{"id":31761,"date":"2019-10-31T21:42:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/mikroservisy-razmer-imeet-znachenie-dazhe-esli-u-vas-kubernetes\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:42:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:55","slug":"mikroservisy-razmer-imeet-znachenie-dazhe-esli-u-vas-kubernetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mikroservisy-razmer-imeet-znachenie-dazhe-esli-u-vas-kubernetes","title":{"rendered":"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>19. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v Moskv\u011b <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meetup.com\/HighLoad-User-Group\/events\/254238096\/\">se uskute\u010dnilo<\/a><\/noindex> prvn\u00ed tematick\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed HUG (Highload++ User Group), kter\u00e9 bylo v\u011bnov\u00e1no mikroservis\u016fm. Na n\u011bm byla prezentov\u00e1na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka \u201eProvoz mikroservis\u016f: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\u201c, ve kter\u00e9 jsme sd\u00edleli rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti spole\u010dnosti \u201eFlant\u201c v oblasti provozu projekt\u016f s mikroservisn\u00ed architekturou. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm bude u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 v\u0161em v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed uva\u017euj\u00ed o vyu\u017eit\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu ve sv\u00e9m sou\u010dasn\u00e9m nebo budouc\u00edm projektu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/5d84197eef093da02b3db2156841e644.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u0159edstavujeme <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=g9cgppj0gKQ\"><b>video z p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky<\/b><\/a><\/noindex> (50 minut, daleko informativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nek), stejn\u011b jako hlavn\u00ed shrnut\u00ed v textov\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><i>NB: Video a prezentace jsou tak\u00e9 dostupn\u00e9 na konci t\u00e9to publikace.<\/i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>\nObvykle m\u00e1 dobr\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh za\u010d\u00e1tek, hlavn\u00ed d\u011bj a vyvrcholen\u00ed. Tato p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 za\u010d\u00e1tek, a to tragick\u00fd. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee v n\u00ed je p\u0159edstaven pohled na mikroservisy z pohledu <i>provozov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010dnu t\u00edmto grafem, jeho\u017e autorem je (v roce 2015) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/martinfowler.com\/bliki\/MicroservicePremium.html\">se stal<\/a><\/noindex> Martin Fowler:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/f0cc0e00f32f5ea0a736e09fd20eaa85.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa n\u011bm je vid\u011bt, jak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b monolitn\u00ed aplikace, kter\u00e1 dos\u00e1hla ur\u010dit\u00e9 velikosti, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 klesat produktivita pr\u00e1ce. Mikroservisy se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed produktivita je s nimi ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale s rostouc\u00ed slo\u017eitost\u00ed kles\u00e1n\u00ed efektivity nen\u00ed tak n\u00e1padn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Dopln\u00edm tento graf pro p\u0159\u00edpad pou\u017eit\u00ed Kubernetes:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1b83f03639324c610a84bfd434317f48.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPro\u010d se aplikaci s mikroservisy da\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9pe? Proto\u017ee takov\u00e1 architektura klade v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na architekturu, kter\u00e9 jsou skv\u011ble pokryty mo\u017enostmi Kubernetes. Na druhou stranu, \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to funk\u010dnosti bude u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 i pro monolit, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z d\u016fvodu, \u017ee typick\u00fd monolit dne\u0161ka nen\u00ed zcela monolit (podrobnosti budou d\u00e1le v p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce).<\/p>\n<p>Jak je vid\u011bt, kone\u010dn\u00fd graf (kdy\u017e jak monolitn\u00ed, tak mikroservisn\u00ed aplikace jsou v infrastruktu\u0159e s Kubernetes) se od p\u016fvodn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neli\u0161\u00ed. D\u00e1le se bude hovo\u0159it o aplikac\u00edch vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch Kubernetes.<\/p>\n<h2>U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 a \u0161kodliv\u00e1 mikroservisnost<\/h2>\n<p>\nA zde je hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenka:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c555e5fbdf09e4bb2be17fad23b8ff6b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nCo je to <b>norm\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/b> mikroservisn\u00ed architektura? M\u011bla by v\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et skute\u010dn\u00fd prosp\u011bch t\u00edm, \u017ee zvy\u0161uje efektivitu pr\u00e1ce. Pokud se vr\u00e1t\u00edme k grafu, tak to je ona:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c27a7af10812580f0543888256a0e698.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPokud ji nazvete <b>u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd<\/b>, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b grafu bude <b>\u0161kodliv\u00e1<\/b> mikroservisnost (br\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ci):<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/27a7298bd8f877b2bc69d19378a542e2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVr\u00e1t\u00edme se k \u201ehlavn\u00ed my\u0161lence\u201c: m\u00e1 smysl v\u016fbec d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat m\u00fdm zku\u0161enostem? Od za\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto roku jsem se pod\u00edval <b>na 85 projekt\u016f<\/b>. Ne v\u0161echny byly mikroslu\u017eby (takovou architekturou disponovalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od jedn\u00e9 t\u0159etiny do poloviny z nich), ale to je st\u00e1le velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo. N\u00e1m (spole\u010dnosti \u201eFlant\u201c) jako outsourcingov\u00e9 firm\u011b se da\u0159\u00ed vid\u011bt \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou vyv\u00edjeny jak v mal\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch (s 5 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i), tak i ve velk\u00fdch (~500 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f). Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee vid\u00edme, jak tyto aplikace \u017eij\u00ed a vyv\u00edjej\u00ed se po mnoho let.<\/p>\n<h2>Pro\u010d mikroslu\u017eby?<\/h2>\n<p>\nNa ot\u00e1zku o p\u0159\u00ednosu mikroslu\u017eeb existuje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/martinfowler.com\/articles\/microservice-trade-offs.html\">velmi konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f<\/a><\/noindex> u ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho Martina Fowlera:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li> jasn\u00e9 hranice modularity;<\/li>\n<li> nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li> svoboda v\u00fdb\u011bru technologi\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nMnoho jsem mluvil s architekty a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i softwaru a ptal jsem se, pro\u010d pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed mikroslu\u017eby. A sestavil jsem si sv\u016fj seznam jejich o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Tady je, co se mi poda\u0159ilo zjistit:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/e9fa2f1a03da2017e90c5f952b752187.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPokud bych n\u011bkter\u00e9 z bod\u016f popsal \u201epocitov\u011b\u201c, pak:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> jasn\u00e9 hranice modul\u016f: tady m\u00e1me d\u011bsiv\u00fd monolit, a nyn\u00ed v\u0161e bude pe\u010dliv\u011b rozlo\u017eeno do Git repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch je v\u0161echno \u201ena sv\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b\u201c, nem\u00edch\u00e1 se tepl\u00e9 s m\u011bkk\u00fdm;<\/li>\n<li> nez\u00e1vislost nasazen\u00ed: m\u016f\u017eeme nasazovat slu\u017eby nez\u00e1visle, abychom urychlili v\u00fdvoj (sou\u010dasn\u011b publikovat nov\u00e9 funkce);<\/li>\n<li> nez\u00e1vislost v\u00fdvoje: tento mikroslu\u017ebu m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edat jedn\u00e9 t\u00fdmu\/v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, zat\u00edmco jin\u00fd dostane jinou, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme rychleji vyv\u00edjet;<\/li>\n<li> b<i>o<\/i>vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spolehlivost: pokud dojde k \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 degradaci (poklesne jedna mikroslu\u017eba z 20), p\u0159estane fungovat pouze jedno tla\u010d\u00edtko, zat\u00edmco syst\u00e9m jako celek bude pokra\u010dovat v \u010dinnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Typick\u00e1 (\u0161kodliv\u00e1) architektura mikroslu\u017eeb<\/h2>\n<p>\nAbych vysv\u011btlil, pro\u010d nen\u00ed realita takov\u00e1, jakou o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, p\u0159edstav\u00edm <i>sborn\u00fd<\/i> obraz architektury mikroslu\u017eeb zalo\u017een\u00fd na zku\u0161enostech z mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch projekt\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem bude abstraktn\u00ed internetov\u00fd obchod, kter\u00fd chce soupe\u0159it s Amazonem nebo alespo\u0148 OZON. Jeho mikroslu\u017ebov\u00e1 architektura vypad\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3b85936587109631d16882a52dd1b310.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZ r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f jsou tyto mikroslu\u017eby naps\u00e1ny na r\u016fzn\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/e145b212a83814218add965ce26b3fed.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nProto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 mikroslu\u017eba mus\u00ed m\u00edt autonomii, mnoh\u00e9 z nich pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed svoji vlastn\u00ed datab\u00e1zi a cache. Kone\u010dn\u00e1 architektura vypad\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/299b2ac7b6956e295c3d59210955e5e9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Jak\u00e9 jsou jej\u00ed d\u016fsledky?<\/h2>\n<p>\nU Fowlera je tento n\u00e1zor <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/martinfowler.com\/articles\/microservice-trade-offs.html\">\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a><\/noindex> o \"\u00fatrat\u011b\" za pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mikroslu\u017eeb:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/50fc6ac602cb2eb8383d2103101c01ce.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA pod\u00edv\u00e1me se, zda na\u0161e o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed byla napln\u011bna.<\/p>\n<h3>Jasn\u00e9 hranice modul\u016f\u2026<\/h3>\n<p>\nAle <b>kolik mikroslu\u017eeb pot\u0159ebujeme opravit<\/b>, abychom nasadili zm\u011bnu? M\u016f\u017eeme se v\u016fbec vyznat v tom, jak to v\u0161echno funguje, bez distribuovan\u00e9ho trasovac\u00edho n\u00e1stroje (v\u017edy\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd po\u017eadavek zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 polovina mikroslu\u017eeb)?<\/p>\n<p>Existuje vzor \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.laputan.org\/mud\/\">velk\u00fd lump prohnilosti<\/a><\/noindex>\", a zde dokonce vznikl distribuovan\u00fd lump prohnilosti. Toto je p\u0159\u00edklad ilustrace toho, jak prob\u00edhaj\u00ed po\u017eadavky:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c91086409c06f5a76b1f76bec30b737d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Nez\u00e1vislost nasazen\u00ed\u2026<\/h3>\n<p>\nTechnicky je dosa\u017eeno: m\u016f\u017eeme nasadit ka\u017edou mikroslu\u017ebu zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165. Ale v praxi je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee v\u017edy se nasazuje <b>mnoho mikroslu\u017eeb<\/b>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mus\u00edme zohlednit <b>po\u0159ad\u00ed jejich nasazen\u00ed<\/b>. Opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b bychom m\u011bli testovat v odd\u011blen\u00e9m okruhu, zda nasazujeme verzi ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Svoboda v\u00fdb\u011bru technologie\u2026<\/h3>\n<p>\nTa existuje. Jen je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee \u010dasto svoboda hrani\u010d\u00ed s bezuzdnost\u00ed. Je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nevyb\u00edrat technologie jen proto, abychom si s nimi \u201ehr\u00e1li\u201c.<\/p>\n<h3>Nez\u00e1vislost v\u00fdvoje\u2026<\/h3>\n<p>\nJak vytvo\u0159it testovac\u00ed okruh pro celou aplikaci (z takov\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed komponent\u016f)? A nav\u00edc je t\u0159eba ho udr\u017eovat aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. V\u0161e to vede k tomu, \u017ee <b>skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det testovac\u00edch okruh\u016f<\/b>, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme v\u016fbec udr\u017eovat, <b>se uk\u00e1\u017ee jako minim\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>A co v\u0161e to rozb\u011bhnout lok\u00e1ln\u011b?.. Ukazuje se, \u017ee \u010dasto v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 d\u011bl\u00e1 svou pr\u00e1ci nez\u00e1visle, ale \u201enaslepo\u201c, proto\u017ee mus\u00ed \u010dekat, a\u017e se uvoln\u00ed okruh pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Odd\u011blen\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed\u2026<\/h3>\n<p>\nAno, ale je omezeno na oblast pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch DBMS. V uveden\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkladu architektury nebude u Cassandra probl\u00e9m, ale probl\u00e9m budou m\u00edt MySQL a PostgreSQL.<\/p>\n<h3>B<i>o<\/i>v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spolehlivost\u2026<\/h3>\n<p>\nNehled\u011b na to, \u017ee zavin\u011bn\u00ed jednoho mikroslu\u017eby \u010dasto naru\u0161uje spr\u00e1vnou funkci cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, existuje je\u0161t\u011b jeden nov\u00fd probl\u00e9m: <b>ud\u011blat ka\u017ed\u00fd mikroslu\u017ebu odolnou v\u016f\u010di chyb\u00e1m je velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9<\/b>. Proto\u017ee v mikroslu\u017eb\u00e1ch jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 technologie (memcache, Redis atd.), pro ka\u017edou je t\u0159eba v\u0161e promyslet a realizovat, co\u017e je pochopiteln\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9, ale vy\u017eaduje obrovsk\u00e9 zdroje.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u011b\u0159itelnost z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee\u2026<\/h3>\n<p>\nS t\u00edm je opravdu v\u0161e v po\u0159\u00e1dku.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201eLehkost\u201c mikroservis\u016f\u2026<\/h3>\n<p>\nNejen\u017ee se n\u00e1m objevily obrovsk\u00e9 <b>s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 re\u017eijn\u00ed n\u00e1klady<\/b> (jak se zvy\u0161uj\u00ed DNS dotazy atd.), ale tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli mno\u017estv\u00ed poddotaz\u016f jsme za\u010dali <b>replikovat data<\/b> (uchov\u00e1vat cache), co\u017e vedlo k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu objemu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>A tady je v\u00fdsledek v souladu s na\u0161imi o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edmi:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ab189c8649d720c7add975ac54811f51.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Ale to je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed v\u0161e!<\/h3>\n<p>\nProto\u017ee:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b budeme pot\u0159ebovat zpravodajskou sb\u011brnici.<\/li>\n<li> Jak ud\u011blat konzistentn\u00ed z\u00e1lohu v po\u017eadovan\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m okam\u017eiku? Jedin\u00e1 <i>skute\u010dn\u00e1<\/i> mo\u017enost je zastavit provoz pro tuto \u010dinnost. Ale jak to ud\u011blat na production?<\/li>\n<li> Pokud jde o podporu n\u011bkolika region\u016f, organizace robustnosti v ka\u017ed\u00e9m z nich je velmi pracn\u00fd \u00fakol.<\/li>\n<li> Objevuje se probl\u00e9m centralizovan\u00fdch zm\u011bn. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud pot\u0159ebujeme aktualizovat verzi PHP, bude nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st commit v ka\u017ed\u00e9m repozit\u00e1\u0159i (a t\u011bch je des\u00edtky).<\/li>\n<li> R\u016fst provozn\u00ed slo\u017eitosti se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt exponenci\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Co s t\u00edm ud\u011blat?<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Za\u010dn\u011bte s monolitickou aplikac\u00ed<\/b>. Zku\u0161enosti Fowlera <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/martinfowler.com\/bliki\/MonolithFirst.html\">\u0159\u00edk\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> o tom, \u017ee prakticky v\u0161echny \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 mikroservisn\u00ed aplikace za\u010d\u00ednaly jako monolit, kter\u00fd se stal p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fdm a pot\u00e9 byl rozlo\u017een. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 byly postaveny jako mikroservisy od za\u010d\u00e1tku, d\u0159\u00edve nebo pozd\u011bji \u010delily v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed cenn\u00e1 my\u0161lenka \u2014 aby projekt s mikroservisn\u00ed architekturou byl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, mus\u00edte velmi dob\u0159e zn\u00e1t <b>jak p\u0159edm\u011bt, tak, jak d\u011blat mikroservisy<\/b>. A nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak se nau\u010dit p\u0159edm\u011bt, je ud\u011blat monolit.<\/p>\n<h2>Ale co d\u011blat, pokud jsme u\u017e v takov\u00e9 situaci?<\/h2>\n<p>\nPrvn\u00ed krok k vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli probl\u00e9mu \u2014 souhlasit s n\u00edm a pochopit, \u017ee to je probl\u00e9m, \u017ee u\u017e nechceme trp\u011bt.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159erostl\u00e9ho monolitu (kdy jsme vy\u010derpali mo\u017enosti nakupovat pro n\u011bj prost\u0159edky) jej roz\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1me, pak v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nast\u00e1v\u00e1 opa\u010dn\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159: kdy\u017e nadm\u011brn\u00e1 mikroservisnost u\u017e nepom\u00e1h\u00e1, ale naopak p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u2014 <b>odst\u0159ihn\u011bte p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 a zhu\u0161\u0165ujte<\/b>!<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd sb\u011brn\u00fdm obrazem\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Zbavte se nejv\u00edce pochybn\u00e9 mikroservisy:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/4b72ede0452890027a950d31ced26405.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSpojte v\u0161echny mikroservisy odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed za generov\u00e1n\u00ed frontend.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3bf2831a637cfa148b032ba8c521353a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u2026 do jednoho mikroservisu, napsan\u00e9ho v jednom (modern\u00edm a norm\u00e1ln\u00edm, jak si mysl\u00edte) jazyce\/frameworku:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/73f53f5f4f41f72a7c6d187d855bbd95.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nBude m\u00edt jedno ORM (jednu datab\u00e1zi) a ze za\u010d\u00e1tku p\u00e1r aplikac\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/f44baf6a02bf00317f1395ab339f57a9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u2026 ale obecn\u011b sem m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159esunout mnohem v\u00edce a dos\u00e1hnout takov\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/97c02ae24199bca42e4bf24f8031578a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV Kubernetes to v\u0161echno spou\u0161t\u00edme jako samostatn\u00e9 instance, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee st\u00e1le m\u016f\u017eeme m\u011b\u0159it z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e a \u0161k\u00e1lovat je jednotliv\u011b.<\/p>\n<h2>Shrnuto<\/h2>\n<p>\nPod\u00edvejte se na situaci z \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed perspektivy. Velmi \u010dasto v\u0161echny tyto probl\u00e9my s mikroservisy vznikaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee n\u011bkdo vzal sv\u016fj \u00fakol, ale cht\u011bl \u201ehr\u00e1t si na mikroservisy\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><b>V term\u00ednu \u201emikroservisy\u201c je \u010d\u00e1st \u201emikro\u201c nadbyte\u010dn\u00e1.<\/b>. Jsou \u201emikro\u201c jen proto, \u017ee jsou men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ohromn\u00fd monolit. Ale nem\u011bli bychom je pova\u017eovat za n\u011bco mal\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>A pro z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dnou my\u0161lenku se vra\u0165me k p\u016fvodn\u00edmu grafu:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mikroslu\u017eby: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/a75665af4caa7c4982f70c59ec3c6e89.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPozn\u00e1mka k n\u011bmu <i>(vpravo naho\u0159e)<\/i> se z\u00fa\u017e\u00ed na to, \u017ee <b>dovednosti t\u00fdmu, kter\u00fd realizuje v\u00e1\u0161 projekt, jsou v\u017edy prim\u00e1rn\u00ed,<\/b> \u2014 pr\u00e1v\u011b ony hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i va\u0161em rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi mikroservisy a monolitem. Pokud t\u00fdmu chyb\u00ed dovednosti, ale za\u010dne d\u011blat mikroservisy, p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh ur\u010dit\u011b skon\u010d\u00ed fat\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n<h2>Video a slajdy<\/h2>\n<p>\nVideo z prezentace (~50 minut; bohu\u017eel nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u010detn\u00e9 emoce n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ur\u010dovaly atmosf\u00e9ru p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky, ale jak to je):<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"g9cgppj0gKQ\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/g9cgppj0gKQ\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Prezentace zpr\u00e1vy:<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"\/\/speakerdeck.com\/player\/f4f5ab9957084712bc92aa8a0ef61e45\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<h2>P.S.<\/h2>\n<p>\nDal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky na na\u0161em blogu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/flant\/blog\/412901\/\">Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb <i>(Dmitrij Stoljarov; 28. kv\u011btna 2018 na RootConf)<\/i>;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/flant\/blog\/345116\/\">Nejlep\u0161\u00ed praktiky CI\/CD s Kubernetes a GitLab<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb <i>(Dmitrij Stoljarov; 7. listopadu 2017 na HighLoad++)<\/i>;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/flant\/blog\/331188\/\">Na\u0161e zku\u0161enosti s Kubernetes v mal\u00fdch projektech<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb <i>(Dmitrij Stoljarov; 6. \u010dervna 2017 na RootConf)<\/i>;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/flant\/blog\/324274\/\">Sb\u00edr\u00e1me Docker obrazy pro CI\/CD rychle a pohodln\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s dapp<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb <i>(Dmitrij Stolyarov; 8. listopadu 2016 na HighLoad++)<\/i>;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/flant\/blog\/322686\/\">Praxe Continuous Delivery s Dockerem<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb <i>(Dmitrij Stolyarov; 31. kv\u011btna 2016 na RootConf)<\/i>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1s tak\u00e9 zaujmou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed publikace:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/flant\/blog\/347518\/\">Smrt mikroslu\u017eebn\u00e9ho \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed v roce 2018<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/flant\/blog\/425085\/\">7 nejlep\u0161\u00edch praktik pro provoz kontejner\u016f podle Google<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/flant\/blog\/340270\/\">Statistika The New Stack o obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edch s implementac\u00ed Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/424531\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>19 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043f HUG (Highload++ User Group), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0451\u043d \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043c. \u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0451\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u00ab\u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 Kubernetes\u00bb, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u0424\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u00bb \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439. \u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043e\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23651,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"19 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043f HUG (Highload++ User Group), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0451\u043d.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mikroservisy-razmer-imeet-znachenie-dazhe-esli-u-vas-kubernetes\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 Kubernetes | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"19 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043f HUG (Highload++ User Group), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0451\u043d.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mikroservisy-razmer-imeet-znachenie-dazhe-esli-u-vas-kubernetes\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:42:55+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:42:55+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Mikroservisy: velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1te Kubernetes | ProHoster","description":"19. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se v Moskv\u011b konal prvn\u00ed tematick\u00fd meet-up HUG (Highload++ User Group), kter\u00fd byl v\u011bnov\u00e1n.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mikroservisy-razmer-imeet-znachenie-dazhe-esli-u-vas-kubernetes","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 Kubernetes | ProHoster","og:description":"19 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043f HUG (Highload++ User Group), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0451\u043d.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mikroservisy-razmer-imeet-znachenie-dazhe-esli-u-vas-kubernetes","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T18:42:55+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T18:42:55+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"31761","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-21 07:42:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 03:11:22","updated":"2026-01-21 07:42:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31761"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31761\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}