 vyvinout web konferen\u010dn\u00edho centra? <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/knowledgeconf.ru\/2019\">KnowledgeConf<\/a><\/noindex>? \u041d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b-\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0438\u0447\u0438: \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u0410 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lidi lze tak\u00e9 dekomponovat.<\/strong>Ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s lze digitalizovat a rozlo\u017eit na \u201eatomy\u201c znalost\u00ed, dovednost\u00ed a schopnost\u00ed. To lze snadno demonstrovat na p\u0159\u00edkladu p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu z \u201eMatrixu\u201c \u2014 filmu, kter\u00e9mu je u\u017e 20 let.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00edtejte v Matrixu.<\/h2>\n<p>\nPro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed nevid\u011bli nebo si u\u017e nepamatuj\u00ed, kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 nekanonick\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed d\u011bje. Seznamte se, hrdinov\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed hrdina \u2014 Morfeus. Tenhle chlap\u00edk ovl\u00e1dal r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy bojov\u00fdch um\u011bn\u00ed a nab\u00edzel lidem tablety.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Spr\u00e1va znalost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompeten\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/a56cd84354d1426afa638ff9f31c7c2a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Podivn\u00e1 \u017eena P\u00fdthia, m\u00e1 su\u0161enky a je or\u00e1kulum. Ale te\u010f je v Rusku m\u00f3dn\u00ed importn\u00ed substituce, tak\u017ee \u2014 prorokyn\u011b. P\u00fdthia byla zn\u00e1m\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee odpov\u00eddala na ot\u00e1zky nech\u00e1pav\u00fdmi fr\u00e1zemi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Spr\u00e1va znalost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompeten\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/9db4297e787287d6967428e905575a60.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dva vyhazova\u010di a \u010dlenov\u00e9 t\u00fdmu \u2014 Neo a Trinity.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Spr\u00e1va znalost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompeten\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/56e6300d0dd4f46e9df2e8723d392eee.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Jednou byl Morfeus p\u0159isti\u017een s tabletami a odvlekl si ho do sv\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1bu 'agent bezpe\u010dnosti' Smith s volac\u00edm jm\u00e9nem 'Elf'. Trinity a Neo se rozhodli Morfeuse vysvobodit z vazby. Nerozum\u011bli, jak to ud\u011blat, a proto se rozhodli zeptat se chytr\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. P\u0159i\u0161li za P\u00fdthi\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><em>NiT: \u2014 Jak dostaneme Morfeuse ven?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>P: \u2014 A co m\u00e1te pro to, co um\u00edte?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>K vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 schopnosti nebo kompetence \u2014 <strong>schopnosti \u0159e\u0161it ur\u010dit\u00fd druh \u00faloh<\/strong>. Jak\u00e9 kompetence jsou t\u00fdmu pot\u0159eba k dosa\u017een\u00ed jeho c\u00edl\u016f?<\/p>\n<h2>Kompetence<\/h2>\n<p>\nKa\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 je kombinac\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed komponent.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Kompetence \u2014 to jsou znalosti, dovednosti a charakter.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nPrvn\u00ed dva slo\u017eky jsou <strong>na\u0161e dovednosti nebo Hard Skills<\/strong>. N\u011bco v\u00edme a um\u00edme \u2014 jeden v\u00ed, jak se dostat z Petrohradu do Moskvy, jin\u00fd pro\u010d jsou poklopy kulat\u00e9. Jsou tak\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 dovednosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad rychl\u00e9 psan\u00ed nebo um\u011bn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat klikr. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s m\u00e1 <strong>charakterov\u00e9 vlastnosti \u2014 to jsou Soft Skills<\/strong>. V\u0161e dohromady \u2014 to jsou kompetence. Neo a Trinity maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 kompetence: Neo um\u011bl l\u00e9tat, a Trinity dob\u0159e st\u0159\u00edlela.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Soubor kompetenc\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje jednat smyslupln\u011bji, kompetentn\u011bji a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bji.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Model kompetenc\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>\nPod\u00edvejme se na p\u0159\u00edkladu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, z \u010deho se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 model kompetenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Praxe a n\u00e1stroje. <\/strong>Abychom mohli programovat, mus\u00edme zn\u00e1t alespo\u0148 jeden programovac\u00ed jazyk, principy budov\u00e1n\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, um\u011bt testovat. Tak\u00e9 um\u00edme pou\u017e\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje \u2014 syst\u00e9my pro spr\u00e1vu verz\u00ed, IDE, jsme obezn\u00e1meni s praktikami \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2014 Scrum nebo Kanban.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Person\u00e1l a pr\u00e1ce s n\u00edm<\/strong>. To jsou kompetence spojen\u00e9 se formov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u00fdmu a prac\u00ed v n\u011bm, s poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby a motivov\u00e1n\u00edm zam\u011bstnanc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oborov\u00e1 oblast<\/strong>. To jsou znalosti a dovednosti v konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oborov\u00e9 oblasti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 svou, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nebo men\u0161\u00ed: fintech, retail, blockchain nebo vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed atd.<\/p>\n<p>Vra\u0165me se k 'Matrixu'. V\u0161echny kompetence, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 t\u00fdm Nea a Trinity, odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed na t\u0159i jednoduch\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky: <strong>co d\u011bl\u00e1me, jak to d\u011bl\u00e1me <\/strong>a <strong>kdo to d\u011bl\u00e1<\/strong>. Kdy\u017e P\u00fdthia o tom mluvila s Neem a Trinitou, rozumn\u011b poznamenali: \u201eSkv\u011bl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, ale v\u016fbec nech\u00e1peme, jak postavit model na\u0161ich kompetenc\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n<h2>Jak postavit model kompetenc\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>\nPokud chcete postavit model kompetenc\u00ed, abyste ho pak pou\u017eili ve sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, za\u010dn\u011bte zamy\u0161len\u00edm nad t\u00edm, co d\u011bl\u00e1te.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte model na z\u00e1klad\u011b proces\u016f. Krok za krokem dekomponujte, jak\u00e9 dovednosti, schopnosti a znalosti jsou pot\u0159eba k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1ze va\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Co je pot\u0159eba k \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu dokon\u010den\u00ed procesu<\/h3>\n<p>\nKompetence, kter\u00e9 Neo a Trinity pot\u0159ebovali ke osvobozen\u00ed Morfea, zahrnovaly dovednosti st\u0159elby, akrobatick\u00fdch kousk\u016f, sk\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed a zbit\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ec\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty. Pot\u00e9 museli pochopit, kam j\u00edt \u2014 dovednost orientace v budov\u011b a u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdtahu. Na z\u00e1v\u011br se hodilo pilotov\u00e1n\u00ed helikopt\u00e9ry, st\u0159elba z kulometu a pou\u017eit\u00ed lana. Krok za krokem Neo a Trinity ur\u010dovali pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 dovednosti a vytvo\u0159ili model kompetenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 \u010dinnost se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na znalosti a dovednosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho \u00fakolu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nAle sta\u010d\u00ed jen model, aby se dal pou\u017e\u00edt v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed znalost\u00ed? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee ne. Samotn\u00fd seznam pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed \u2014 to je bezcenn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. Dokonce i v \u017eivotopisu.<\/p>\n<p>Abychom l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli, jak \u0159\u00eddit znalosti, pot\u0159ebujeme <strong>ch\u00e1pat \u00farove\u0148 t\u011bchto znalost\u00ed ve va\u0161em t\u00fdmu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Hodnocen\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b znalost\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nAby rozhodli, kdo co bude d\u011blat b\u011bhem z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 operace, mus\u00ed Neo a Trinity pochopit, kdo ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 jak\u00e9 dovednosti nejl\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pro hodnocen\u00ed se hod\u00ed jak\u00fdkoli syst\u00e9m<\/strong>. M\u011b\u0159te to t\u0159eba r\u016f\u017eov\u00fdmi slony, jen aby byl syst\u00e9m jednotn\u00fd. Pokud hodnot\u00edte jedny zam\u011bstnance v hro\u0161\u00edch a druh\u00e9 v papou\u0161c\u00edch, bude t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 je mezi sebou srovn\u00e1vat. I se sou\u010dinitelem x38.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Vymyslete jednotn\u00fd hodnot\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nNejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1me ze \u0161koly \u2014 jsou zn\u00e1mky od 0 do 5. Nula znamen\u00e1 \u00fapln\u00e9 nula \u2014 co jin\u00e9ho by mohlo znamenat? P\u011btka \u2014 \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bco nau\u010dit. Nap\u0159\u00edklad j\u00e1 mohu nau\u010dit stavbu model\u016f kompetenc\u00ed \u2014 m\u00e1m p\u011btku. Mezi t\u011bmito hodnotami jsou dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1dy: byl na konferenc\u00edch, p\u0159e\u010detl knihu, \u010dasto praktikuje.<\/p>\n<p>Mohou existovat i jin\u00e9 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my. M\u016f\u017eete si zvolit jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed variantu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Spr\u00e1va znalost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompeten\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6579a2ac9163485072a7a08ffa6150e4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Je zde pouze 4 varianty, tak\u017ee se snadno nezapletete.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bez znalost\u00ed, bez praxe<\/strong> \u2014 to nen\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 \u010dlov\u011bk, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se nepod\u011bl\u00ed o sv\u00e9 znalosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1 znalosti a praxi<\/strong> \u2014 m\u016f\u017ee se ur\u010dit\u011b pod\u011blit o znalosti. Bereme!<\/li>\n<li>Dva mezivzd\u00e1len\u00e9 body \u2014 je t\u0159eba p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, kde \u010dlov\u011bka vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u016f\u017eeme to zt\u00ed\u017eit. M\u011b\u0159it hloubku a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku, jak to d\u011bl\u00e1me v Cloveri.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Spr\u00e1va znalost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompeten\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/141bee1b7ba020587851477af1d22aed.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Rozhodli jste se pro m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko? Ale jak hodnotit \u00farove\u0148 kompetenc\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi disponujete nebo v\u00e1\u0161 t\u00fdm?<\/p>\n<h3>Obvykl\u00e9 metody hodnocen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\n<strong>Sebehodnocen\u00ed<\/strong>. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob vymyslel Neo. \u0158ekl: \u201eZn\u00e1m kung-fu!\u201c, a mnoz\u00ed uv\u011b\u0159ili \u2014 kdy\u017e to \u0159ekl, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee to zn\u00e1 \u2014 p\u0159ece jen vyvolen\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Metoda sebehodnocen\u00ed funguje, ale m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 nuance. M\u016f\u017eete zam\u011bstnanci po\u017e\u00e1dat, aby ohodnotil, jak ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 ur\u010ditou dovednost. Ale jakmile se tento v\u00fdsledek za\u010dne dot\u00fdkat n\u011bjak\u00fdch pen\u011bz \u2014 <strong>\u00farove\u0148 znalost\u00ed se najednou zvy\u0161uje. <\/strong>P\u0161\u0161\u0161! A v\u0161ichni jsou experti. Proto, jakmile se u hodnocen\u00ed objev\u00ed pen\u00edze, ihned sebehodnocen\u00ed dejte k ledu.<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00e1 nuance \u2014 <strong>effekt Dunning-Kruger<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Nekvalifikovan\u00ed nech\u00e1pou svou nekvalifikovanost pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 nekvalifikovanosti.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n<strong>Rozhovor s experty. <\/strong>Jsme zv\u00e1ni do firem, abychom hodnotili \u00farove\u0148 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, abychom mohli pl\u00e1novat jejich rozvoj. Zam\u011bstnanci vypl\u0148uj\u00ed sebehodnocen\u00ed podle sv\u00fdch <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cloveri.com\/start\">kompetenc\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, my se na n\u011b d\u00edv\u00e1me: \u201eSkv\u011bl\u00e9, dal\u0161\u00ed expert, te\u010f si popov\u00edd\u00e1me\u201c. Ale p\u0159i rozhovoru \u010dlov\u011bk rychle p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 vypadat jako expert. \u010casto se to st\u00e1v\u00e1 s juniory, n\u011bkdy s mid-level. A\u017e na ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00farovni rozvoje specialisty lze na sebehodnocen\u00ed spolehnout s jistotou.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e Neo \u0159ekl, \u017ee zn\u00e1 kung-fu, Morfeus navrhl ov\u011b\u0159it, \u010d\u00ed kung-fu je siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <strong>v praxi. <\/strong>Okam\u017eit\u011b bylo jasn\u00e9 \u2014 Neo to mohl pouze \u0159\u00edkat, Bruce Lee nebo to zvl\u00e1dnout.<\/p>\n<p>Praxe je nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou. Stanoven\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed kompetence prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm praktick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a trv\u00e1 d\u00e9le ne\u017e rozhovor. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jsem se z\u00fa\u010dastnil sout\u011b\u017ee \u201eL\u00edd\u0159i Ruska\u201c a celkem n\u00e1s testovali 5 dn\u00ed, abychom ur\u010dili \u00farove\u0148 v 10 kompetenc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj praktick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je drah\u00fd, proto se \u010dasto omez\u00ed na prvn\u00ed dv\u011b metody: <strong>sebehodnocen\u00ed <\/strong>a <strong>rozhovor s experty<\/strong>Mohou to b\u00fdt extern\u00ed experti nebo tak\u00e9 \u010dlenov\u00e9 va\u0161eho t\u00fdmu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen t\u00fdmu je p\u0159ece v n\u011b\u010dem odborn\u00edkem.<\/p>\n<h3>Matrice kompetenc\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nTak\u017ee kdy\u017e se Neo a Trinity chystali zachr\u00e1nit Morpheuse, nejprve zjistili, jak\u00e9 kompetence jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edho procesu. Pot\u00e9 se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b ohodnotili a rozhodli, \u017ee st\u0159\u00edlet bude Neo. Trinity mu na za\u010d\u00e1tku pom\u016f\u017ee, ale pak bude pilotovat vrtuln\u00edk, proto\u017ee Neo m\u00e1 s vrtuln\u00edky probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Spr\u00e1va znalost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompeten\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/aea49ec62a972b7d04dc3c2b92d8ef79.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Model spolu s hodnocen\u00edm n\u00e1m poskytuje matice kompetenc\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nTakto i vhodn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed znalost\u00ed dovedlo Nea a Trinity k v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a zachr\u00e1nili Morpheuse.<\/p>\n<h2>Jak \u0159\u00eddit pomoc\u00ed model\u016f<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o chlape\u010dc\u00edch v br\u00fdl\u00edch a ko\u017een\u00fdch kalhot\u00e1ch je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd, ale co to m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s v\u00fdvojem? P\u0159ejdeme k p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm pou\u017eit\u00ed modelu kompetenc\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, kter\u00fd byl postaven na va\u0161ich procesech.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br<\/h3>\n<p>\nKa\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se obrac\u00ed na HR pro nov\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance, sly\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zku: \u201eKoho vlastn\u011b pot\u0159ebuje\u0161?\u201c Pro rychlou odpov\u011b\u010f vezmeme popis pracovn\u00ed pozice p\u0159edchoz\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka a po\u0161leme hledat n\u011bkoho podobn\u00e9ho. Je to spr\u00e1vn\u00e9? Ne.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00dakolem vedouc\u00edho je sni\u017eovat po\u010det \u00fazk\u00fdch m\u00edst v t\u00fdmu.<\/strong>\u010c\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b m\u00e1te kompetenc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 pouze jeden \u010dlov\u011bk, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe pro t\u00fdm. M\u00e9n\u011b \u00fazk\u00fdch m\u00edst = v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed propustnost t\u00fdmu = pr\u00e1ce jde rychleji. P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka tedy vyu\u017eijte matice kompetenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Hlavn\u00ed krit\u00e9rium p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru \u2014 jak\u00e9 dovednosti, kter\u00e9 va\u0161e t\u00fdmu chyb\u00ed, t\u00edmto \u010dlov\u011bkem uzav\u0159ete.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nTak zv\u00fd\u0161\u00edte propustnost va\u0161eho t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka, na kterou je t\u0159eba odpov\u011bd\u011bt p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed pozice: <strong>\u201eKdo <em>ve skute\u010dnosti<\/em> n\u00e1s pot\u0159ebuje?\u201c<\/strong> Z\u0159ejm\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f \u2014 ne v\u017edy spr\u00e1vn\u00e1. Kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me, \u017ee m\u00e1me probl\u00e9my s v\u00fdkonem syst\u00e9mu, je nutn\u00e9 k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u017edy br\u00e1t architekta? Ne, n\u011bkdy sta\u010d\u00ed koupit a nastavit \u201e\u017eelezo\u201c. A to jsou zcela jin\u00e9 dovednosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Adaptace<\/h3>\n<p>\nJak rychleji p\u0159izp\u016fsobit specialisty, kte\u0159\u00ed ned\u00e1vno p\u0159i\u0161li do t\u00fdmu a zat\u00edm jsou na zku\u0161ebn\u00ed dob\u011b? Dobr\u00e9 je, kdy\u017e existuje znalostn\u00ed b\u00e1ze, a kdy\u017e je aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u2014 to je v\u016fbec skv\u011bl\u00e9. Ale je tu h\u00e1\u010dek. Ten se t\u00fdk\u00e1 toho, \u017ee se \u010dlov\u011bk u\u010d\u00ed t\u0159emi zp\u016fsoby.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00edky teorii<\/strong> \u2014 \u010dte knihy, \u010dl\u00e1nky na Habru, chod\u00ed na konference.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00edky pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong>P\u016fvodn\u011b jsme spole\u010densk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata \u2013 prvn\u00ed opice vzala klacek, uhodila s n\u00edm druhou, a t\u0159et\u00ed zorganizovala kurz \u201eSedm efektivn\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed klacku\u201c. Proto sledov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkoho je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd zp\u016fsob u\u010den\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159es praxi.<\/strong> V\u011bdci, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed kognitivn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee prvn\u00ed zp\u016fsob je dobr\u00fd, druh\u00fd je skv\u011bl\u00fd, ale nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm praxe. Bez praxe je adaptace pomalej\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPraxe? Hod\u00edme \u010dlov\u011bka rovnou do boje? Ale s\u00e1m to mo\u017en\u00e1 nezvl\u00e1dne. <br \/>\n Proto mu obvykle d\u00e1me mentora. N\u011bkdy to nefunguje:<\/p>\n<p><em> \u2013 M\u00e1m spoustu vlastn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a je\u0161t\u011b mi na tohle nalo\u017eili. Ty jsi t\u00fdmov\u00fd vedouc\u00ed, dost\u00e1v\u00e1\u0161 za to zaplaceno, postarej se o n\u011bj s\u00e1m!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Proto varianta, kterou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me p\u0159i budov\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1nu rozvoje t\u00fdmu, je: <strong>mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch mentor\u016f pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 dovednosti.<\/strong>Expert na prototypov\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 frontendistovi p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed prototyp\u016f, expert na testov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010d\u00ed ps\u00e1t testy nebo alespo\u0148 ukazuje, co obvykle d\u011bl\u00e1, s jak\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji a kontroln\u00edmi seznamy.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Mikrou\u010den\u00ed a mentorstv\u00ed velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu specialist\u016f funguje l\u00e9pe ne\u017e jeden mentor.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nFunguje to tak\u00e9 l\u00e9pe, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina probl\u00e9m\u016f ve firm\u00e1ch souvis\u00ed s komunikac\u00ed. Pokud si \u010dlov\u011bka hned nau\u010d\u00edte hodn\u011b komunikovat a vym\u011b\u0148ovat si informace, mo\u017en\u00e1 se probl\u00e9my s komunikac\u00ed ve firm\u011b neobjev\u00ed. Proto, \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce lid\u00ed se pod\u00edl\u00ed na adaptaci \u010dlov\u011bka, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n<h3>Rozvoj<\/h3>\n<p>\n<em> \u2013 Kde naj\u00edt \u010das na \u0161kolen\u00ed? Nem\u00e1m \u010das na pr\u00e1ci!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te modely kompetenc\u00ed, je pro v\u00e1s snaz\u0161\u00ed pochopit, jak se u\u010dit p\u0159\u00edmo b\u011bhem pr\u00e1ce. Jak\u00fd praktick\u00fd \u00fakol d\u00e1t, aby se \u010dlov\u011bk nabyl znalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoz\u00ed z v\u00e1s znaj\u00ed <strong>Eisenhowerovu matici<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, co lze delegovat a co vykon\u00e1vat sami. Tady je jej\u00ed analogie pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed znalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Spr\u00e1va znalost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompeten\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/f76fbca244d5131fa34681b1044a6ee4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e chcete neust\u00e1le kultivovat znalosti v t\u00fdmu, d\u011blejte to alespo\u0148 ob\u010das v p\u00e1rech \u2013 <strong>nechte lidi d\u011blat jednu v\u011bc sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/strong>I kdy\u017e je to nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, nechte nov\u00e1\u010dka, a\u0165 se na tom pod\u00edl\u00ed s expertem \u2013 alespo\u0148 a\u0165 si zapisuje, pro\u010d expert tuto \u00falohu \u0159e\u0161\u00ed zrovna tak, a a\u0165 se pt\u00e1, co mu nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9 \u2013 pro\u010d tentokr\u00e1t restartoval server, ale minule to neud\u011blal.<\/p>\n<p>V ka\u017ed\u00e9m \u010dtverci matice je v\u017edy \u010dinnost pro druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. Nov\u00e1\u010dek to v\u011bt\u0161inou zvl\u00e1dne s\u00e1m, ale ob\u010das je pot\u0159eba ho dohl\u00ed\u017eet nebo mu aktivn\u011b pom\u00e1hat.<\/p>\n<p>Toto je zp\u016fsob, jak u\u010dit lidi, kdy\u017e nen\u00ed \u010das na \u0161kolen\u00ed, ale je pouze \u010das na pr\u00e1ci. Zapojte zam\u011bstnance do t\u011bch v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou v dan\u00e9m okam\u017eiku schopni zvl\u00e1dnout, a rozv\u00edjejte je v pr\u016fb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n<h3>Kari\u00e9ra<\/h3>\n<p>\nKa\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdmov\u00fd vedouc\u00ed se jednou setk\u00e1 se zam\u011bstnancem, kter\u00fd se pt\u00e1: \u201e<em>Jak mohu vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat v\u00edce?\u201c <\/em>A mus\u00ed nal\u00e9hav\u011b vymyslet, co mus\u00ed zam\u011bstnanec ud\u011blat, aby mu za t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce zv\u00fd\u0161ili plat.<\/p>\n<p>S matic\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed m\u00e1te odpov\u011bdi v kapse. P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee t\u00fdm je nutn\u00e9 duplikovat a maxim\u00e1ln\u011b rozprost\u0159\u00edt znalosti mezi r\u016fzn\u00e9 lidi. Pokud v\u00edte, kde je probl\u00e9m v t\u00fdmu, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b prvn\u00ed \u00fakol pro dotazuj\u00edc\u00edho je zlep\u0161it tuto oblast.<\/p>\n<p>Jakmile za\u010dnete pou\u017e\u00edvat kompeten\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, okam\u017eit\u011b to zah\u00e1j\u00ed smyslupln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sm\u011br rozvoje zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. S matic\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed je v\u017edy odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku, jak vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat v\u00edce.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Abychom vyd\u011bl\u00e1vali v\u00edce \u2014 rozv\u00edjejte pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 kompetence t\u00fdmu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nAle bu\u010fte opatrn\u00ed. \u010cast\u00e1 chyba, kterou pozorujeme p\u0159i poradenstv\u00ed firm\u00e1m \u2014 ud\u00e1vat sm\u011br bez toho, abyste se zeptali na p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka j\u00edt t\u00edmto sm\u011brem. Existuje motivace? Chce se rozv\u00edjet v zat\u011b\u017eovac\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo se v\u011bnovat automatizaci test\u016f?<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd moment, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o rozvoji \u010dlov\u011bka \u2014 to je <strong>pochopit jeho motivaci<\/strong>: \u010demu se chce nau\u010dit, co ho zaj\u00edm\u00e1. <strong>Pokud \u010dlov\u011bka nezaj\u00edm\u00e1, znalosti neproniknou. <\/strong>N\u00e1\u0161 mozek je nastaven tak, \u017ee se velmi boj\u00ed zm\u011bn. <strong>Zm\u011bny jsou drah\u00e9, bolestiv\u00e9 a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed energii.<\/strong>. Mozek chce p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, proto se pokou\u0161\u00ed jak\u00fdmkoliv zp\u016fsobem unikat nov\u00fdm znalostem. J\u00edt na ob\u011bd nebo si zakou\u0159it. Nebo si hr\u00e1t. Nebo \u010d\u00edst soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Ano, ud\u011blat to, co obvykle d\u011bl\u00e1me, kdy\u017e se pot\u0159ebujeme n\u011bco nau\u010dit.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud nen\u00ed motivace \u2014 u\u010den\u00ed je zbyte\u010dn\u00e9. Proto je lep\u0161\u00ed u\u010dit po kousk\u00e1ch, ale to, co je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9. Kdy\u017e je mozku n\u011bco zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, nen\u00ed mu l\u00edto pod\u011blit se o energii kv\u016fli nov\u00fdm znalostem.<\/p>\n<h3>Odchod<\/h3>\n<p>\nCo d\u011blat se znalostmi zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed odch\u00e1zej\u00ed? N\u011bkdy se stane, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk odejde z firmy. \u010casto, po tom, co podepsal v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f a pr\u00e1skl dve\u0159mi, se uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee se zab\u00fdval n\u011b\u010d\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm, na co se zapomn\u011blo. To je probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e m\u00e1te matici kompetenc\u00ed, ch\u00e1pete, kde jsou \u00fazk\u00e1 m\u00edsta, kdo je jedine\u010dn\u00e1 osoba, kter\u00e1 um\u00ed st\u0159\u00edlet nebo \u0159\u00eddit vrtuln\u00edk. Jako t\u00fdmov\u00fd vedouc\u00ed byste m\u011bli <strong>\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my, d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e nastanou.<\/strong>: pokud m\u00e1te pouze jednoho \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd um\u00ed \u0159\u00eddit vrtuln\u00edk, nau\u010dte to n\u011bkoho dal\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Duplikujte lidi, d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e odejdou<\/strong> nebo je sraz\u00ed autobus. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je nezapomenout, \u017ee duplikovat se mus\u00ed i vy sami. Hodn\u00fd t\u00fdmov\u00fd vedouc\u00ed je ten, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee odej\u00edt a t\u00fdm st\u00e1le pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n<p>A nakonec.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>To, co nech\u00e1peme, n\u00e1s d\u011bs\u00ed. To, co n\u00e1s d\u011bs\u00ed, se sna\u017e\u00edme co nejv\u00edce ignorovat.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nExistuj\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed smyslupln\u011bji \u0159\u00eddit management v organizaci. Jedn\u00edm z nich je <strong>model \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong> na z\u00e1klad\u011b <strong>digitalizace procesu a lid\u00ed<\/strong> pro smyslupln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mana\u017eer\u016f. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto modelu l\u00e9pe naj\u00edm\u00e1me, rozv\u00edj\u00edme a \u0159\u00edd\u00edme lidi, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme produkty a slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<p>Aplikujte kompeten\u010dn\u00ed modely, bu\u010fte smyslupln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi mana\u017eery.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Pokud v\u00e1s t\u00e9ma \u010dl\u00e1nku zaujalo a c\u00edt\u00edte pot\u0159ebu po strukturovan\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed znalost\u00ed ve firm\u011b, zvu v\u00e1s 26. dubna na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/knowledgeconf.ru\/2019\/\">KnowledgeConf<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 prvn\u00ed konferenci o \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed znalost\u00ed v IT v Rusku. Sestavili jsme v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/knowledgeconf.ru\/2019\/schedule.html\">programu<\/a><\/noindex> mnoho d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch t\u00e9mat: onboarding nov\u00e1\u010dk\u016f, pr\u00e1ce se znalostn\u00edmi b\u00e1ze, zapojen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f do sd\u00edlen\u00ed znalost\u00ed a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edho. P\u0159ij\u010fte pro funguj\u00edc\u00ed zku\u0161enosti k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/oleg-bunin\/blog\/447298\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u00bb \u2014 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0451\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0449\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u2014 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0451\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043c\u043b\u0438\u0434 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443. \u0414\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00ab\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u00bb \u2014 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c 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