{"id":31628,"date":"2019-10-31T21:42:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/informatsionnaya-bezopasnost-apparatnyh-reshenij-usb-over-ip\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:42:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:14","slug":"informatsionnaya-bezopasnost-apparatnyh-reshenij-usb-over-ip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/informatsionnaya-bezopasnost-apparatnyh-reshenij-usb-over-ip","title":{"rendered":"Informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost hardwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed USB over IP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ned\u00e1vno jsem se pod\u011blil <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445094\/\">o zku\u0161enosti se hled\u00e1n\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro organizaci centralizovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k kl\u00ed\u010d\u016fm elektronick\u00e9 ochrany<\/a><\/noindex> v na\u0161\u00ed organizaci. V koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch byla vznesena v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti hardwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed USB over IP, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s tak\u00e9 velmi znepokojuje.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee, nejprve si definujme v\u00fdchoz\u00ed podm\u00ednky. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f elektronick\u00e9 ochrany.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edstup k nim je nezbytn\u00fd z r\u016fzn\u00fdch geografick\u00fdch m\u00edst.<\/li>\n<li>Zva\u017eujeme pouze hardwarov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed USB over IP a sna\u017e\u00edme se toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zabezpe\u010dit p\u0159ijet\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edch organiza\u010dn\u00edch a technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed (prozat\u00edm nezva\u017eujeme alternativy).<\/li>\n<li>V r\u00e1mci tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku nebudu podrobn\u011b popisovat modely hrozeb, kter\u00e9 zva\u017eujeme (mnoh\u00e9 lze nal\u00e9zt v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/422329\/\">publikaci<\/a><\/noindex>), ale stru\u010dn\u011b se zastav\u00edm u dvou bod\u016f. Vylu\u010dujeme z modelu soci\u00e1ln\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f. Zva\u017eujeme mo\u017enosti neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm z jak\u00e9koli s\u00edt\u011b bez b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost hardwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed USB over IP\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/19b201d89a6f7face278ad9e3159e388.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nPro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti p\u0159\u00edstupu k USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm byla p\u0159ijata organiza\u010dn\u00ed a technick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>1. Organiza\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Spravovan\u00fd USB over IP koncentr\u00e1tor je um\u00edst\u011bn v kvalitn\u011b zamykateln\u00e9m serverov\u00e9m sk\u0159\u00edni. Fyzick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k n\u011bmu je organizov\u00e1n (SCD do sama m\u00edstnosti, videodohled, kl\u00ed\u010de a p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jsou u velmi omezen\u00e9ho okruhu osob).<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v organizaci jsou podm\u00edn\u011bn\u011b rozd\u011blena do 3 skupin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kritick\u00e1. Finan\u010dn\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 podpisy \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v souladu s doporu\u010den\u00edmi bank (ne p\u0159es USB over IP)<\/li>\n<li>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Elektronick\u00e9 podpisy pro obchodn\u00ed platformy, slu\u017eby, EDI, reporty atd., \u0159ada kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f pro software \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny s pou\u017eit\u00edm spravovan\u00e9ho USB over IP koncentr\u00e1toru.<\/li>\n<li>Nekritick\u00e1. \u0158ada kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f pro software, kamery, n\u011bkolik flash disk\u016f a disk\u016f s nekritick\u00fdmi informacemi, USB modemy \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny s pou\u017eit\u00edm spravovan\u00e9ho USB over IP koncentr\u00e1toru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n2. Technick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k spravovan\u00e9mu USB over IP koncentr\u00e1toru je poskytov\u00e1n pouze uvnit\u0159 izolovan\u00e9 pods\u00edt\u011b. P\u0159\u00edstup do izolovan\u00e9 pods\u00edt\u011b je poskytov\u00e1n: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>z farmy termin\u00e1lov\u00fdch server\u016f, <\/li>\n<li>p\u0159es VPN (certifik\u00e1t a heslo) omezen\u00e9mu po\u010dtu po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a notebook\u016f, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm VPN jsou jim p\u0159id\u011bleny trval\u00e9 adresy,<\/li>\n<li>o VPN tunelech, kter\u00e9 propojuj\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNa nejv\u00edce spravovan\u00e9m USB over IP koncentr\u00e1toru DistKontrolUSB jsou pomoc\u00ed jeho standardn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f nastaveny funkce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pro p\u0159\u00edstup k USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm USB over IP koncentr\u00e1toru se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed (na koncentr\u00e1toru je aktivov\u00e1no \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed SSL), i kdy\u017e to u\u017e mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Je nastaveno \u201eomezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm podle IP adresy\u201c. V z\u00e1vislosti na IP adrese je u\u017eivateli poskytnut nebo odep\u0159en p\u0159\u00edstup k ur\u010den\u00fdm USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li>Je nastaveno \u201eomezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k USB portu podle u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na a hesla\u201c. U\u017eivatel\u016fm jsou p\u0159i\u0159azena pr\u00e1va na p\u0159\u00edstup k USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. <\/li>\n<li>\u201eOmezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na a hesla\u201c jsme se rozhodli nepou\u017e\u00edvat, proto\u017ee v\u0161echny USB kl\u00ed\u010de jsou k USB over IP koncentr\u00e1toru p\u0159ipojeny trvale a nejsou p\u0159esouv\u00e1ny z portu do portu. Pro n\u00e1s je rozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poskytnout p\u0159\u00edstup u\u017eivatel\u016fm k USB portu se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm USB, kter\u00e9 je v n\u011bm trvale nainstalov\u00e1no.<\/li>\n<li>Fyzick\u00e9 zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed USB port\u016f se prov\u00e1d\u00ed:\n<ul>\n<li>Pro kl\u00ed\u010de od softwaru a EDO \u2013 pomoc\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010de \u00faloh a p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f koncentr\u00e1toru (n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de jsme naprogramovali na zapnut\u00ed v 9:00 a vypnut\u00ed v 18:00, n\u011bkter\u00e9 od 13:00 do 16:00);<\/li>\n<li>Pro kl\u00ed\u010de od obchodn\u00edch platforem a n\u011bkter\u00e9ho softwaru \u2013 u\u017eivateli s opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm webov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>Kamery, n\u011bkter\u00e9 flash disky a disky s nekritick\u00fdmi informacemi \u2013 jsou zapnuty neust\u00e1le.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee takov\u00e1 organizace p\u0159\u00edstupu k USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm zaji\u0161\u0165uje jejich bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>z region\u00e1ln\u00edch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed (podm\u00edn\u011bn\u011b NET \u010d. 1 \u2026\u2026 NET \u010d. N), <\/li>\n<li>pro omezen\u00fd po\u010det po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a notebook\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159es glob\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, <\/li>\n<li>pro u\u017eivatele zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 na termin\u00e1lov\u00fdch serverech aplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch bychom r\u00e1di sly\u0161eli konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed praktick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu k USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/448110\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 USB over IP, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442. \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23546,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 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