{"id":31582,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/na-kakoj-diapazon-eta-antenna-izmeryaem-harakteristiki-antenn\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:58","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:58","slug":"na-kakoj-diapazon-eta-antenna-izmeryaem-harakteristiki-antenn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/na-kakoj-diapazon-eta-antenna-izmeryaem-harakteristiki-antenn","title":{"rendered":"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/382292eed2e7f08be017343c01eb5c2f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>\u2014 Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na?<br \/>\n\u2014 Nev\u00edm, zkontroluj to.<br \/>\n\u2014 JAAAK?!?!<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nJak ur\u010dit, jakou ant\u00e9nu m\u00e1te v rukou, pokud na n\u00ed nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed? Jak pochopit, kter\u00e1 ant\u00e9na je lep\u0161\u00ed nebo hor\u0161\u00ed? Tento probl\u00e9m m\u011b dlouho tr\u00e1pil.<br \/>\nV \u010dl\u00e1nku je jednoduch\u00fdm jazykem pops\u00e1n metodika m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed charakteristik ant\u00e9n a zp\u016fsob ur\u010den\u00ed frekven\u010dn\u00edho rozsahu ant\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n<p>Zku\u0161en\u00fdm r\u00e1diov\u00fdm in\u017een\u00fdr\u016fm se tato informace m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t trivi\u00e1ln\u00ed, a metodika m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u2014 nedostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e1. \u010cl\u00e1nek je ur\u010den pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u016fbec nic nerozum\u00ed v radioelektronice, jako j\u00e1. <\/p>\n<p><b>TL;DR<\/b> Budeme m\u011b\u0159it KSV ant\u00e9n na r\u016fzn\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje OSA 103 Mini a sm\u011brov\u00e9ho odbo\u010dova\u010de, a sestavovat graf z\u00e1vislosti KSV na frekvenci. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Teorie<\/h2>\n<p>\nKdy\u017e vys\u00edla\u010d pos\u00edl\u00e1 sign\u00e1l do ant\u00e9ny, \u010d\u00e1st energie se vyza\u0159uje do vzduchu, a \u010d\u00e1st se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a vrac\u00ed zp\u011bt. Pom\u011br mezi vyza\u0159ovanou a odra\u017eenou energi\u00ed charakterizuje koeficient stojat\u00fdch vln (KSV nebo SWR). \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed KSV, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st energie vys\u00edla\u010de se vyza\u0159uje ve form\u011b r\u00e1diov\u00fdch vln. P\u0159i KSV = 1 nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k odraz\u016fm (v\u0161echna energie je vyza\u0159ov\u00e1na). KSV u re\u00e1ln\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny je v\u017edy v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud pos\u00edl\u00e1me do ant\u00e9ny sign\u00e1l r\u016fzn\u00e9 frekvence a z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u011b\u0159\u00edme KSV, m\u016f\u017eeme zjistit, na kter\u00e9 frekvenci bude odraz minim\u00e1ln\u00ed. To bude pracovn\u00ed rozsah ant\u00e9ny. Tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme porovnat r\u016fzn\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny pro jeden rozsah a zjistit, kter\u00e1 z nich je lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/570bcfba65af1250c8245446ee38d846.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u010c\u00e1st sign\u00e1lu vys\u00edla\u010de se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed od ant\u00e9ny<\/p>\n<p>Ant\u00e9na, navr\u017een\u00e1 pro ur\u010ditou frekvenci, by teoreticky m\u011bla m\u00edt nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed KSV na sv\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch frekvenc\u00edch. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed vys\u00edlat do ant\u00e9ny na r\u016fzn\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch a naj\u00edt, na kter\u00e9 frekvenci je odraz nejmen\u0161\u00ed, tedy maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed energie odlet\u00ed ve form\u011b r\u00e1diov\u00fdch vln.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00edt mo\u017enost generovat sign\u00e1l na r\u016fzn\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch a m\u011b\u0159it odraz, budeme schopni sestavit graf, kde na ose X bude frekvence a na ose Y \u2014 koeficient odrazu sign\u00e1lu. V\u00fdsledkem bude, \u017ee tam, kde na grafu dojde k propadu (to znamen\u00e1 nejmen\u0161\u00ed odraz sign\u00e1lu), bude pracovn\u00ed rozsah ant\u00e9ny. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6b76c3667d764ffa98ee25463cba8878.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nP\u0159edstavovan\u00fd graf z\u00e1vislosti odrazu na frekvenci. Na cel\u00e9m rozsahu je odraz 100%, krom\u011b pracovn\u00ed frekvence ant\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edstroj Osa103 Mini<\/h3>\n<p>\nPro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osa103.ru\/\">OSA103 Mini<\/a><\/noindex>. To je univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd spojuje oscilloskop, gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1lu, spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed analyz\u00e1tor, m\u011b\u0159i\u010d A\u010cH\/F\u010cH, vektorov\u00fd ant\u00e9nn\u00ed analyz\u00e1tor, m\u011b\u0159i\u010d LC a dokonce i SDR transceiver. Pracovn\u00ed frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah OSA103 Mini je omezen na 100 MHz, modul OSA-6G roz\u0161i\u0159uje frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah v re\u017eimu IACHP na 6 GHz. Nativn\u00ed program se v\u0161emi funkcemi m\u00e1 velikost 3 MB a b\u011b\u017e\u00ed pod Windows a p\u0159es wine v Linuxu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/2a959223b0f99593a8ba609429019cad.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n Osa103 Mini \u2014 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj pro radioamat\u00e9ry a in\u017een\u00fdry<\/p>\n<h3>Direk\u010dn\u00ed odbo\u010dova\u010d<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7ddcda098311bb0944b957204e09e91f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Direk\u010dn\u00ed odbo\u010dova\u010d (directional coupler) je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 odv\u00e1d\u00ed malou \u010d\u00e1st V\u010c sign\u00e1lu, sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edho v ur\u010dit\u00e9m sm\u011bru. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by m\u011bl odbo\u010dovat \u010d\u00e1st odra\u017een\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu (jdouc\u00edho od ant\u00e9ny zp\u011bt k gener\u00e1toru) pro jeho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. <br \/>\nP\u0159ehledn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed direk\u010dn\u00edho odbo\u010dova\u010de: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iBK9ZIx9YaY\">youtube.com\/watch?v=iBK9ZIx9YaY<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed charakteristiky direk\u010dn\u00edho odbo\u010dova\u010de:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Pracovn\u00ed frekvence<\/b> \u2014 frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah, v r\u00e1mci kter\u00e9ho se hlavn\u00ed parametry pohybuj\u00ed v norm\u00e1ln\u00edch mez\u00edch. M\u016fj odbo\u010dova\u010d je ur\u010den pro frekvence od 1 do 1000 MHz <\/li>\n<li><b>Odbo\u010den\u00ed (Coupling)<\/b> \u2014 jak\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st sign\u00e1lu (v decibelech) bude odv\u00e1d\u011bna p\u0159i sm\u011bru vlny z IN do OUT<\/li>\n<li><b>Direk\u010dnost (Directivity)<\/b> \u2014 kolik m\u00e9n\u011b sign\u00e1lu bude odv\u00e1d\u011bno p\u0159i pohybu sign\u00e1lu v opa\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru z OUT do IN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Na prvn\u00ed pohled to vypad\u00e1 dost zmaten\u011b. Pro jasnost si p\u0159edstavme odbo\u010dova\u010d jako vodovodn\u00ed potrub\u00ed s mal\u00fdm odbo\u010den\u00edm uvnit\u0159. Odbo\u010den\u00ed je ud\u011bl\u00e1no tak, \u017ee p\u0159i pohybu vody v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m sm\u011bru (od IN k OUT) je odv\u00e1d\u011bna zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st vody. Mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, kter\u00e9 je odv\u00e1d\u011bno p\u0159i tomto sm\u011bru, je ur\u010deno parametrem Coupling v datashitu odbo\u010dova\u010de.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/96e6f67afd733afca5ec69b6bd566af3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u0159i pohybu vody v opa\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru je odv\u00e1d\u011bno mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b vody. M\u011bla by b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za vedlej\u0161\u00ed jev. Mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, kter\u00e9 je odv\u00e1d\u011bno p\u0159i tomto pohybu, je ur\u010deno parametrem Directivity v datashitu. \u010c\u00edm je tento parametr men\u0161\u00ed (vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnota dB), t\u00edm je to lep\u0161\u00ed pro n\u00e1\u0161 \u00fakol. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/40ab73a0be05c89af4408c5af096bec9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Sch\u00e9matick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nProto\u017ee chceme m\u011b\u0159it \u00farove\u0148 sign\u00e1lu odra\u017een\u00e9ho od ant\u00e9ny, p\u0159ipoj\u00edme ji k IN odbo\u010dova\u010de a gener\u00e1tor k OUT. Takto se na p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d dostane \u010d\u00e1st odra\u017een\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu z ant\u00e9ny pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/bdf04c64d65c320d65e3db4b99c99363.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSch\u00e9ma p\u0159ipojen\u00ed odbo\u010dova\u010de. Odra\u017een\u00fd sign\u00e1l je odv\u00e1d\u011bn na p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d<\/p>\n<h3>M\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nSestav\u00edme za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed KSV podle sch\u00e9matu zapojen\u00ed. Na v\u00fdstupu gener\u00e1toru za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nav\u00edc nainstalujeme attenu\u00e1tor se ztr\u00e1tou 15 dB. To zlep\u0161\u00ed lad\u011bn\u00ed odbo\u010dky s v\u00fdstupem gener\u00e1toru a zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Attenu\u00e1tor lze zvolit se ztr\u00e1tou v rozmez\u00ed 5..15 dB. Velikost ztr\u00e1ty bude automaticky zohledn\u011bna p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 kalibraci.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7a882805d26fdee67107f38f0864850c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAttenu\u00e1tor oslabuje sign\u00e1l o pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd po\u010det decibel\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed charakteristikou attenu\u00e1toru je ztr\u00e1tov\u00fd koeficient (attenuace) sign\u00e1lu a pracovn\u00ed frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah. Na frekvenc\u00edch mimo pracovn\u00ed rozsah se vlastnosti attenu\u00e1toru mohou nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011b m\u011bnit.<\/p>\n<p>Takto vypad\u00e1 fin\u00e1ln\u00ed instalace. Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nezapomenout p\u0159iv\u00e9st sign\u00e1l mezifrekvence (MF) z modulu OSA-6G na hlavn\u00ed desku p\u0159\u00edstroje. K tomu p\u0159ipoj\u00edme port IF OUTPUT na hlavn\u00ed desce s INPUT na modulu OSA-6G.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/d1045f27ece8d915bbc0d5afaaa94da3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladiny ru\u0161en\u00ed z impulzn\u00edho nap\u00e1jec\u00edho zdroje notebooku prov\u00e1d\u00edm v\u0161echna m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i nap\u00e1jen\u00ed notebooku z baterie. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/053c4405f0f06559d97ce171a2335447.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Kalibrace<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 se ujistit, \u017ee v\u0161echny uzly za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed funguj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b a \u017ee kabely jsou kvalitn\u00ed, k tomu p\u0159ipoj\u00edme gener\u00e1tor a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d kabelem p\u0159\u00edmo, zapneme gener\u00e1tor a provedeme m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ACHAR. Z\u00edsk\u00e1me t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rovnou k\u0159ivku na 0dB. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na cel\u00e9m frekven\u010dn\u00edm rozsahu dos\u00e1hla ve\u0161ker\u00e1 vyza\u0159ovan\u00e1 energie gener\u00e1toru k p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/8e5bc1632e289e083ef3abd3a9ab9cc4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nP\u0159ipojen\u00ed gener\u00e1toru p\u0159\u00edmo k p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159id\u00e1me do sch\u00e9matu attenu\u00e1tor. Je vid\u011bt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 oslaben\u00ed sign\u00e1lu o 15dB v cel\u00e9m rozsahu. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/490a7cb5a17313e73fb9c612d667e8f3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nP\u0159ipojen\u00ed gener\u00e1toru p\u0159es attenu\u00e1tor se ztr\u00e1tou 15dB k p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ipoj\u00edme gener\u00e1tor k v\u00fdstupu odbo\u010dky a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d k CPL odbo\u010dky. Proto\u017ee nen\u00ed p\u0159ipojeno \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed k portu IN, m\u011bl by se cel\u00fd generovan\u00fd sign\u00e1l odr\u00e1\u017eet a \u010d\u00e1st odbo\u010dit na p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d. Podle datov\u00e9ho listu na na\u0161i odbo\u010dku (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ww2.minicircuits.com\/pdfs\/ZEDC-15-2B.pdf\">ZEDC-15-2B<\/a><\/noindex>), parametr Coupling je ~15dB, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee bychom m\u011bli vid\u011bt horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ru na \u00farovni kolem -30 dB (coupling + \u00fatlum atenu\u00e1toru). Ale proto\u017ee pracovn\u00ed p\u00e1smo rozbo\u010dova\u010de je omezeno na 1 GHz, v\u0161echna m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nad tuto frekvenci lze pova\u017eovat za bezp\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e1. To je jasn\u011b vid\u011bt na grafu, po 1 GHz jsou hodnoty chaotick\u00e9 a bez smyslu. Proto v\u0161echna dal\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed provedeme v pracovn\u00edm p\u00e1smu rozbo\u010dova\u010de.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ac734456bcd9752786af57efc9ac06bf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nP\u0159ipojen\u00ed rozbo\u010dova\u010de bez z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. Viditeln\u00fd je limit pracovn\u00edho p\u00e1sma rozbo\u010dova\u010de.<\/p>\n<p>Jeliko\u017e data m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nad 1 GHz v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nemaj\u00ed smysl, omez\u00edme maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed frekvenci gener\u00e1toru na pracovn\u00ed hodnoty rozbo\u010dova\u010de. P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch dost\u00e1v\u00e1me rovnou \u010d\u00e1ru.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/360c60083a6bd8ef2b46a8d24edb34e5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nOmezen\u00ed p\u00e1sma gener\u00e1toru na pracovn\u00ed p\u00e1smo rozbo\u010dova\u010de<\/p>\n<p>Abychom mohli n\u00e1zorn\u011b m\u011b\u0159it VSWR ant\u00e9n, mus\u00edme prov\u00e9st kalibraci, abychom p\u0159ijali aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed parametry sch\u00e9matu (100% odraz) jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod, tedy nulu dB. K tomu m\u00e1 program OSA103 Mini vestav\u011bnou funkci kalibrace. Kalibrace se prov\u00e1d\u00ed bez p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny (z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee), kalibra\u010dn\u00ed data se ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed do souboru a pozd\u011bji se automaticky zohled\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed graf\u016f.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6069e45a30f0a5a14f0ff0ab113bbb12.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nFunkce kalibrace IA\u010cCH v programu OSA103 Mini<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016f kalibrace a spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed bez z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me rovn\u00fd graf na 0dB. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b916728c3dc3c644b437add9fa31736a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nGraf po proveden\u00ed kalibrace<\/p>\n<h3>M\u011b\u0159\u00edme ant\u00e9ny<\/h3>\n<p>\nNyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159istoupit k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ant\u00e9n. D\u00edky kalibraci budeme vid\u011bt a m\u011b\u0159it sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed odrazu po p\u0159ipojen\u00ed ant\u00e9ny. <\/p>\n<h2>Ant\u00e9na z Aliexpressu na 433MHz<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnt\u00e9na s ozna\u010den\u00edm 443MHz. Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee ant\u00e9na nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bji funguje v p\u00e1smu 446MHz, na t\u00e9to frekvenci je VSWR 1.16. Na inzerovan\u00e9 frekvenci jsou v\u0161ak ukazatele podstatn\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159i 433MHz je VSWR 4,2.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7b9ba1ad3069235fb10fb92112f52097.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 ant\u00e9na 1<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnt\u00e9na bez ozna\u010den\u00ed. Soud\u011b podle grafu je ur\u010dena pro 800 MHz, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pro GSM p\u00e1smo. Je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee tato ant\u00e9na tak\u00e9 funguje na 1800 MHz, ale kv\u016fli omezen\u00edm rozbo\u010dova\u010de nemohu prov\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159esn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na t\u011bchto frekvenc\u00edch.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/69c4c7d6084a0b835d141912f3465999.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 ant\u00e9na 2<\/h2>\n<p>\nDal\u0161\u00ed ant\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 u\u017e dlouho le\u017e\u00ed v krabic\u00edch. Podle v\u0161eho je tak\u00e9 pro GSM p\u00e1smo, ale ji\u017e lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta p\u0159edchoz\u00ed. Na frekvenci 764 MHz je VSWR bl\u00edzko jedni\u010dce, na 900 MHz je VSWR 1.4.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/d6c9c55c62865cf348001d2f26b0cd7b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 ant\u00e9na 3<\/h2>\n<p>\nTo vypad\u00e1 jako ant\u00e9na Wi-Fi, ale konektor je n\u011bjak SMA-Male, a ne RP-SMA, jako u v\u0161ech Wi-Fi ant\u00e9n. Soud\u011b podle m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, je tato ant\u00e9na k ni\u010demu na frekvenc\u00edch do 1 MHz. Op\u011bt kv\u016fli omezen\u00edm rozbo\u010dova\u010de nezjist\u00edme, co je to za ant\u00e9nu.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/554d1bb265a202f8129882cff1d45c88.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Teleskopick\u00e1 ant\u00e9na<\/h2>\n<p>\nPokud se pokus\u00edme vypo\u010d\u00edtat, jak moc je t\u0159eba vyt\u00e1hnout teleskopickou ant\u00e9nu pro p\u00e1smo 433MHz. Vzorec pro v\u00fdpo\u010det vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky: \u03bb = C\/f, kde C je rychlost sv\u011btla, f je frekvence.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">299.792.458 \/ 443.000.000 = 0.69719176279\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Celkov\u00e1 vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka<\/b> \u2014 69,24 cm<br \/>\n<b>Polovina vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky<\/b> \u2014 34,62 cm<br \/>\n<b>\u010ctvrtina vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky<\/b> \u2014 17,31 cm<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/928234231cbc70c38eda904650cb191f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAnt\u00e9na vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se uk\u00e1zala jako naprosto k ni\u010demu. Na frekvenci 433MHz je hodnota VSWR \u2014 11. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/828b8bc7eacb444902373ade0690e769.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nExperiment\u00e1ln\u011b jsem vytahoval ant\u00e9nu a poda\u0159ilo se mi dos\u00e1hnout minim\u00e1ln\u00edho VSWR 2.8 p\u0159i d\u00e9lce ant\u00e9ny p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 cm. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee tlou\u0161\u0165ka sekc\u00ed m\u00e1 velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Tedy, p\u0159i vytahov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze tenk\u00fdch vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sekc\u00ed byl v\u00fdsledek lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159i vytahov\u00e1n\u00ed na stejnou d\u00e9lku pouze siln\u00fdch sekc\u00ed. Nevim, jak moc je dal\u0161\u00ed spoleh na tyto v\u00fdpo\u010dty d\u00e9lky teleskopick\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny, proto\u017ee prakticky nefunguj\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 s jin\u00fdmi ant\u00e9nami nebo frekvencemi to funguje jinak, nev\u00edm.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/834043959699179660d30b5653ba7ecd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Kus dr\u00e1tu na 433MHz<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u010casto se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch, jako jsou r\u00e1diov\u00e9 sp\u00edna\u010de, d\u00e1 vid\u011bt kus rovn\u00e9ho dr\u00e1tu jako ant\u00e9na. Od\u0159ezal jsem kus dr\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd byl \u010dtvrtinou vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky 433 MHz (17,3 cm), a konec jsem pokoval tak, aby t\u011bsn\u011b zapadl do konektoru SMA Female. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/32bc231d1a8cf9d54db19d3baace112c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV\u00fdsledky byly podivn\u00e9: takov\u00fd dr\u00e1t dob\u0159e funguje na 360 MHz, ale je k ni\u010demu na 433 MHz.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/e28f05ef88e4306ebb4a8a77e7ae844c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZa\u010dal jsem po kousk\u00e1ch zkracovat dr\u00e1t a sledovat ukazatele. Propad na grafu se pomalu za\u010dal posouvat doprava, sm\u011brem k 433 MHz. Nakonec, p\u0159i d\u00e9lce dr\u00e1tu kolem 15,5 cm, se mi poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout nejmen\u0161\u00ed hodnoty VSWR 1.8 na frekvenci 438 MHz. Dal\u0161\u00ed zkracov\u00e1n\u00ed kabelu vedlo k n\u00e1r\u016fstu VSWR.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na jak\u00fd rozsah je tato ant\u00e9na? M\u011b\u0159\u00edme charakteristiky ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/42496a059f333808e836b5a62c281a7b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>\nKv\u016fli omezen\u00edm rozbo\u010dova\u010de jsem nemohl m\u011b\u0159it ant\u00e9ny na frekvenc\u00edch nad 1 GHz, nap\u0159\u00edklad Wi-Fi ant\u00e9ny. To by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9, kdybych m\u011bl \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozbo\u010dova\u010d.<\/p>\n<p>Odbo\u010dova\u010d, spojovac\u00ed kabely, p\u0159\u00edstroj a dokonce i notebook \u2013 to jsou sou\u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 ant\u00e9nn\u00ed soustavy. Jejich geometrie, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v prostoru a okoln\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdsledek m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Po instalaci na skute\u010dnou r\u00e1diovou stanici nebo modem m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke zm\u011bn\u011b frekvence, proto\u017ee t\u011blo r\u00e1diov\u00e9 stanice, modemu a oper\u00e1tora se stanou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ant\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n<p>OSA103 Mini \u2013 velmi \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd multifunk\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj. D\u011bkuji jeho tv\u016frci za konzultaci p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/447092\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2014 \u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430? \u2014 \u041d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c. \u2014 \u041a\u0410\u0410\u0410\u041a?!?! \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438? \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0436\u0435? \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d, \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b. \u041e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/na-kakoj-diapazon-eta-antenna-izmeryaem-harakteristiki-antenn\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430? \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/na-kakoj-diapazon-eta-antenna-izmeryaem-harakteristiki-antenn\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:41:58+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:41:58+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Na jak\u00e9m rozsahu je tato ant\u00e9na? 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