{"id":33434,"date":"2019-10-31T21:52:33","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:52:33","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:33","slug":"kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Jak funguje komprese v objektov\u011b orientovan\u00e9 architektu\u0159e pam\u011bti","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fdm in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f z MIT vyvinul objektov\u011b orientovanou pam\u011b\u0165ovou hierarchii pro efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s daty. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me, jak je strukturov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

\"Jak<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ PxHere<\/noindex> \/ PD<\/i><\/p>\n

Jak zn\u00e1mo, n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u00fdkonu modern\u00edch CPU nen\u00ed doprov\u00e1zen odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm latence p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti. Rozd\u00edl ve zm\u011bn\u00e1ch ukazatel\u016f z roku na rok m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e 10kr\u00e1t (PDF, str.3<\/a><\/noindex>). V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee vznik\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00e9 hrdlo, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed pln\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a zpomaluje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n

Na v\u00fdkon m\u00e1 negativn\u00ed vliv takzvan\u00e1 dekompresn\u00ed latence. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00edprava na dekompresi dat zabrat a\u017e 64 procesorov\u00fdch cykl\u016f. <\/p>\n

Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1soben\u00ed \u010d\u00edsel s plovouc\u00ed desetinnou \u010d\u00e1rkou trv\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> ne v\u00edce ne\u017e deset cykl\u016f. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee pam\u011b\u0165 pracuje s bloky dat pevn\u00e9 velikosti, zat\u00edmco aplikace manipuluj\u00ed s objekty, kter\u00e9 mohou obsahovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy dat a li\u0161it se velikost\u00ed. Aby probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161ili, in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i z MIT vyvinuli objektov\u011b orientovanou pam\u011b\u0165ovou hierarchii, kter\u00e1 optimalizuje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n

Jak technologie funguje<\/h2>\n

\nNa z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed stoj\u00ed t\u0159i technologie: Hotpads, Zippads a algoritmus komprese COCO.<\/p>\n

Hotpads je softwarov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 hierarchie superrychl\u00e9 registr\u00e1rov\u00e9 pam\u011bti (scratchpad<\/a><\/noindex>). Tyto registry se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed pady (pads) a jsou t\u0159i \u2014 od L1 do L3. V nich jsou uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny objekty r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed, metadata a pole ukazatel\u016f.<\/p>\n

V podstat\u011b architektura p\u0159edstavuje syst\u00e9m cache, ale specializovan\u00fd na pr\u00e1ci s objekty. \u00darove\u0148 padu, na kter\u00e9 se objekt nach\u00e1z\u00ed, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak \u010dasto je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n. Pokud se jedna z \u00farovn\u00ed \"p\u0159epln\u00ed\", syst\u00e9m aktivuje mechanismus podobn\u00fd \"garbage collectoru\" v jazyc\u00edch Java nebo Go. Analyzuje, kter\u00e9 objekty jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed, a automaticky je p\u0159esouv\u00e1 mezi \u00farovn\u011bmi.<\/p>\n

Zippads funguje na b\u00e1zi Hotpads \u2014 archivuje a dearchivuje data, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed nebo odch\u00e1zej\u00ed z posledn\u00edch dvou \u00farovn\u00ed hierarchie \u2014 padu L3 a hlavn\u00ed pam\u011bti. V prvn\u00edm a druh\u00e9m padu jsou data uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na v nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n \"Jak
\n
\nZippads komprimuje objekty, jejich\u017e objem nep\u0159esahuje 128 bajt\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objekty jsou rozd\u011bleny na \u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bny na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech v pam\u011bti. Jak uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, tento p\u0159\u00edstup zvy\u0161uje koeficient efektivn\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00e9 pam\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Pro kompresi objekt\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 algoritmus COCO (Cross-Object COmpression), o kter\u00e9m si \u0159ekneme d\u00e1le, i kdy\u017e syst\u00e9m je schopen pracovat i s Base-Delta-Immediate<\/a><\/noindex> nebo FPC<\/a><\/noindex>. Algoritmus COCO p\u0159edstavuje variantu diferen\u010dn\u00ed komprese (differential compression<\/a><\/noindex>). Porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 objekty s \"z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi\" a odstra\u0148uje opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se bity \u2014 viz sch\u00e9ma n\u00ed\u017ee:<\/p>\n

\"Jak<\/p>\n

Podle in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f z MIT je jejich objektov\u011b orientovan\u00e1 hierarchie pam\u011bti o 17 % v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e klasick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy. Je mnohem bl\u00ed\u017ee struktu\u0159e modern\u00edch aplikac\u00ed, tak\u017ee nov\u00fd metoda m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee technologii jako prvn\u00ed za\u010dnou vyu\u017e\u00edvat spole\u010dnosti pracuj\u00edc\u00ed s velk\u00fdmi daty a algoritmy strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed oblast\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed jsou cloudov\u00e9 platformy. IaaS poskytovatel\u00e9 z\u00edskaj\u00ed mo\u017enost efektivn\u011bji pracovat s virtualizac\u00ed, syst\u00e9my ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edmi zdroji.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje a odkazy:<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Jak Jak budujeme IaaS: materi\u00e1ly o pr\u00e1ci 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Jak Evoluce architektury cloudu 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Jak Slu\u017eba objektov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b v 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Jak Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatoky na HTTPS a zp\u016fsoby, jak se p\u0159ed nimi chr\u00e1nit<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Jak \u010c\u00edm se podobaj\u00ed a \u010d\u00edm se li\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy Continuous Delivery a Continuous Integration<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Jak Jak chr\u00e1nit server na internetu: zku\u0161enost 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 MIT \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430. \/ PxHere \/ PD \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 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