{"id":33233,"date":"2019-10-31T21:51:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-data-tsentry-spasayut-prazdniki\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:51:27","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:27","slug":"kak-data-tsentry-spasayut-prazdniki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-data-tsentry-spasayut-prazdniki","title":{"rendered":"Jak datacentra zachra\u0148uj\u00ed sv\u00e1tky","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak datacentra zachra\u0148uj\u00ed sv\u00e1tky\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/d6f44ed3931a3eb8a03b1715bc0bb159.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nB\u011bhem roku se lid\u00e9 v Rusku pravideln\u011b vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed na sv\u00e1tky \u2013 novoro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1zdniny, kv\u011btnov\u00e9 dny a dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b dlouh\u00e9 v\u00edkendy. To je tradice pro maratony sledov\u00e1n\u00ed seri\u00e1l\u016f, n\u00e1kupy a v\u00fdprodeje na Steamu. V p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 maloobchod a logistick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti zv\u00fd\u0161enou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e: lid\u00e9 objedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u00e1rky v internetov\u00fdch obchodech, plat\u00ed za jejich dopravu, kupuj\u00ed j\u00edzdenky na cesty a komunikuj\u00ed. Kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed vrcholy popt\u00e1vky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dobr\u00fd stresov\u00fd test i pro online kina, hern\u00ed port\u00e1ly, video-hostingov\u00e9 slu\u017eby a streamovac\u00ed hudebn\u00ed slu\u017eby \u2013 b\u011bhem sv\u00e1tk\u016f v\u0161echny pracuj\u00ed \"na maximum\". <\/p>\n<p>Ukazujeme, jak je zaji\u0161t\u011bna nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e1 dostupnost obsahu na p\u0159\u00edkladu online kina Okko, kter\u00e9 se ve sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na v\u00fdkon datov\u00e9ho centra Linxdatacenter. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nD\u0159\u00edve bylo b\u011bhem sez\u00f3nn\u00edch v\u00fdkyv\u016f popt\u00e1vky zakoupeno dal\u0161\u00ed vybaven\u00ed pro lok\u00e1ln\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed, a to \"s rezervou\". Av\u0161ak kdy\u017e nastal \"\u010cas X\", \u010dasto se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee si spole\u010dnosti nejsou schopny samostatn\u011b poradit s nastaven\u00edm server\u016f a \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165, nebo to nest\u00edhaly. \u0158e\u0161it tyto \u00fakoly za b\u011bhu v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch situac\u00ed nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9. Pozd\u011bji p\u0159i\u0161lo pochopen\u00ed: vrcholy popt\u00e1vky po obsahu a online slu\u017eb\u00e1ch lze skv\u011ble zvl\u00e1dnout pomoc\u00ed zdroj\u016f t\u0159et\u00ed strany, kter\u00e9 lze z\u00edskat na z\u00e1klad\u011b modelu pay-as-you-go \u2013 zaplacen\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9ho objemu.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes prakticky v\u0161echny spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst popt\u00e1vky po sv\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch b\u011bhem sv\u00e1tk\u016f (tzv. burst), si v p\u0159edstihu objedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky p\u00e1sma komunika\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f. Ty spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 um\u00eds\u0165uj\u00ed aplikace a datab\u00e1ze na zdroje datov\u00e9ho centra, b\u011bhem sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch vrchol\u016f zvy\u0161uj\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon v cloudech, dod\u00e1vaj\u00edc v datov\u00fdch centrech pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje, objem \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho prostoru atd. \u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Jak se nezm\u00fdlit v odhadech<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak datacentra zachra\u0148uj\u00ed sv\u00e1tky\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f394d3fa6739f14e10a31aae0bc03e79.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPro p\u0159\u00edpravu na \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 koordinovan\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce poskytovatele a klienta. Hlavn\u00edmi body v t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ci jsou p\u0159esn\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f n\u00e1r\u016fstu z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee po term\u00ednech a objemech, pe\u010dliv\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a kvalita komunikace s kolegy uvnit\u0159 datov\u00e9ho centra, stejn\u011b jako s t\u00fdmem IT specialist\u016f na stran\u011b poskytovatele obsahu. <\/p>\n<p>Rychl\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch k tomu, aby nov\u00e1 s\u00e9rie va\u0161eho obl\u00edben\u00e9ho seri\u00e1lu na obrazovce va\u0161eho tabletu nezamrzla, umo\u017e\u0148uje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. <br \/>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Za prv\u00e9, jsou to vyva\u017eova\u010de z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee: jedn\u00e1 se o softwarov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pe\u010dliv\u011b monitoruj\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed server\u016f, \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 a s\u00edt\u011b, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje optimalizovat fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu podle dan\u00e9ho \u00fakolu. Vyva\u017eova\u010de hodnot\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 dostupnosti jak \"hardware\", tak <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1997\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a>, aby se na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b nezhor\u0161oval v\u00fdkon syst\u00e9m\u016f, a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se infrastruktura \"nep\u0159eh\u0159\u00edvala\" a nezpomalovala. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se udr\u017euje ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 rezervy prost\u0159edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt rychle p\u0159eorientov\u00e1ny na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed urgentn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f (n\u00e1hl\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f na port\u00e1l s videoobsahem, r\u016fst objedn\u00e1vek konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed atd.).\n<\/li>\n<li>Za druh\u00e9, CDN. Tato technologie umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivatel\u016fm bez zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed na buffering p\u0159ij\u00edmat obsah z port\u00e1lu p\u0159\u00edstupem z nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed geografick\u00e9 polohy k u\u017eivateli. Krom\u011b toho CDN zmen\u0161uje negativn\u00ed dopady na procesy p\u0159enosu dat, zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm kan\u00e1l\u016f, v\u00fdpadky spojen\u00ed, ztr\u00e1tami paket\u016f na rozhran\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f atd. \n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>V\u0161ev\u011bdouc\u00ed Okko<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak datacentra zachra\u0148uj\u00ed sv\u00e1tky\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/0f6d80aa19362ba75710ef08e42eafe9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZva\u017eme p\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edpravy na sv\u00e1tky online kina Okko, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na\u0161e platformy v Moskv\u011b a Petrohrad\u011b. <\/p>\n<p>Podle Alexeje Golubeva, technick\u00e9ho \u0159editel Okko, m\u00e1 spole\u010dnost krom\u011b kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f (vysok\u00e1 sez\u00f3na) tak\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, kdy vych\u00e1zej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed filmov\u00e9 novinky od velk\u00fdch studi\u00ed: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\"Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok b\u011bhem sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3ny Okko roste objemem provozu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dvakr\u00e1t ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edm rokem. Tak\u017ee pokud v minul\u00e9m novoro\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed byla maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017eenost 80 Gbit\/s, v roce 2018\/19 jsme o\u010dek\u00e1vali 160 \u2013 tradi\u010dn\u00ed dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, dostali jsme p\u0159es 200 Gbit\/s!\" \n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nOkko se v\u017edy na vrcholn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ipravuje pozvoln\u011b, b\u011bhem roku, v r\u00e1mci projektu s k\u00f3dov\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem \"Nov\u00fd Rok\". D\u0159\u00edve v Okko pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed infrastrukturu, spole\u010dnost m\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00ed cluster pro dod\u00e1vku obsahu, na vlastn\u00edm hardwaru a s vlastn\u00edm softwarem. B\u011bhem roku technici Okko postupn\u011b nakupovali <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\"   title=\"nov\u00fdch server\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"778\">nov\u00fdch server\u016f<\/a>, zvy\u0161ovali propustnost sv\u00e9ho clustera, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst dvakr\u00e1t. D\u00e1le p\u0159ipojovali nov\u00e9 uplinky a oper\u00e1tory \u2013 krom\u011b velk\u00fdch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f jako \u201eRostelecom\u201c, \u201eMegafon\u201c a MTS, tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipojili a body v\u00fdm\u011bny provozu, a nejmen\u0161\u00ed oper\u00e1tory. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup umo\u017enil doru\u010dit slu\u017ebu maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmu po\u010dtu klient\u016f nejkrat\u0161\u00ed trasou. <\/p>\n<p>Minul\u00fd rok, po anal\u00fdze n\u00e1klad\u016f na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pracovn\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na expanze a porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00e1klady na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed extern\u00edch CDN, si v Okku uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee nastal \u010das vyzkou\u0161et hybridn\u00ed model distribuce. Po dvouk\u00e9m n\u00e1r\u016fstu b\u011bhem novoro\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed k poklesu provozu a \u00fanor je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed sez\u00f3na. A ukazuje se, \u017ee jejich za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v t\u00e9to dob\u011b stoj\u00ed nevyu\u017eit\u00e9. K l\u00e9tu se pokles vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 a u\u017e na podzim za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nov\u00fd r\u016fst. Proto v r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00edpravy na nov\u00fd rok 2019 se Okko vydalo jinou cestou: zdokonalili sv\u016fj software, aby mohli rozd\u011blovat z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e nejen na sebe, ale i na extern\u00ed CDN (Content Delivery Network). Bylo p\u0159ipojeno dv\u011b takov\u00e1 CDN, do kter\u00fdch se \u201ep\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1val\u201c nadbytek provozu. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed propustnost IT infrastruktury Okko byla p\u0159ipravena zvl\u00e1dnout ten dvouk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst, ale pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee by do\u0161lo k p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed zdroj\u016f, byly p\u0159ipraveny partnersk\u00e9 CDN. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201eRozhodnut\u00ed o nezvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho CDN u\u0161et\u0159ilo Okku p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 % rozpo\u010dtu distribuce v CAPEX. Krom\u011b toho spole\u010dnost u\u0161et\u0159ila n\u011bkolik \u010dlov\u011bko-m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u00e1ci nastaven\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159evedla na partnera,\u201c komentuje Alexej Golubev.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nDistribu\u010dn\u00ed cluster (intern\u00ed CDN) v Okku je realizov\u00e1n na dvou m\u00edstech Linxdatacenter v Moskv\u011b a v Petrohradu. Je zaji\u0161t\u011bno kompletn\u00ed zrcadlen\u00ed jak obsahu, tak jeho cachov\u00e1n\u00ed (distribu\u010dn\u00ed uzly). T\u00edm p\u00e1dem moskevsk\u00e9 datov\u00e9 centrum zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 Moskvu a n\u011bkolik oblast\u00ed Ruska, zat\u00edmco petrohradsk\u00e9 \u2013 Severoz\u00e1pad a zbytek \u00fazem\u00ed zem\u011b. Balance se d\u011bje nejen podle region\u00e1ln\u00edho krit\u00e9ria, ale tak\u00e9 v z\u00e1vislosti na zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed uzl\u016f v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm datov\u00e9m centru, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se tak\u00e9 zohled\u0148uje dostupnost filmu v cache a \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>Zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00e1 architektura slu\u017eby vypad\u00e1 na sch\u00e9matu takto:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak datacentra zachra\u0148uj\u00ed sv\u00e1tky\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/8feae02d3d7062cc5d0445d2dcc6fe8f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nFyzick\u00e1 slu\u017eba a podpora v\u00fdvoje produktu se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b deseti stojan\u016f v Petrohradu a n\u011bkolika stojan\u016f v Moskv\u011b. M\u00e1me n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek server\u016f pro virtualizaci a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b st\u011b \u201ehardwarov\u00fdch\u201c server\u016f pro v\u0161e ostatn\u00ed \u2013 distribuov\u00e1n\u00ed, podporu slu\u017eby a vlastn\u00ed infrastrukturu kancel\u00e1\u0159e. Interakce poskytovatele obsahu s datov\u00fdm centrem v obdob\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se nijak neli\u0161\u00ed od aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Cel\u00e1 komunikace je omezena na \u017e\u00e1dost o podporu, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze \u2013 pohovorem. <\/p>\n<p>Dnes jsme, jak nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm, bl\u00edzko skute\u010dn\u011b 100% bezv\u00fdpadkov\u00e9mu sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i konzumace obsahu online, proto\u017ee v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 technologie jsou ji\u017e k dispozici. Rozvoj online streamingu se d\u011bje velmi rychle. Roste popularita leg\u00e1ln\u00edch model\u016f konzumace obsahu: rusk\u00e9 u\u017eivatele si postupn\u011b zvykaj\u00ed na to, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 platit za obsah. A to nejen za filmy, ale i za hudbu, knihy, vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed materi\u00e1ly na internetu. A v tomto ohledu je doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nejrozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho obsahu s nejmen\u0161\u00edmi latencemi v s\u00edti nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm krit\u00e9riem v pr\u00e1ci online slu\u017eeb. Na\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem jako poskytovatele slu\u017eeb je uspokojit pot\u0159eby zdroj\u016f v\u010das a s rezervou.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/linxdatacenter\/blog\/450928\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b, \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 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