{"id":32975,"date":"2019-10-31T21:50:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chto-slyshno-v-radioefire-prinimaem-i-dekodiruem-naibolee-interesnye-signaly\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:50:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:01","slug":"chto-slyshno-v-radioefire-prinimaem-i-dekodiruem-naibolee-interesnye-signaly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-slyshno-v-radioefire-prinimaem-i-dekodiruem-naibolee-interesnye-signaly","title":{"rendered":"Co se d\u011bje v r\u00e1diov\u00e9m \u00e9teru? P\u0159\u00edjm\u00e1me a dek\u00f3dujeme nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1ly","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ahoj Habr.<\/p>\n

Na dvorku u\u017e je 21. stolet\u00ed a zd\u00e1lo by se, \u017ee data lze p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et v HD kvalit\u011b i na Mars. Av\u0161ak st\u00e1le existuje dost zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v r\u00e1diov\u00e9m \u00e9teru a lze zaslechnout spoustu zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f. <\/p>\n

\"Co
\n
\nV\u0161echny z nich samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nelze proj\u00edt, pokus\u00edme se vybrat ty nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze p\u0159ij\u00edmat a dek\u00f3dovat samostatn\u011b pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. K p\u0159\u00edjmu sign\u00e1l\u016f pou\u017eijeme nizozemsk\u00fd online p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d WebSDR<\/a><\/noindex>, dekod\u00e9r MultiPSK a program Virtual Audio Cable.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pro p\u0159ehlednost budeme signalizovat sign\u00e1ly podle rostouc\u00ed frekvence. Vys\u00edlac\u00ed stanice nebudu rozeb\u00edrat, to je nudn\u00e9 a ban\u00e1ln\u00ed, kdo si chce poslechnout R\u00e1dio \u010c\u00edny v AM, m\u016f\u017ee to ud\u011blat i s\u00e1m. A my se p\u0159esuneme k zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sign\u00e1l\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Sign\u00e1ly p\u0159esn\u00e9ho \u010dasu<\/h2>\n

\nNa frekvenci 77,5 kHz (dlouh\u00e9 vlny) se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1ly p\u0159esn\u00e9ho \u010dasu n\u011bmeck\u00e9 stanice DCF77. Jsme si jich ji\u017e byli samostatn\u00e1 \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a><\/noindex>, tak\u017ee pouze kr\u00e1tce zopakuji, \u017ee je to jednoduch\u00fd sign\u00e1l v amplitudov\u00e9 modulaci \u2014 r\u016fzn\u011b dlouh\u00e1 k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u201e1\u201c a \u201e0\u201c, v\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee za jednu minutu je p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n 58-bitov\u00fd k\u00f3d.
\n\"Co
\n<\/p>\n

130-140 kHz \u2014 telemetrie elektrick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed<\/h2>\n

\nNa t\u011bchto frekvenc\u00edch, pokud v\u011b\u0159\u00edme webu radioscanner<\/a><\/noindex>, se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sign\u00e1ly \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed N\u011bmecka.
\n\"Co
\n
\nSign\u00e1l je dost siln\u00fd a podle hodnocen\u00ed je p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n dokonce i v Austr\u00e1lii. Lze jej dek\u00f3dovat v MultiPSK, pokud nastav\u00edte parametry, jak je uvedeno na screenshotu.
\n\"Co
\n
\nNa v\u00fdstupu dostaneme datov\u00e9 pakety, jejich\u017e struktura je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00e1; kdo chce, m\u016f\u017ee experimentovat a v\u011bnovat se anal\u00fdze ve sv\u00e9m voln\u00e9m \u010dase. Technicky je samotn\u00fd sign\u00e1l velmi jednoduch\u00fd, metoda se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) a spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tvorb\u011b bitov\u00e9 sekvence pomoc\u00ed zm\u011bny frekvence p\u0159enosu. Tent\u00fd\u017e sign\u00e1l v podob\u011b spektra \u2014 bity lze spo\u010d\u00edtat i ru\u010dn\u011b.
\n\"Co
\n<\/p>\n

Meteorologick\u00fd teletyp<\/h2>\n

\nNa uveden\u00e9m spektru, celkem bl\u00edzko, na frekvenci 147 kHz, je vid\u011bt dal\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1l. Je to (tak\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e1) stanice DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst), kter\u00e1 vys\u00edl\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy pro lod\u011b. Krom\u011b t\u00e9to frekvence se sign\u00e1ly p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed tak\u00e9 na 11039 a 14467 kHz. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed je zobrazen na screenshotu.
\n\"Co
\n
\nPrincip k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed teletypu je stejn\u00fd, FSK, ale zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed textu. Je 5-bitov\u00e9, pomoc\u00ed k\u00f3du Bodo<\/a><\/noindex>, a m\u00e1 prakticky 100letou historii.
\n\"Co
\n
\nZd\u00e1 se, \u017ee podobn\u00fd k\u00f3d se pou\u017e\u00edval i na perforovan\u00fdch p\u00e1sech, a teletype s po\u010das\u00edm se rozes\u00edlaly u\u017e od 60. let, jak je vid\u011bt, st\u00e1le funguj\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, na skute\u010dn\u00e9 lodi nen\u00ed sign\u00e1l dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u2013 existuj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de, kter\u00e9 sign\u00e1l zachyt\u00ed a zobraz\u00ed na obrazovce.
\n\"Co
\n
\nCelkov\u011b, i p\u0159i existenci satelitn\u00ed komunikace a Internetu, p\u0159enos dat t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jednoduch\u00fdm, spolehliv\u00fdm a levn\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem. I kdy\u017e, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee jednou i tyto syst\u00e9my p\u0159ejdou do historie a budou zcela nahrazeny digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi slu\u017ebami. Tak\u017ee z\u00e1jemc\u016fm o p\u0159ijet\u00ed takov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zdr\u017eovat nedoporu\u010duje. <\/p>\n

Meteofax<\/h2>\n

\nDal\u0161\u00ed legacy sign\u00e1l s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u011b dlouhou histori\u00ed. V tomto sign\u00e1lu se obraz p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v analogov\u00e9 podob\u011b<\/i> s rychlost\u00ed 120 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f za minutu (existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 hodnoty, nap\u0159\u00edklad 60 nebo 240 LPM), pro k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed jasnosti se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 frekven\u010dn\u00ed modulace \u2013 jasnost ka\u017ed\u00e9ho bodu obrazu je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 zm\u011bn\u011b frekvence. Tato jednoduch\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma umo\u017enila p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et obr\u00e1zky u\u017e v dob\u00e1ch, kdy o \"digit\u00e1ln\u00edch sign\u00e1lech\" m\u00e1lo kdo sly\u0161el.<\/p>\n

Popul\u00e1rn\u00ed v evropsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti a pohodln\u00e9 pro p\u0159\u00edjem je ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 stanice DWD (Deutsche Wetterdienst), kter\u00e1 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy na frekvenc\u00edch 3855, 7880 a 13882 kHz. Jinou organizac\u00ed, jej\u00ed\u017e faxy nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout, je britsk\u00e9 Joint Operational Meteorology and Oceanography Centre, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1ly na frekvenc\u00edch 2618, 4610, 6834, 8040, 11086, 12390 a 18261 kHz.<\/p>\n

Pro p\u0159\u00edjem sign\u00e1l\u016f HF Fax je t\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt re\u017eim p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de USB, pro dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edt MultiPSK. V\u00fdsledek p\u0159\u00edjmu p\u0159es websdr p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d je uk\u00e1z\u00e1n na obr\u00e1zku:
\n\"Co
\n
\nTento obr\u00e1zek byl p\u0159ijat p\u0159\u00edmo b\u011bhem psan\u00ed textu. Je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed linie se posunuly \u2013 protokol je analogov\u00fd, a p\u0159esnost synchronizace je zde kritick\u00e1, i drobn\u00e9 zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed zvuku zp\u016fsobuje posun obrazu. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed \"skute\u010dn\u00e9ho\" p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de tohoto efektu nebude.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b meteorologick\u00e9ho teletype, na lod\u00edch nikdo nedek\u00f3duje faxy pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u2013 existuj\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de (p\u0159\u00edklad obr\u00e1zku na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dl\u00e1nku), kter\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve\u0161kerou pr\u00e1ci automaticky.<\/p>\n

STANAG 4285<\/h2>\n

\nPod\u00edvejme se nyn\u00ed na modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed standard p\u0159enosu dat na kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch vln\u00e1ch - modem Stanag 4285. Tento form\u00e1t byl vyvinut pro NATO a existuje v r\u016fzn\u00fdch variant\u00e1ch. V jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b le\u017e\u00ed f\u00e1zov\u00e1 modulace, parametry sign\u00e1lu se mohou li\u0161it, jak je vid\u011bt v tabulce, rychlost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt od 75 do 2400 bit\u016f\/s. To se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t jako m\u00e1lo, ale vzhledem k p\u0159enosov\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed - kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm vln\u00e1m, s jejich v\u00fdpadky a ru\u0161en\u00edm, je to docela dobr\u00fd v\u00fdsledek.
\n\"Co
\n
\nProgram MultiPSK dok\u00e1\u017ee dek\u00f3dovat STANAG, ale v 95 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je v\u00fdsledkem dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze \"odpad\" - samotn\u00fd form\u00e1t poskytuje pouze bitov\u00fd protokol ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b a samotn\u00e1 data mohou b\u00fdt \u0161ifrov\u00e1na nebo m\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00fd vlastn\u00ed form\u00e1t. N\u011bkter\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly lze v\u0161ak dek\u00f3dovat, nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1znam n\u00ed\u017ee na frekvenci 8453 kHz. Dek\u00f3dovat n\u011bjak\u00fd sign\u00e1l p\u0159es websdr p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d se mi nepoda\u0159ilo, z\u0159ejm\u011b online p\u0159enos naru\u0161uje strukturu dat. Z\u00e1jemci si mohou st\u00e1hnout soubor z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de podle odkazu cloud.mail.ru\/public\/JRZs\/gH581X71s<\/a><\/noindex>. V\u00fdsledky dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed v MultiPSK jsou zobrazeny na sn\u00edmku obrazovky n\u00ed\u017ee. Jak m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, rychlost pro tento z\u00e1znam je 600 bps, jako obsah se z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed textov\u00fd soubor.
\n\"Co
\n
\nZaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee jak m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt na panoram\u011b, takov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f je ve vzduchu opravdu velmi mnoho:
\n\"Co
\n
\nSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, ne v\u0161echny z nich mohou pat\u0159it pr\u00e1v\u011b STANAG - na podobn\u00fdch principech existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 protokoly. Nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st anal\u00fdzu sign\u00e1lu Thales HF Modem<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch zmi\u0148ovan\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f se k re\u00e1ln\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edjmu a p\u0159enosu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed specializovan\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro modem zobrazen\u00fd na fotografii NSGDatacom 4539<\/a><\/noindex> je deklarovan\u00e1 rychlost od 75 do 9600 bps p\u0159i \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce p\u00e1sma sign\u00e1lu 3 kHz.
\n\"Co
\n
\nRychlost 9600 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed moc ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed, ale vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee sign\u00e1ly lze p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et i z d\u017eungle nebo z lodi v oce\u00e1nu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e za p\u0159enos dat nemus\u00edte platit oper\u00e1torovi, to nen\u00ed tak \u0161patn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pod\u00edvejme se nyn\u00ed podrobn\u011bji na panoramu v\u00fd\u0161e. Vlevo vid\u00edme... spr\u00e1vn\u011b, starou dobrou Morseovu abecedu. Tak\u017ee p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edme k dal\u0161\u00edmu sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Morse\u016fv k\u00f3d (CW)<\/h2>\n

\nNa frekvenci 8423 kHz sly\u0161\u00edme p\u0159esn\u011b jeho. Um\u011bn\u00ed sluchov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjmu Morseovy abecedy je nyn\u00ed prakticky ztraceno, proto vyu\u017eijeme MultiPSK (i kdy\u017e dek\u00f3duje to dost \u0161patn\u011b, program CW Skimmer si vede mnohem l\u00e9pe).
\n\"Co
\n
\nJak je vid\u011bt, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se text DE SVO, pokud v\u011b\u0159\u00edme webu radioscanner<\/a><\/noindex>, stanice se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v \u0158ecku. <\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, takov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f u\u017e je m\u00e1lo, ale st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st stanici na 4331 kHz, kter\u00e1 vys\u00edl\u00e1 opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se sign\u00e1ly \"VVV DE E4X4XZ\". Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Google, stanice pat\u0159\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se na t\u00e9to frekvenci n\u011bco dal\u0161\u00edho? Odpov\u011b\u010f nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma, z\u00e1jemci si mohou poslechnout a ov\u011b\u0159it sami. <\/p>\n

The Buzzer (\u0423\u0412\u0411-76)<\/h2>\n

\nNa\u0161e hitpar\u00e1d\u011b z\u00e1v\u011brem v\u00e9vod\u00ed asi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1l \u2014 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jak v Rusku, tak i mimo n\u011bj, sign\u00e1l na frekvenci 4625 kHz.
\n\"Co
\n
\nSign\u00e1l se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k oznamov\u00e1n\u00ed vojsk a p\u0159edstavuje opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se bzu\u010den\u00ed, mezi kter\u00fdmi se ob\u010das vys\u00edlaj\u00ed k\u00f3dov\u00e9 fr\u00e1ze z \u0161ifrovan\u00e9ho bloku (abstraktn\u00ed slova jako \"\u041a\u0420\u041e\u041b\u0418\u0421\u0422\" nebo \"\u0411\u0420\u0410\u041c\u0418\u0420\u041a\u0410\"). N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de vid\u011bli na vojensk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159adech, jin\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee to je sou\u010d\u00e1st syst\u00e9mu \"mrtv\u00e1 ruka\". V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, sign\u00e1l je mekka pro milovn\u00edky Stalkera, teori\u00ed spiknut\u00ed, \"studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky\" a dal\u0161\u00edho. Z\u00e1jemci si mohou vyhledat \"\u0423\u0412\u0411-76\", a jsem si jist\u00fd, \u017ee zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed na ve\u010der je zaru\u010deno (nicm\u00e9n\u011b nen\u00ed t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v\u0161e, co je naps\u00e1no, v\u00e1\u017en\u011b). Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je syst\u00e9m dost zaj\u00edmav\u00fd, alespo\u0148 t\u00edm, \u017ee funguje dodnes od dob \"studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky\", a\u010dkoliv t\u011b\u017eko \u0159\u00edci, zda to n\u011bkdo nyn\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje. <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

\nTento seznam rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u00fd. S pomoc\u00ed r\u00e1diop\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de lze zachytit (p\u0159esn\u011bji vid\u011bt) sign\u00e1ly komunikace s ponorkami, a to i nadzvukov\u00e9 radary, a rychle se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed frekven\u010dn\u00ed skoky a mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Zde je p\u0159\u00edklad obr\u00e1zek, po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f na frekvenci 8 MHz, na n\u011bm\u017e lze napo\u010d\u00edtat minim\u00e1ln\u011b 5 sign\u00e1l\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f.
\n\"Co
\n
\nCo p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u2014 \u010dasto nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, alespo\u0148 v otev\u0159en\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch lze naj\u00edt daleko ne v\u0161e (i kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed takov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky jako www.sigidwiki.com\/wiki\/Signal_Identification_Guide<\/a><\/noindex> a www.radioscanner.ru\/base<\/a><\/noindex>). Studov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto sign\u00e1l\u016f je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 jak z pohledu matematiky, programov\u00e1n\u00ed a r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spektra, tak prost\u011b jako zp\u016fsob, jak se dozv\u011bd\u011bt n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho o okoln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je tak\u00e9, \u017ee i p\u0159es rozvoj internetu a komunikac\u00ed r\u00e1dio nejen\u017ee neztr\u00e1c\u00ed na v\u00fdznamu, ale naopak \u2014 mo\u017enost p\u0159enosu dat p\u0159\u00edmo od odes\u00edlatele k p\u0159\u00edjemci, bez cenzury, kontroly provozu a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f, by se mohla znovu st\u00e1t (i kdy\u017e doufejme, \u017ee se tak nestane) aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed\u2026
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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