{"id":32381,"date":"2019-10-31T21:46:44","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novyj-tip-ssd-hranilishh-sokratit-energopotreblenie-v-tsod-kak-eto-rabotaet\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:46:44","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:46:44","slug":"novyj-tip-ssd-hranilishh-sokratit-energopotreblenie-v-tsod-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-tip-ssd-hranilishh-sokratit-energopotreblenie-v-tsod-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00fd typ SSD \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie v datov\u00fdch centrech \u2014 jak to funguje","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
Syst\u00e9m sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1klady na elektrickou energii na polovinu.<\/h5>\n

\n\"Nov\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Andy Melton<\/a><\/noindex> CC BY-SA<\/i><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je nov\u00e1 architektura pot\u0159ebn\u00e1<\/h2>\n

\nPodle odhad\u016f Data Centre Dynamics<\/a><\/noindex>, do roku 2030 budou elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vat 40% ve\u0161ker\u00e9 energie vyroben\u00e9 na planet\u011b. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20% z tohoto objemu p\u0159ipadne na IT sektor a datov\u00e1 centra. Podle informac\u00ed<\/noindex> evropsk\u00fdch analytik\u016f u\u017e datov\u00e1 centra \u201eberou\u201c 1,4% ve\u0161ker\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee toto \u010d\u00edslo vzroste na 5% do roku 2020.<\/a><\/noindex>.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSignifikantn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st elektrick\u00e9 energie spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed SSD \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. V obdob\u00ed od 2012 do 2017 pod\u00edl pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f v datov\u00fdch centrech vzrostl z 8 na 22%.<\/a><\/noindex>A\u010dkoliv SSD spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed o t\u0159etinu m\u00e9n\u011b energie (PDF, str. 13<\/a><\/noindex>), n\u00e1klady na elektrickou energii v datov\u00fdch centrech jsou st\u00e1le vysok\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Aby se sn\u00ed\u017eila spot\u0159eba energie pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f v datov\u00fdch centrech, in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i z MIT navrhli novou architekturu SSD \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165. Ta byla ozna\u010dena jako LightStore a umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ipojit disky p\u0159\u00edmo k s\u00edti datov\u00fdch center, obch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ukl\u00e1dac\u00ed servery. Podle slov<\/a><\/noindex> autor\u016f syst\u00e9m sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1klady na elektrickou energii na polovinu.<\/p>\n

Jak to funguje<\/h2>\n

\nLightStore je flash \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b typu kl\u00ed\u010d-hodnota, ve kter\u00e9m jsou u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 dotazy na disky zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny jako kl\u00ed\u010de. Ty jsou pak odesl\u00e1ny na server, kter\u00fd uvol\u0148uje data spojen\u00e1 s t\u00edmto kl\u00ed\u010dem.<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m obsahuje<\/noindex> sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je energeticky efektivn\u00ed procesor, DRAM a NAND pam\u011b\u0165. Ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 ji ovlada\u010d a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed software. Ovlada\u010d zaji\u0161\u0165uje pr\u00e1ci s poli NAND, zat\u00edmco software se star\u00e1 o zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed KV dotaz\u016f a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1r\u016f kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f. Architektura softwaru je postavena na LSM stromu,<\/a><\/noindex>kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mnoha modern\u00edch datab\u00e1zov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n

Sch\u00e9ma architektury lze zn\u00e1zornit n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd
\n
\nNa sch\u00e9matu jsou zobrazeny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed komponenty LightStore. Klaster uzl\u016f pracuje s p\u00e1ry kl\u00ed\u010d-hodnota. Aplika\u010dn\u00ed servery se p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed k syst\u00e9mu pomoc\u00ed adapt\u00e9r\u016f. Ty p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed klientsk\u00e9 dotazy (nap\u0159\u00edklad fread() z API POSIX) na KV dotazy. Architektura tak\u00e9 m\u00e1 samostatn\u00e9 adapt\u00e9ry pro YCSB,<\/a><\/noindex>blokov\u00e1 (na z\u00e1klad\u011b BUSE modulu) a souborov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed dotaz\u016f adapt\u00e9r pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 konzistentn\u00ed hashov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/a><\/noindex>To se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v syst\u00e9mech jako Redis nebo Swift. Pomoc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de KV dotazu adapt\u00e9r generuje hash kl\u00ed\u010d, jeho\u017e hodnota ur\u010duje c\u00edlov\u00fd uzel.<\/p>\n

Kapacita clusteru LightStore se line\u00e1rn\u011b \u0161k\u00e1luje \u2014 sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ipojit dal\u0161\u00ed uzly do s\u00edt\u011b. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pot\u0159eba zakoupit nov\u00e9 switche. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i vybavili ka\u017ed\u00fd uzel dal\u0161\u00edmi sloty pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed NAND \u010dip\u016f.<\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1l architektury<\/h2>\n

\nIn\u017een\u00fd\u0159i z MIT uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee propustnost \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na b\u00e1zi LightStore dosahuje 620 Mbit\/s pro 10gigabitov\u00fd Ethernet. Jeden uzel spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 10 W m\u00edsto obvykl\u00fdch 20 W (v SSD syst\u00e9mech pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch datov\u00fdmi centry dnes). Krom\u011b toho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zauj\u00edm\u00e1 dvakr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i d\u011blaj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fapravy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad LightStore zat\u00edm neum\u00ed pracovat s dotazy podle rozsahu a mal\u00fdmi dotazy. Tyto funkce budou p\u0159id\u00e1ny v budoucnosti, proto\u017ee LightStore pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 LSM stromy. Syst\u00e9m krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 omezenou sadu adapt\u00e9ru \u2014 podporov\u00e1ny jsou YCSB a blokov\u00e9 adapt\u00e9ry. V budoucnu bude LightStore schopn\u00fd zpracov\u00e1vat SQL dotazy a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj<\/h2>\n

\nV l\u00e9t\u011b 2018 p\u0159edstavila spole\u010dnost Marvell, v\u00fdrobce \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, novou \u0159adu SSD kontrol\u00e9r\u016f na b\u00e1zi syst\u00e9m\u016f AI. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i integrovali akceler\u00e1tory hlubok\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed NVIDIA do standardn\u00edch kontrol\u00e9r\u016f pro datov\u00e1 centra a klientsk\u00e9 aplikace. V d\u016fsledku toho vytvo\u0159ili autonomn\u00ed architekturu, kter\u00e1 spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b energie ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s klasick\u00fdmi SSD kontrol\u00e9ry. Spole\u010dnost douf\u00e1, \u017ee syst\u00e9m najde uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v okrajov\u00e9m v\u00fdpo\u010dtu, anal\u00fdze velk\u00fdch dat a IoT.<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno byla obnovena \u0159ada disk\u016f Western Digital Blue. V dubnu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159edstavili \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u2014 WD Blue SSD na b\u00e1zi technologi\u00ed SanDisk, kter\u00e9 WD zakoupila p\u0159ed rokem. Aktualizovan\u00e9 WD Blue SSD se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem a energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed. Architektura je postavena na z\u00e1klad\u011b specifikace NVMe<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 otev\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k SSD p\u0159ipojen\u00fdm p\u0159es PCI Express.<\/p>\n

Tato specifikace zvy\u0161uje efektivitu pr\u00e1ce SSD disk\u016f s velk\u00fdm po\u010dtem sou\u010dasn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f a zrychluje p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm. D\u00e1le NVMe umo\u017e\u0148uje standardizaci rozhran\u00ed SSD \u2014 v\u00fdrobci hardwaru u\u017e nebudou muset vynakl\u00e1dat zdroje<\/a><\/noindex> na v\u00fdvoj unik\u00e1tn\u00edch ovlada\u010d\u016f, konektor\u016f a form\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vyhl\u00eddky<\/h2>\n

\nTrh SSD \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 pro datov\u00e1 centra sm\u011b\u0159uje k zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed architektury, automatizaci komponent\u016f \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i z MIT \u0159e\u0161\u00ed posledn\u00ed \u00fakol. Auto\u0159i v\u011b\u0159\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee LightStore se stane odv\u011btvov\u00fdm standardem pro SSD \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b v datov\u00fdch centrech. A lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee v budoucnu na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b vzniknou nov\u00e9, je\u0161t\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed architektury.<\/p>\n

\nN\u011bkolik materi\u00e1l\u016f z Prvn\u00edho blogu o firemn\u00edm IaaS:<\/p>\n