{"id":31519,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","slug":"elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","title":{"rendered":"Elektrick\u00e1 stimulace mozku pomohla pam\u011bti star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed dohnat mlad\u0161\u00ed.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Od l\u00e9\u010dby deprese a\u017e po zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f Parkinsonovy nemoci a probuzen\u00ed pacient\u016f v vegetativn\u00edm stavu, m\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 stimulace mozku obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Jedno z nov\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f se zam\u011b\u0159ilo na zastaven\u00ed poklesu kognitivn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed, zlep\u0161en\u00ed pam\u011bti a schopnost\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed. Experiment proveden\u00fd v\u011bdci z Boston University prok\u00e1zal neinvazivn\u00ed techniku, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee obnovit pracovn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 u 70let\u00fdch star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed natolik, \u017ee se vyrovn\u00e1 pam\u011bti lid\u00ed ve v\u011bku 20 let.<\/p>\n

V mnoha studi\u00edch o stimulaci mozku se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed elektrody implantovan\u00e9 do konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mozku k dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch impuls\u016f. Tento postup se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201ehlubok\u00e1\u201c nebo \u201ep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1\u201c stimulace mozku a m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody d\u00edky p\u0159esn\u00e9mu c\u00edlen\u00ed dopadu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed elektrod do mozku je dost nepraktick\u00e9 a je spojeno s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi riziky z\u00e1n\u011btu nebo infekce p\u0159i nedodr\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ech opera\u010dn\u00edch norem.<\/p>\n

Alternativou je nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 stimulace pomoc\u00ed neinvazivn\u00ed (neopera\u010dn\u00ed) metody prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm elektrod um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch na poko\u017ece hlavy, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt podobn\u00e9 manipulace i doma. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento p\u0159\u00edstup zvolil Rob Reinhart, neurobiolog z Boston University, v jeho\u017e snaze zlep\u0161it pam\u011b\u0165 star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se obvykle s v\u011bkem zhor\u0161uje.<\/p>\n

\"Elektrick\u00e1
\n<\/center><\/p>\n

Pokud mluv\u00edme p\u0159esn\u011bji, jeho experimenty se pln\u011b soust\u0159edily na pracovn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, kter\u00e1 se aktivuje nap\u0159\u00edklad, kdy\u017e si vzpom\u00edn\u00e1me, co si m\u00e1me vz\u00edt v obchod\u011b, nebo se sna\u017e\u00edme naj\u00edt kl\u00ed\u010de od auta. Podle Reinharta m\u016f\u017ee pracovn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 za\u010d\u00edt sl\u00e1bnout ji\u017e ve 30 letech, proto\u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti mozku za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ztr\u00e1cet svou soudr\u017enost a st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se m\u00e9n\u011b koherentn\u00edmi. Kdy\u017e dos\u00e1hneme 60 nebo 70 let, tato nesourodost m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu poklesu kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdec objevil zp\u016fsob, jak obnovit naru\u0161en\u00e9 neuronov\u00e9 spojen\u00ed. Metoda se zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 na dvou prvc\u00edch fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku. Prvn\u00ed je \u201ep\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti mozku aktivuj\u00ed ve stanoven\u00e9 postupnosti, jako dob\u0159e lad\u011bn\u00fd orchestr. Druh\u00fd je \u201esynchronizace\u201c, kdy se pomalej\u0161\u00ed rytmy, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako theta-rythy a spojen\u00e9 s hipokampem, spr\u00e1vn\u011b synchronizuj\u00ed. Ob\u011b tyto funkce se s v\u011bkem zhor\u0161uj\u00ed a ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed pr\u00e1ci pam\u011bti.<\/p>\n

\"Elektrick\u00e1<\/p>\n

Pro sv\u016fj experiment Reinhardt zapojil skupinu mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed ve v\u011bku kolem 20 let a tak\u00e9 skupinu star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed ve v\u011bku od 60 do 70 let. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 skupina m\u011bla splnit n\u011bkolik konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f, kter\u00e9 zahrnovaly zobrazen\u00ed obr\u00e1zku, pauzu, zobrazen\u00ed druh\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku a pot\u00e9 pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi nimi.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9, \u017ee mlad\u0161\u00ed experimentaln\u00ed skupina dos\u00e1hla mnohem lep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f ne\u017e star\u0161\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 v\u0161ak Reinhardt aplikoval 25 minut jemn\u00e9 stimulace k\u016fry mozku star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed s impulsy nastaven\u00fdmi na nervov\u00e9 struktury ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pacienta v souladu s oblast\u00ed k\u016fry odpov\u011bdnou za pracovn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165. Po tom, co skupiny pokra\u010dovaly v pln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f, se rozd\u00edl v p\u0159esnosti pln\u011bn\u00ed mezi nimi vytratil. Efekt trval minim\u00e1ln\u011b 50 minut po stimulaci. Nav\u00edc Reinhardt zjistil, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee zlep\u0161it funkci pam\u011bti i u mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si se zad\u00e1n\u00edmi nevedli dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n

\u201eZjistili jsme, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci ve v\u011bku 20 let, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli pot\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159i pln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f, mohli t\u011b\u017eit i z takov\u00e9 stimula\u010dn\u00ed terapie,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Reinhart. \u201eDok\u00e1zali jsme zlep\u0161it jejich pracovn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, i kdy\u017e jim nebylo 60 nebo 70 let.\u201c<\/p>\n

Reinhardt douf\u00e1, \u017ee bude pokra\u010dovat ve zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed toho, jak stimulace mozku m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it \u010dinnost lidsk\u00e9ho mozku, zejm\u00e9na pro ty, kdo trp\u00ed Alzheimerovou chorobou.<\/p>\n

\u201eTo otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro v\u00fdzkum a l\u00e9\u010dbu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. \u201eA jsme tomu velmi r\u00e1di.\u201c<\/p>\n

Studie byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna v \u010dasopise Nature Neuroscience.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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