{"id":31439,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:16","slug":"vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vce systemd 242","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje byl uveden na trh syst\u00e9mov\u00fd spr\u00e1vce systemd 242. Z novinek lze zm\u00ednit podporu L2TP tunel\u016f, mo\u017enost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed systemd-logind p\u0159i restartov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed, podporu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch bootovac\u00edch odd\u00edl\u016f XBOOTLDR pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k \/boot, mo\u017enost spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s ko\u0159enov\u00fdm odd\u00edlem v overlayfs, a tak\u00e9 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nov\u00fdch nastaven\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy jednotek.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed zm\u011bny: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V systemd-networkd byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna podpora L2TP tunel\u016f;\n<li class=\"l\"> V sd-boot a bootctl byla implementov\u00e1na podpora odd\u00edl\u016f XBOOTLDR (Extended Boot Loader), ur\u010den\u00fdch pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k \/boot, vedle odd\u00edl\u016f ESP p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch k \/efi nebo \/boot\/efi. J\u00e1dra, nastaven\u00ed, obrazy initrd a EFI nyn\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na jak z odd\u00edl\u016f ESP, tak z odd\u00edl\u016f XBOOTLDR. Tato zm\u011bna umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat bootloader sd-boot v konzervativn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, kdy je samotn\u00fd bootloader um\u00edst\u011bn v ESP a na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 j\u00e1dra a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed metadata jsou um\u00edst\u011bny na samostatn\u00e9m odd\u00edlu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm j\u00e1dru volby \u201esystemd.volatile=overlay\u201c, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje um\u00edstit ko\u0159enov\u00fd odd\u00edl do overlayfs a uspo\u0159\u00e1dat pr\u00e1ci nad pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed dostupn\u00fdm obrazem ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho adres\u00e1\u0159e s mo\u017enost\u00ed zapisovat zm\u011bny do samostatn\u00e9ho adres\u00e1\u0159e v tmpfs (zm\u011bny v t\u00e9to konfiguraci se ztr\u00e1c\u00ed po restartu). Analogicky byla do systemd-nspawn p\u0159id\u00e1na volba \u201e\u2014volatile=overlay\u201c pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed podobn\u00e9 funkcionality v kontejnerech;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do systemd-nspawn byla p\u0159id\u00e1na volba \u201e\u2014oci-bundle\u201c, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat sady runtime pro zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kontejner\u016f odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016fm specifikace Open Container Initiative (OCI). Pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1dku a nspawn jednotk\u00e1ch byla navr\u017eena podpora r\u016fzn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed popsan\u00fdch ve specifikaci OCI, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro vylou\u010den\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity nastaven\u00ed \u201e\u2014inaccessible\u201c a \u201eInaccessible\u201c, a pro nastaven\u00ed standardn\u00edch v\u00fdstupn\u00edch proud\u016f byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny mo\u017enosti \u201e\u2014console\u201c a \u201e\u2014pipe\u201c;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed systemd-logind pomoc\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed: $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_TO_FIRMWARE_SETUP,<br \/>\n          $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_TO_BOOT_LOADER_MENU a<br \/>\n          $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_TO_BOOT_LOADER_ENTRY. Pomoc\u00ed t\u011bchto prom\u011bnn\u00fdch lze p\u0159ipojit vlastn\u00ed zpracovatele procesu restartu (\/run\/systemd\/reboot-to-firmware-setup, \/run\/systemd\/reboot-to-boot-loader-menu a<br \/>\n          \/run\/systemd\/reboot-to-boot-loader-entry) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 (\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 false);<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do p\u0159\u00edkazu \u201esystemctl reboot\u201c byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny mo\u017enosti \u201e\u2014boot-load-menu=\u201c a<br \/>\n          \u201e\u2014boot-loader-entry=\u201c, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed po restartov\u00e1n\u00ed vybrat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed polo\u017eku zbootovac\u00edho menu nebo bootovac\u00ed re\u017eim;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz sandboxov\u00e9 izolace \u201eRestrictSUIDSGID=\u201c, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 seccomp k zak\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed soubor\u016f s vlajkami SUID\/SGID;\n<li class=\"l\"> Bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00edch omezen\u00ed \u201eNoNewPrivileges\u201c a \u201eRestrictSUIDSGID\u201c ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch s povolen\u00fdm re\u017eimem dynamick\u00e9ho generov\u00e1n\u00ed identifik\u00e1toru u\u017eivatele (\u201eDynamicUser\u201c);\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed v .link souborech byla nastaven\u00ed MACAddressPolicy=persistent zm\u011bn\u011bna tak, aby pokryla v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Rozhran\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch most\u016f, tunel\u016f (tun, tap) a agregovan\u00fdch link\u016f (bond) se neidentifikuj\u00ed jinak ne\u017e podle n\u00e1zvu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed, proto se tento n\u00e1zev nyn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako z\u00e1klad pro vazbu MAC a IPv4 adres. Krom\u011b toho byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost \u201eMACAddressPolicy=random\u201c, kterou lze pou\u017e\u00edt pro vazbu MAC a IPv4 adres na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u011b;\n<li class=\"l\"> Generovan\u00e9 jednotkov\u00e9 soubory &#171;.device&#187; p\u0159es systemd-fstab-generator nyn\u00ed neobsahuj\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed jednotky &#171;.mount&#187; jako z\u00e1vislosti v sekci &#171;Wants=&#187;. Jednoduch\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nyn\u00ed nevede k automatick\u00e9mu spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jednotky pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, ale tyto jednotky mohou b\u00fdt st\u00e1le spu\u0161t\u011bny z jin\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad jako sou\u010d\u00e1st local-fs.target nebo jako z\u00e1vislost na jin\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na local-fs.target;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f &#171;networkctl list\/status\/lldp&#187; byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora masek (&#171;*&#187; atd.) pro filtrovan\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch skupin s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed podle jejich n\u00e1zvu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Prom\u011bnn\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed $PIDFILE je nyn\u00ed nastavena pomoc\u00ed absolutn\u00ed cesty, kter\u00e1 je konfigurov\u00e1na v slu\u017eb\u00e1ch p\u0159es parametr &#171;PIDFile=&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> Mezi z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edmi DNS servery, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, pokud nen\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b definov\u00e1n prim\u00e1rn\u00ed DNS, byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\"   title=\"servery\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1823\">servery<\/a>  Cloudflare (1.1.1.1). Pro p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed seznamu z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edch DNS server\u016f lze pou\u017e\u00edt volbu &#171;-Ddns-servers=&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159i detekci p\u0159\u00edtomnosti \u0159adi\u010de USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (USB Device Controller) je zaji\u0161t\u011bno automatick\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9ho zpracovatele usb-gadget.target (kdy\u017e syst\u00e9m funguje na periferii USB);\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro jednotkov\u00e9 soubory byla implementov\u00e1na konfigurace &#171;CPUQuotaPeriodSec=&#187;, kter\u00e1 ur\u010duje \u010dasov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed kv\u00f3ta na procesorov\u00fd \u010das, stanoven\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed nastaven\u00ed &#171;CPUQuota=&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro jednotkov\u00e9 soubory byla implementov\u00e1na konfigurace &#171;ProtectHostname=&#187;, kter\u00e1 zakazuje slu\u017eb\u00e1m m\u011bnit informace o n\u00e1zvu hostitele, i kdy\u017e maj\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro jednotkov\u00e9 soubory byla implementov\u00e1na konfigurace &#171;NetworkNamespacePath=&#187;, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159i\u0159adit prostor jmen k slu\u017eb\u00e1m nebo socketov\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m pomoc\u00ed \u00fadaje o cest\u011b k souboru prostoru jmen v pseudo-FS \/proc;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost vypnout substituci prom\u011bnn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed proces\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou spou\u0161t\u011bny pomoc\u00ed nastaven\u00ed &#171;ExecStart=&#187;, p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm symbolu &#171;:&#187; p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edkaz spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro \u010dasova\u010de (jednotky .timer) byly navr\u017eeny nov\u00e9 flagy &#171;OnClockChange=&#187; a<br \/>\n&#171;OnTimezoneChange=&#187;, pomoc\u00ed nich\u017e lze \u0159\u00eddit vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed jednotky p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho \u010dasu nebo \u010dasov\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed &#171;ConditionMemory=&#187; a &#171;ConditionCPUs=&#187;, kter\u00e1 definuj\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed jednotky na z\u00e1klad\u011b velikosti pam\u011bti a po\u010dtu jader CPU (nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 slu\u017eba m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spu\u0161t\u011bna pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je k dispozici pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed RAM);\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd unit time-set.target, kter\u00fd p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u011b nastaven\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd \u010das bez pou\u017eit\u00ed synchronizace s extern\u00edmi servery p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9ho \u010dasu pomoc\u00ed unit time-sync.target. Nov\u00fd unit m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit slu\u017ebami, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pouze p\u0159esnost nesynchronizovan\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch hodin;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do &#171;systemctl start&#187; a podobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f byla p\u0159id\u00e1na volba &#171;--show-transaction&#187;, p\u0159i jej\u00edm\u017e zad\u00e1n\u00ed se zobrazuje shrnut\u00ed v\u0161ech \u00faloh, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny do fronty v d\u016fsledku po\u017eadovan\u00e9 operace;\n<li class=\"l\"> V systemd-networkd byla implementov\u00e1na definice nov\u00e9ho stavu &#8216;enslaved&#8217;, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 m\u00edsto &#8216;degraded&#8217; nebo &#8216;carrier&#8217; pro s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed zapojen\u00e9 do agregovan\u00fdch link\u016f nebo s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch most\u016f. Pro prim\u00e1rn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no stav &#8216;degraded-carrier&#8217; v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016f s jedn\u00edm z \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed linku;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jednotek .network byla p\u0159id\u00e1na volba &#171;IgnoreCarrierLoss=&#187; pro uchov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch nastaven\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ztr\u00e1ty spojen\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> D\u00edky nastaven\u00ed &#171;RequiredForOnline=&#187; v jednotk\u00e1ch .network lze nyn\u00ed stanovit minim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fd stav linku nezbytn\u00fd pro p\u0159echod s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed do stavu &#171;online&#187; a aktivaci zpracovatele systemd-networkd-wait-online;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do systemd-networkd-wait-online byla p\u0159id\u00e1na volba &#171;&#8212;any&#187; pro \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na p\u0159ipravenost jak\u00e9hokoli z uveden\u00fdch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed m\u00edsto v\u0161ech, stejn\u011b jako volba &#171;&#8212;operational-state=&#187; pro ur\u010den\u00ed stavu linku, kter\u00fd sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o p\u0159ipravenosti;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jednotek .network byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nastaven\u00ed &#171;UseAutonomousPrefix=&#187; a &#171;UseOnLinkPrefix=&#187;, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt k ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed prefix\u016f p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed;<br \/>\nozn\u00e1men\u00ed od sm\u011brova\u010de IPv6 (RA, Router Advertisement);<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jednotek .network byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nastaven\u00ed &#171;MulticastFlood=&#187;, &#171;NeighborSuppression=&#187; a &#171;Learning=&#187; pro \u00fapravy parametr\u016f provozu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho mostu, stejn\u011b jako nastaven\u00ed &#171;TripleSampling=&#187; pro zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu TRIPLE-SAMPLING virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch rozhran\u00ed CAN;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jednotek .netdev byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nastaven\u00ed &#171;PrivateKeyFile=&#187; a &#171;PresharedKeyFile=&#187;, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00fdch lze ur\u010dit soukrom\u00e9 a sd\u00edlen\u00e9 (PSK) kl\u00ed\u010de pro rozhran\u00ed WireGuard; <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"31\">VPN<\/a>;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do \/etc\/crypttab byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny volby same-cpu-crypt a submit-from-crypt-cpus, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010de p\u0159i migraci mezi j\u00e1dry CPU prac\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00edm;\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve systemd-tmpfiles byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna spr\u00e1va souboru z\u00e1mku p\u0159ed proveden\u00edm operac\u00ed v adres\u00e1\u0159\u00edch s do\u010dasn\u00fdmi soubory, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje do\u010dasn\u011b pozastavit \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zastaral\u00fdch soubor\u016f (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i rozbalov\u00e1n\u00ed tar archivu do \/tmp mohou b\u00fdt odhaleny velmi star\u00e9 soubory, kter\u00e9 nelze odstranit p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm operac\u00ed s nimi);\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve funkci &#171;systemd-analyze cat-config&#187; byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna mo\u017enost anal\u00fdzy konfigurace, rozlo\u017een\u00e9 na n\u011bkolik soubor\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 p\u0159edvolby, obsah tmpfiles.d a sysusers.d, pravidla udev atd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do &#171;journalctl&#187; byla p\u0159id\u00e1na volba &#171;&#8212;cursor-file=&#187; pro ur\u010den\u00ed souboru pro na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a uchov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazatele pozice;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do systemd-detect-virt byla p\u0159id\u00e1na detekce hypervizoru ACRN a subsyst\u00e9mu WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 v\u011btven\u00ed pomoc\u00ed podm\u00ednkov\u00e9ho oper\u00e1toru &#171;ConditionVirtualization&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> B\u011bhem instalace systemd (p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed &#171;ninja install&#187;) bylo zastaveno vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed symbolick\u00fdch odkaz\u016f na soubory systemd-networkd.service, systemd-networkd.socket v adres\u00e1\u0159i \/etc;<br \/>\n          systemd-resolved.service, remote-cryptsetup.target, remote-fs.target,<br \/>\n          systemd-networkd-wait-online.service a systemd-timesyncd.service. Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto soubor\u016f je nyn\u00ed nutn\u00e9 vykonat p\u0159\u00edkaz &#171;systemctl preset-all&#187;.<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50497\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 systemd 242. \u0418\u0437 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 L2TP, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c systemd-logind \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 XBOOTLDR \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \/boot, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432 overlayfs, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u044e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0412 systemd-networkd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 systemd 242.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 systemd 242 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 systemd 242.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:41:16+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:41:16+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho mana\u017eera systemd 242 | ProHoster","description":"Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje byl p\u0159edstaven release syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho mana\u017eera systemd 242.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 systemd 242 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 systemd 242.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T18:41:16+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T18:41:16+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"31439","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-02-09 16:59:47","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 03:16:23","updated":"2026-02-09 16:59:47","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31439"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":159067,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31439\/revisions\/159067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}