{"id":32930,"date":"2019-10-31T21:49:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/amd-byla-osnovana-rovno-50-let-nazad-so-startovym-kapitalom-v-50-tysyach\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:49:45","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:45","slug":"amd-byla-osnovana-rovno-50-let-nazad-so-startovym-kapitalom-v-50-tysyach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/amd-byla-osnovana-rovno-50-let-nazad-so-startovym-kapitalom-v-50-tysyach","title":{"rendered":"AMD byla zalo\u017eena p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159ed 50 lety s po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm kapit\u00e1lem 50 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Polovodi\u010dov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl je pom\u011brn\u011b mlad\u00fd a mnoha velk\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem v n\u011bm je pouze n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let. Ale existuj\u00ed i veter\u00e1ni, kte\u0159\u00ed slav\u00ed p\u016fl stolet\u00ed. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed Intel (kter\u00fd oslavila<\/a><\/noindex> 50 let od sv\u00e9ho zalo\u017een\u00ed v minul\u00e9m roce) a jej\u00ed dlouholet\u00fd konkurent AMD. Poj\u010fme si p\u0159ipomenout n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 miln\u00edky v bohat\u00e9 historii spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 byla zalo\u017eena 1. kv\u011btna 1969 se s\u00eddlem v Sunnyvale (Kalifornie) s z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kapit\u00e1lem pouh\u00fdch 50 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00edm gener\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159editelem AMD, od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1969, byl jeden ze spoluzakladatel\u016f, Jerry Sanders, kter\u00fd firmu vedl \u00factyhodn\u00fdch 33 let, ne\u017e v dubnu 2002 ode\u0161el. Spole\u010dnost se py\u0161n\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee jednou z jeho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch fr\u00e1z\u00ed bylo \u201eHlavn\u00ed jsou lid\u00e9, produkty a p\u0159\u00edjmy se pak dostav\u00ed\u201c, co\u017e je princip, kter\u00fdm se AMD dodnes \u0159\u00edd\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem spole\u010dnosti byl v\u00fdroba prvn\u00edho v oboru bin\u00e1rn\u00edho\/hexadecim\u00e1ln\u00edho logick\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edta\u010de Am2501 (vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj AMD) v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1970, kter\u00fd se na trhu uk\u00e1zal jako velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd a stal se d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm miln\u00edkem v cel\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed. O dva roky pozd\u011bji, v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1972, se spole\u010dnost stala ve\u0159ejnou: bylo vyd\u00e1no 500 tis\u00edc akci\u00ed za cenu 15,5 dolaru za kus: v r\u00e1mci prvotn\u00edho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho nab\u00eddnut\u00ed bylo p\u0159it\u00e1hnuto 7,2 milionu dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00edch letech existence AMD, krom\u011b vlastn\u00edch \u010dip\u016f, vyr\u00e1b\u011bla tak\u00e9 procesory na licen\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1zi. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v roce 1975 podepsala spole\u010dnost k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 licen\u010dn\u00ed smlouvy s Intelem a za\u010dala vyr\u00e1b\u011bt sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed procesor pro PC (am9080, analog Intel 8080), vyvinut\u00fd AMD na z\u00e1klad\u011b in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9ho odvozen\u00ed, kter\u00fd byl kompatibiln\u00ed s origin\u00e1lem podle sady instrukc\u00ed, ale 40 % ho p\u0159ekon\u00e1val v rychlosti.<\/p>\n

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\n\"AMD<\/p>\n

Velk\u00fdm miln\u00edkem pro spole\u010dnost bylo podeps\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy s IBM v roce 1982, podle kter\u00e9 se AMD stala druh\u00fdm dodavatelem mikroprocesor\u016f pro IBM PC s architekturou iAPX86. V \u00fanoru 1986 AMD p\u0159edstavila prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b megabitov\u00fd (65K \u00d7 16-bit) programovateln\u00fd \u010dip EEPROM, vyroben\u00fd pomoc\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed technologie AMD CMOS. Tento produkt umo\u017enil v\u00fdrobc\u016fm rychleji vyv\u00edjet prototypy a p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat sv\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm trh\u016fm.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V b\u0159eznu 1991 AMD p\u0159edstavila rodinu procesor\u016f Am386, kompatibiln\u00edch se 32-bitov\u00fdmi procesory s architekturou 80386 - byly popul\u00e1rn\u00ed jako cenov\u011b dostupn\u00e9 alternativy \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed Intel. V dubnu 1993 vstoupil na trh Am486, kter\u00fd p\u0159ekon\u00e1val analoga Intelu v\u00fdkonem o 20 %, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u011bl stejnou cenu. V podstat\u011b se jednalo o klony \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed Intel.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V b\u0159eznu 1996 prob\u011bhlo debut zn\u00e1m\u00fdch 350nm procesor\u016f AMD-K5, prvn\u00edho nez\u00e1visle navr\u017een\u00e9ho procesoru x86, kter\u00fd byl kompatibiln\u00ed se socketem konkurenta, ale zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na architektu\u0159e RISC. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 instrukce byly p\u0159evedeny na mikroinstrukce, co\u017e pomohlo v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon. Ale tentokr\u00e1t se AMD nepoda\u0159ilo p\u0159ekonat Intel v taktu.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dip\u016f AMD-K6 v dubnu 1997 umo\u017enilo poprv\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit cenu PC pod psychologickou hranici $1000. Tyto 250-nm \u010dipy byly zalo\u017eeny na prac\u00edch spole\u010dnosti NextGen a dal\u0161\u00ed architektu\u0159e zalo\u017een\u00e9 na RISC Nx686. AMD se soust\u0159edila na pom\u011br ceny a v\u00fdkonu, proto\u017ee se j\u00ed nepoda\u0159ilo p\u0159ekonat Pentium II. Architektura K6 byla n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t vylep\u0161ena (v K6 II bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no n\u011bkolik instruk\u010dn\u00edch sad zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako technologie 3DNow!, a v K6 III - cache L2).<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Opravdov\u00fd pr\u016flom pro AMD v\u0161ak nastal v \u010dervnu 1999 s uveden\u00edm sedm\u00e9 generace procesor\u016f, slavn\u00fdch Athlon, kter\u00e9 umo\u017enily spole\u010dnosti vybojovat si prvenstv\u00ed v oblasti v\u00fdkonu p\u0159ed Intelem. Byly to tak\u00e9 prvn\u00ed procesory, p\u0159i jejich\u017e v\u00fdrob\u011b byla pou\u017eita m\u011b\u010f m\u00edsto hlin\u00edku.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V b\u0159eznu 2000 byl uveden Athlon 1000, kter\u00fd jako prvn\u00ed v oboru dos\u00e1hl frekvence 1 GHz. A ji\u017e v \u010dervnu 2001 za\u010dala \u00e9ra modern\u00edch v\u00edcej\u00e1drov\u00fdch procesor\u016f s uveden\u00edm Athlon MP. Mimochodem, Athlon MP byl prvn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm AMD, vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm s c\u00edlem na trh servery<\/a> a pracovn\u00edch stanic.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

25. dubna 2002 se nov\u00fdm gener\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159editelem spole\u010dnosti AMD stal Hector Ruiz, kter\u00fd ve spole\u010dnosti pracoval jako provozn\u00ed \u0159editel a prezident od ledna 2000 a d\u0159\u00edve \u0159\u00eddil oblast polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch produkt\u016f Motorola. Ji\u017e v lednu 2003 uzav\u0159el se spole\u010dnost\u00ed IBM strategickou dohodu o spole\u010dn\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji v\u00fdrobn\u00edch technologi\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm pokro\u010dil\u00fdch struktur a materi\u00e1l\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b SOI tranzistor\u016f (k\u0159em\u00edk na izol\u00e1toru), m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch spoj\u016f a vylep\u0161en\u00fdch izol\u00e1tor\u016f s n\u00edzkou dielektrickou konstantou.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V dubnu 2003 se objevil prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b procesor x86 s 64bitovou architekturou, kter\u00e1 se nyn\u00ed stala b\u011b\u017enou normou. Byl to serverov\u00fd Opteron na b\u00e1zi AMD64. Ji\u017e v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z\u00edskali u\u017eivatel\u00e9 PC tak\u00e9 64bitov\u00e9 \u010dipy v podob\u011b Athlon 64 FX, kter\u00e9 byly tehdy pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 procesory na trhu.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed historickou miln\u00edkem bylo bezpochyby p\u0159evzet\u00ed spole\u010dnosti ATI Technologies v \u0159\u00edjnu 2006 za 5,4 miliardy dolar\u016f, co\u017e byl jeden z p\u0159edn\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f grafick\u00fdch karet v t\u00e9 dob\u011b. Tento t\u00fdm, kter\u00fd se postupn\u011b m\u011bnil, je odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za v\u0161echny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed GPU vydan\u00e9 pod zna\u010dkou Radeon. Grafick\u00e9 karty se staly velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti a tento nov\u00fd tr\u017en\u00ed segment pom\u00e1hal p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 \u010dasy.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2007 byl uveden na trh prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b 4-j\u00e1drov\u00fd monolitick\u00fd procesor AMD Opteron. Z\u00edskal tak\u00e9 technologii Rapid Virtualization Indexing pro virtualiza\u010dn\u00ed \u00fakoly. V \u010dervnu 2008 AMD p\u0159edstavila FireSteam 9250, prvn\u00ed GPU, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekonalo hranici v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkonu p\u0159es 1 teraflops. Bylo to specializovan\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro vysoce paraleln\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty obecn\u00e9ho ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V \u010dervenci 2008, po m\u011bs\u00edci, se op\u011bt zm\u011bnil gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel a prezident AMD - stal se j\u00edm Dirk Meyer, kter\u00fd pracoval ve spole\u010dnosti od roku 1995 a pod\u00edlel se na v\u00fdvoji p\u016fvodn\u00edho procesoru Athlon. Bohu\u017eel pro spole\u010dnost, pr\u00e1v\u011b za jeho veden\u00ed byly pro optimalizaci n\u00e1klad\u016f uzav\u0159eny mnoh\u00e9 perspektivn\u00ed projekty, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdvoje mobiln\u00edch SoC na b\u00e1zi ARM - v lednu 2009 Qualcomm zakoupil Imageon IP (mobiln\u00ed grafiku ATI) a nad\u00e1le ji aktivn\u011b rozv\u00edj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch GPU Adreno (toto jm\u00e9no je anagramem Radeonu).<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V b\u0159eznu 2009 se spole\u010dnost rozhodla zam\u011b\u0159it na v\u00fdvoj \u010dip\u016f a vy\u010dlenila v\u00fdrobu do nov\u00e9ho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho podniku GlobalFoundries s arabskou ATIC. Ten existoval pom\u011brn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b, av\u0161ak ned\u00e1vno se jeho majitel\u00e9 rozhodli ukon\u010dit konkurenci s TSMC, Samsungem a dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159edn\u00edmi v\u00fdrobci polovodi\u010d\u016f a zastavili pr\u00e1ce na zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch 7nm proces\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Grafick\u00e9 karty s frekvenc\u00ed nad 1 GHz dnes nikoho nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed, ale prvn\u00edm takov\u00fdm produktem se v kv\u011btnu 2009 stala ATI Radeon HD 4890, kter\u00e1 byla vyr\u00e1b\u011bna v verz\u00edch s tov\u00e1rn\u00edm p\u0159etaktov\u00e1n\u00edm GPU a\u017e na 1 GHz a vzduchov\u00fdm chlazen\u00edm. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2009 byla p\u0159edstavena technologie ATI Eyefinity, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila p\u0159ipojit k jedn\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 kart\u011b a\u017e \u0161est vysoce rozli\u0161en\u00fdch displej\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Akvizice ATI byla v mnoha ohledech zam\u011b\u0159ena na efektivn\u00ed propojen\u00ed GPU a CPU v jednom produktu, a v \u010dervnu 2010 AMD na Computexu 2010 p\u0159edstavila sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed urychlen\u00fd procesor. V lednu 2011 byl na trh uveden prvn\u00ed jedno\u010dipov\u00fd APU.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V srpnu 2011 byla vedouc\u00ed pozice spole\u010dnosti p\u0159ed\u00e1na Rorymu Reedovi, kter\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161el z podobn\u00e9 pozice ze spole\u010dnosti Lenovo Group. V \u010dervnu 2012 bylo v procesorech AMD z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f (zejm\u00e9na pro online platby) implementov\u00e1no zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed j\u00e1dro zalo\u017een\u00e9 na technologii ARM TrustZone. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b Reed na sv\u00e9 pozici dlouho nez\u016fstal - u\u017e v \u0159\u00edjnu 2014 se veden\u00ed spole\u010dnosti ujala jej\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e1 l\u00eddryn\u011b Lisa Su.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V roce 2012 AMD p\u0159edstavila novou grafickou architekturu Graphics Core Next (GCN). Prvn\u00ed grafickou kartou se stala Radeon HD 7770. V GCN byla zavedena podpora adresace x86 s unifikovan\u00fdm adresn\u00edm prostorem pro CPU a GPU, za\u010daly se pou\u017e\u00edvat instrukce RISC SIMD nam\u00edsto VLIW MIMD pro GPGPU a byly provedeny dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny. Dodnes je tato architektura, kter\u00e1 se neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed, z\u00e1kladem grafick\u00fdch akceler\u00e1tor\u016f spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b GCN se stala z\u00e1kladem pro modern\u00ed konzole Xbox One a PlayStation 4, kter\u00e9 byly uvedeny na trh v letech 2013-2014 - ob\u011b syst\u00e9my obsahovaly podobn\u00e9 (s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi nuancemi) SoC od AMD s 8 j\u00e1dry CPU Jaguar a r\u016fzn\u00fdm po\u010dtem v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch blok\u016f GPU. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b novou architekturou GPU od AMD bude Navi, kter\u00e1 se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pro PS5 a Xbox Next.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V listopadu 2014 AMD p\u0159edstavila otev\u0159en\u00fd standard synchronizace vykreslov\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f s frekvenc\u00ed obrazovky - FreeSync, kter\u00fd je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m jako VESA Adaptive Sync a po ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 podpo\u0159e od NVIDIA v r\u00e1mci kompatibility G-Sync se stal v podstat\u011b pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm standardem. Technologie ide\u00e1ln\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje zbavit se trh\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e dosahuje minim\u00e1ln\u00edho zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed odezvy a plynulej\u0161\u00edho hern\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V \u010dervnu 2015 spole\u010dnost uvedla na trh prvn\u00ed grafickou kartu, kter\u00e1 spojila pod jedn\u00edm balen\u00edm vysokorychlostn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 HBM a GPU - vlajkov\u00e1 lo\u010f AMD Radeon R9 Fury X z\u00edskala v\u00fdznamn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed propustnost a t\u0159ikr\u00e1t p\u0159ed\u010dila v\u00fdkon pam\u011bti GDDR p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace na watt.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

AMD od dob K10 a Bulldozer beznad\u011bjn\u011b zaost\u00e1vala za Intelem v oblasti v\u00fdkonu CPU, ale v \u010dervnu 2016 se objevilo sv\u011btlo na konci tunelu: spole\u010dnost poprv\u00e9 uk\u00e1zala procesor na zcela nov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e x86 Zen pro socket AM4. Byl to 8j\u00e1drov\u00fd 16vl\u00e1knov\u00fd \u010dip, kter\u00fd se v prosinci 2016 prom\u011bnil v prvn\u00ed generaci v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch CPU Ryzen, kter\u00e1 donutila Intel tak\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt zvy\u0161ovat po\u010det jader. Nen\u00ed divu, vzhledem k uveden\u00ed procesor\u016f AMD Threadripper pro nad\u0161ence. V l\u00e9t\u011b 2017 architektura Zen vstoupila na serverov\u00fd trh d\u00edky rodin\u011b EPYC.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V listopadu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku spole\u010dnost p\u0159edstavila prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b 7nm GPU pro datov\u00e1 centra v podob\u011b Radeon Instinct MI60 a MI40 pro \u00falohy strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed a vysoce paraleln\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty. Ji\u017e v tomto roce se objevila prvn\u00ed 7nm Radeon VII a brzy se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch 7nm procesor\u016f Ryzen 3000 zalo\u017een\u00fdch na architektu\u0159e Zen 2 a 7nm grafick\u00fdch karet zalo\u017een\u00fdch na GPU Navi. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee AMD za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 rozmach a p\u0159ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed s pades\u00e1tiletou histori\u00ed je je\u0161t\u011b mnoho zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho, v\u010detn\u011b platformy Google Stadia.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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