{"id":31805,"date":"2019-10-31T21:43:13","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/tsifrovoe-radio-dab-kak-eto-rabotaet-i-nuzhno-li-ono-voobshhe\/"},"modified":"2021-02-01T11:37:14","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T09:37:14","slug":"tsifrovoe-radio-dab-kak-eto-rabotaet-i-nuzhno-li-ono-voobshhe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/tsifrovoe-radio-dab-kak-eto-rabotaet-i-nuzhno-li-ono-voobshhe","title":{"rendered":"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1dio DAB+ \u2013 jak to funguje a pot\u0159ebujeme to vlastn\u011b?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ahoj Habr.<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech se v Rusku, na Ukrajin\u011b a v B\u011blorusku diskutovalo o zaveden\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho rozhlasov\u00e9ho standardu DAB+. Zat\u00edmco v Rusku pokrok zat\u00edm nenastal, na Ukrajin\u011b a v B\u011blorusku se zd\u00e1, \u017ee ji\u017e p\u0159e\u0161li k testovac\u00edmu vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n

Jak to funguje, jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody a je to v\u016fbec pot\u0159ebn\u00e9? Podrobnosti n\u00ed\u017ee.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Technologie<\/h2>\n

My\u0161lenka digit\u00e1ln\u00edho rozhlasu za\u010dala vznikat na konci 80. let, kdy\u017e se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee 'm\u00edsto' v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m FM p\u00e1smu u\u017e nen\u00ed dost pro v\u0161echny z\u00e1jemce \u2014 ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech byl voln\u00fd spektrum v p\u00e1smu 88-108 MHz vy\u010derp\u00e1n. V tomto ohledu byl DAB pova\u017eov\u00e1n za slu\u0161nou alternativu \u2014 jedn\u00e1 se o digit\u00e1ln\u00ed standard, ve kter\u00e9m je d\u00edky efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 um\u00edstit v\u00edce stanic. V prvn\u00ed verzi DAB se pou\u017e\u00edval kodek MP2, ve druh\u00e9 verzi (DAB+) nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed HE-AAC. Samotn\u00fd standard je podle modern\u00edch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtek velmi star\u00fd \u2014 prvn\u00ed stanice DAB za\u010dala vys\u00edlat v roce 1995, zat\u00edmco stanice DAB+ v roce 2007. P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 'v\u011bk' standardu je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdhodou ne\u017e nev\u00fdhodou \u2014 nyn\u00ed nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m koupit r\u00e1dio podle libosti a pen\u011b\u017eenky.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi DAB a b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm FM je pom\u011brn\u011b hodn\u011b. A nejde jen o to, \u017ee jedno je 'digit\u00e1ln\u00ed' a druh\u00e9 'analogov\u00e9'. Li\u0161\u00ed se i princip samotn\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu obsahu. V FM ka\u017ed\u00e1 stanice vys\u00edl\u00e1 samostatn\u011b, zat\u00edmco v DAB+ jsou v\u0161echny stanice spojeny v 'multiplexu', p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v ka\u017ed\u00e9m z nich m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e 16 stanic. Jsou p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 frekven\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, tak\u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 zem\u011b si mohou vybrat ty, kter\u00e9 jsou voln\u00e9 od jin\u00fdch slu\u017eeb.
\n\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n

Z pohledu byznysu tento rozd\u00edl vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0159adu spor\u016f mezi vys\u00edlateli ohledn\u011b toho, jak vys\u00edlat v multiplexu. D\u0159\u00edve si vys\u00edlatel\u00e9 sami z\u00edsk\u00e1vali licenci na frekvenci, kupovali ant\u00e9nu a vys\u00edla\u010d, nyn\u00ed bude licence ud\u011blov\u00e1na oper\u00e1torovi multiplexu, kter\u00fd pak bude pronaj\u00edmat kan\u00e1ly r\u00e1diov\u00fdm stanic\u00edm. Je to lep\u0161\u00ed nebo hor\u0161\u00ed, t\u011b\u017eko \u0159\u00edci, n\u011bkdo preferuje m\u00edt v\u0161echno sv\u00e9, n\u011bkdo preferuje pron\u00e1jem.<\/p>\n

Mimochodem, v tomto ohledu m\u00e1 DAB obrovsk\u00fd a z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nev\u00fdhodu pro poslucha\u010de \u2014 cena pron\u00e1jmu multiplexu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na bitratu.<\/u>. A pokud si m\u00e1te vybrat mezi 192 a 64 kbps... mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je to ka\u017ed\u00e9mu jasn\u00e9, co bude vybr\u00e1no. Pokud je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vys\u00edlat v FM s \u0161patnou kvalitou, v DAB je to ekonomicky dokonce podp\u016frn\u00e9 (jasn\u011b, \u017ee to nen\u00ed vina autor\u016f standardu, ale i tak). Rusk\u00e9 ceny jsou prozat\u00edm samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00e9, ale m\u016f\u017eete se pod\u00edvat na p\u0159\u00edklad anglick\u00fdch. zde<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Z technick\u00e9ho hlediska p\u0159edstavuje multiplex DAB+ \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00fd sign\u00e1l o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce spektra p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,5 MHz, kter\u00fd je dob\u0159e viditeln\u00fd pomoc\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de RTL-SDR.
\n\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n

Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popis najdete v PDF. zde<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Konkuruj\u00edc\u00ed standardy<\/h2>\n

Vlastn\u011b jich nen\u00ed tolik. V Evrop\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 DAB+, v USA je popul\u00e1rn\u00ed standard HD Radio<\/a><\/noindex>, v Indii prob\u00edhaly experimenty se standardem DRM<\/a><\/noindex>, ale jak skon\u010dily, je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci.<\/p>\n

Mapa je trochu zastaral\u00e1 (v Rusku se tak\u00e9 testoval DRM, ale bylo to nakonec opu\u0161t\u011bno), ale celkovou my\u0161lenku pochop\u00edte:
\n\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed
\n(zdroj e2e.ti.com\/blogs\/b\/behind_the_wheel\/archive\/2014\/10\/08\/sdr-solves-the-digital-radio-conundrum<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od DAB \u0161li auto\u0159i standardu HD Radio jinou cestou - digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1l je um\u00edst\u011bn p\u0159\u00edmo vedle analogov\u00e9ho, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vys\u00edlatel\u016fm pou\u017e\u00edvat jejich vlastn\u00ed ant\u00e9ny a sto\u017e\u00e1ry.
\n\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n

To v\u0161ak ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kv\u016fli n\u011bmu\u017e v\u0161e za\u010d\u00ednalo - probl\u00e9m nedostatku voln\u00fdch m\u00edst ve spektru. A tak\u00e9 \u010dist\u011b geograficky (a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i politicky) v b\u00fdval\u00fdch zem\u00edch SNS vypad\u00e1 p\u0159ijet\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho standardu logi\u010dt\u011bji ne\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed americk\u00e9ho standardu - v\u00fdb\u011br evropsk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f je p\u0159ece jen v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a koupit p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed. V roce 2011 je\u0161t\u011b byla zm\u00ednka o rusk\u00e9m standardu RAVIS<\/a><\/noindex>, ale v\u0161echno to tak n\u011bjak utichlo (a d\u00edky bohu, proto\u017ee ni\u010d\u00edm nekompatibiln\u00ed vlastn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed standard by byl to nejhor\u0161\u00ed, co by se mohlo pro poslucha\u010de vymyslet).<\/p>\n

Testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Kone\u010dn\u011b se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k praktick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, tedy k testov\u00e1n\u00ed. V Rusku DAB zat\u00edm nefunguje, tak\u017ee budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat SDR nahr\u00e1vky z holandsk\u00e9ho multiplexu. Z\u00e1jemci z jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed se tak\u00e9 mohou p\u0159ipojit a poslat mi nahr\u00e1vky ve form\u00e1tu IQ, ty zpracov\u00e1m a ud\u011bl\u00e1m shrnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Co v\u016fbec lze poslouchat DAB? Proto\u017ee je standard digit\u00e1ln\u00ed, lze jej dek\u00f3dovat pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de rtl-sdr. Existuj\u00ed dva programy - qt-dab<\/a><\/noindex> a Welle.io<\/a><\/noindex>, ob\u011b um\u00ed pracovat s rtl-sdr.<\/p>\n

Qt-dab<\/a><\/noindex> vypad\u00e1 to jako studentsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce a autor se zjevn\u011b nezab\u00fdval designem \u2014 p\u00edsma se nevejdou do ovl\u00e1dac\u00edch prvk\u016f, okna se neskaluj\u00ed. Ale pro n\u00e1s je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed to, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje \u010d\u00edst a ps\u00e1t IQ soubory.
\n\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n

Welle.io<\/a><\/noindex> je st\u00e1le v beta verzi, ale funguje mnohem l\u00e9pe a dek\u00f3duje kvalitn\u011bji. Tak\u00e9 je k dispozici mo\u017enost vypsat pom\u011brn\u011b hodn\u011b dodate\u010dn\u00fdch ladic\u00edch informac\u00ed:
\n\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n

Ale welle.io zat\u00edm neum\u00ed pracovat s iq soubory, tak\u017ee budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat Qt-dab.<\/p>\n

Pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed jsem nahr\u00e1l 3 soubory na cloud.mail.ru, ka\u017ed\u00fd obsahuje minutu z\u00e1znamu DAB multiplexu, velikost souboru je asi 500 MB (to je velikost IQ z\u00e1znam\u016f pro SDR s \u0161\u00ed\u0159kou p\u00e1sma 2.4 MHz). Soubory lze otev\u0159\u00edt v Qt-dab, odkaz na sta\u017een\u00ed je uveden v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n

Soubor-1<\/b>: DAB-8A.sdr \u2014 cloud.mail.ru\/public\/97hr\/2QjuURtDq<\/a><\/noindex>. Multiplex 8A funguje na frekvenci 195.136 MHz a obsahuje 16 stanic. Bitrate v\u0161ech stanic je 64 Kbps.
\n\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n

Soubor-2<\/b>: DAB-11A.sdr \u2014 cloud.mail.ru\/public\/3VVR\/2mvjUjKQD<\/a><\/noindex>. Multiplex 11A na frekvenci 216.928 MHz. Obsahuje 6 stanic s bitrate 48, 48, 48, 48, 64 a 48 KBps.
\n\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n

Soubor-3<\/b>: DAB-11C.sdr \u2014 cloud.mail.ru\/public\/3pHT\/2qM4dTK4s<\/a><\/noindex>. Multiplex 11C na frekvenci 220.352 MHz, tak\u00e9 obsahuje 16 stanic. Bitrate v\u0161ech stanic je n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: 80, 80, 80, 80, 56, 96, 80, 64, 56, 48, 64, 64, 64, 96, 80 a 64 Kbps.
\n\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n

Jak je vid\u011bt, po\u010det stanic nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m, ale hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je n\u00edzk\u00fd bitrate. Co se t\u00fd\u010de samotn\u00e9ho obsahu, chut\u011b se li\u0161\u00ed a nebudu to diskutovat, chtiv\u00ed si mohou soubory st\u00e1hnout a poslechnout sami. V z\u00e1znamech nejsou v\u0161echny multiplexy, ale celkov\u00e1 my\u0161lenka, douf\u00e1m, je jasn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/h2>\n

Pokud mluv\u00edme o perspektiv\u00e1ch digit\u00e1ln\u00edho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed, bohu\u017eel jsou docela smutn\u00e9. Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou DAB je efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed spektra, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje um\u00edstit do \u00e9teru v\u00edce stanic. V tomto ohledu DAB+ d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl pouze pro ta m\u011bsta, kde ji\u017e nen\u00ed voln\u00e9 m\u00edsto na FM. Pro Rusko to asi plat\u00ed pouze pro Moskvu a Petrohrad, ve v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch m\u011bstech takov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my nejsou.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o kvalitu zvuku, technicky DAB+ m\u016f\u017ee poskytovat bitrate a\u017e 192 kbps, co\u017e nab\u00edz\u00ed prakticky HiFi zvuk. V praxi, jak jsme vid\u011bli v\u00fd\u0161e, vys\u00edlac\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u0161et\u0159\u00ed a nep\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed ani na \u00farove\u0148 100 kbps. Ze t\u0159\u00ed multiplex\u016f byla jen jedna (!) stanice, kter\u00e1 vys\u00edlala v 96 kbps (a vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed hudby s 48 kbps bych nemohl nazvat ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e znesv\u011bcen\u00edm \u2014 takov\u00e9 vysilatele by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zbaveny licence;). Tak\u017ee bohu\u017eel, lze s p\u0159esnost\u00ed 99 % \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159echod z FM na DAB povede ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kvality zvuku. hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e bylo.<\/u>. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, situace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch lep\u0161\u00ed, ale jako p\u0159\u00edklad je anglick\u00fd p\u0159ehled na youtube s v\u00fdmluvn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem Why DAB sounds so BAD<\/a><\/noindex>. Technicky DAB funguje dob\u0159e a nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhrady, ale ekonomicky, \"pen\u00edze zv\u00edt\u011bzily nad zlem.\"<\/p>\n

Pokud se vr\u00e1t\u00edme k Rusku, m\u00e1 smysl v\u016fbec za\u010d\u00edt s DAB vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00edm? Z hlediska mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho presti\u017ee asi ano, aby Rusko nevypadalo v o\u010d\u00edch soused\u016f jako zaostal\u00e1 zem\u011b t\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta, a jako bonus, aby automobily a r\u00e1dia zakoupen\u00e9 v Evrop\u011b mohla pln\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmat v\u0161echny stanice. Ale z pohledu poslucha\u010d\u016f a kvality zvuku pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody v kvalit\u011b zvuku ani obsahu u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nez\u00edskaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokud v\u0161ak uva\u017eujeme o vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edch perspektiv\u00e1ch, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v budoucnu bude r\u00e1dio za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm s integrovanou e-sim a p\u0159edplatn\u00fdm na Yandex.Music, Spotify nebo Apple Music p\u0159i koupi. Budoucnost rozhodn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed streamovac\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m a personalizovan\u00e9mu obsahu. Jak brzy k tomu dojde, uvid\u00edme, \u010das uk\u00e1\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 DAB+. \u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u044b, \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435? \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23687,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1dio DAB+ \u2014 jak to funguje a je to vlastn\u011b pot\u0159eba? | ProHoster","description":"Ahoj Habr. 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