{"id":33620,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:46","slug":"uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki","title":{"rendered":"Zlep\u0161ujeme fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Wi-Fi. Obecn\u00e9 principy a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 tipy","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zlep\u0161ujeme fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Wi-Fi. Obecn\u00e9 principy a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 tipy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/b3a701ee342f66c103d52494fa20d9bd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nKa\u017ed\u00fd, kdo n\u011bkdy sestavoval, kupoval nebo alespo\u0148 nastavoval r\u00e1diov\u00fd p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sly\u0161el v\u00fdrazy jako: citlivost a selektivita.<\/p>\n<p>Citlivost je parametr, kter\u00fd ukazuje, jak dob\u0159e v\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edmat sign\u00e1l i v t\u011bch nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech. <\/p>\n<p>A selektivita naopak ukazuje, jak dob\u0159e se p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d dok\u00e1\u017ee naladit na ur\u010ditou frekvenci bez ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jin\u00fdmi frekvencemi. Tyto \"jin\u00e9 frekvence\", tedy nepat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed k vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu z vybran\u00e9 rozhlasov\u00e9 stanice, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hraj\u00ed roli r\u00e1diov\u00fdch ru\u0161iv\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nZvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdkonu vys\u00edla\u010de nut\u00edme p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de s n\u00edzkou citlivost\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmat n\u00e1\u0161 sign\u00e1l za ka\u017edou cenu. Nem\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou \u00falohu hraje vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vliv sign\u00e1l\u016f od r\u016fzn\u00fdch rozhlasov\u00fdch stanic na sebe, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje lad\u011bn\u00ed a sni\u017euje kvalitu r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V prost\u0159ed\u00ed Wi-Fi se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 r\u00e1diov\u00fd v\u00fdkon jako m\u00e9dium pro p\u0159enos dat. Proto jsou mnoh\u00e9 v\u011bci, kter\u00fdmi se zab\u00fdvali r\u00e1diov\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i a radioamat\u00e9\u0159i v minulosti, st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed i dnes. <\/p>\n<p>Ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bci se zm\u011bnily. Na m\u00edsto <b>analogov\u00e9ho<\/b> form\u00e1tu p\u0159i\u0161lo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e vedlo ke zm\u011bn\u011b povahy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu. <\/p>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee je pops\u00e1no b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 faktory, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed Wi-Fi v r\u00e1mci standard\u016f IEEE 802.11b\/g\/n.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u011bkter\u00e9 nuanse Wi-Fi s\u00edt\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nPro \u00e9terov\u00e9 radiov\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed daleko od velk\u00fdch s\u00eddel, kdy lze na sv\u00e9m p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di p\u0159ij\u00edmat pouze sign\u00e1l m\u00edstn\u00ed FM rozhlasov\u00e9 stanice a je\u0161t\u011b \"Maj\u00e1k\" v \u0423\u041a\u0412 p\u00e1smu \u2014 ot\u00e1zka vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho vlivu nevznik\u00e1. <\/p>\n<p>Situace je jin\u00e1 u Wi-Fi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pracuj\u00ed pouze ve dvou omezen\u00fdch p\u00e1smech: 2,4 a 5 GHz. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou pops\u00e1ny n\u011bkter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba bu\u010f p\u0159ekonat, nebo zn\u00e1t, jak se jim vyhnout.<\/p>\n<p><b>Probl\u00e9m prvn\u00ed<\/b> \u2014 r\u016fzn\u00e9 standardy pracuj\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi p\u00e1smy. <\/p>\n<p>V p\u00e1smu 2,4 GHz pracuj\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podporuj\u00edc\u00ed standard 802.11b\/g, zat\u00edmco s\u00edt\u011b standardu 802.11n pracuj\u00ed v p\u00e1smu 5 GHz, kde funguj\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed standardu 802.11a a 802.11n.<\/p>\n<p>Jak vid\u00edme, pouze za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed standardu 802.11n mohou pracovat jak v p\u00e1smu 2,4 GHz, tak i v p\u00e1smu 5 GHz. V ostatn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech mus\u00edme bu\u010f udr\u017eovat vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed v obou p\u00e1smech, nebo se sm\u00ed\u0159it s t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed klienti se nebudou moci p\u0159ipojit k na\u0161\u00ed s\u00edti.<\/p>\n<p><b>Probl\u00e9m druh\u00fd<\/b> \u2014 Wi-Fi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed funguj\u00edc\u00ed v bl\u00edzk\u00e9m dosahu mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat stejnou frekven\u010dn\u00ed oblast.<\/p>\n<p>Pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v p\u00e1smu 2,4 GHz jsou v Rusku k dispozici a povoleny k pou\u017eit\u00ed 13 bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky 20 MHz pro standard 802.11b\/g\/n nebo 40 MHz pro standard 802.11n s mezerami 5 MHz. <\/p>\n<p>Proto ka\u017ed\u00e9 bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (klient nebo p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod) vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00ed na sousedn\u00edch kan\u00e1lech. Jin\u00e1 v\u011bc je, \u017ee v\u00fdkon vys\u00edla\u010de klientsk\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad smartphonu, je mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu. Proto v \u010dl\u00e1nku budeme hovo\u0159it pouze o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m vlivu p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bod\u016f na sebe.<\/p>\n<p>Nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kan\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je klient\u016fm nab\u00edzen jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed, je 6. Ale nen\u00ed dobr\u00e9 si myslet, \u017ee v\u00fdb\u011brem sousedn\u00edho \u010d\u00edsla se zbav\u00edme parazitn\u00edho vlivu. P\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod pracuj\u00edc\u00ed na kan\u00e1lu 6 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed siln\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed na kan\u00e1lech 5 a 7 a slab\u0161\u00ed na kan\u00e1lech 4 a 8. S r\u016fstem mezer mezi kan\u00e1ly se jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vliv sni\u017euje. Proto, aby se vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed minimalizovalo, je velmi \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, aby jejich nosn\u00e9 frekvence byly od sebe vzd\u00e1leny 25 MHz (5 mezi-kan\u00e1lov\u00fdch mezer). <\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee ze v\u0161ech kan\u00e1l\u016f s mal\u00fdm vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdm vlivem jsou k dispozici pouze 3: 1, 6 a 11.<\/p>\n<p>Mus\u00edme hledat n\u011bjak\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak obej\u00edt existuj\u00edc\u00ed omezen\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vliv za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed lze kompenzovat sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm v\u00fdkonu. <\/p>\n<h3>O u\u017eite\u010dnosti um\u00edrn\u011bnosti ve v\u0161em<\/h3>\n<p>\nJak ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu nen\u00ed v\u017edy \u0161patn\u00e9. Nejen\u017ee p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu m\u016f\u017ee kvalita p\u0159\u00edjmu v\u00fdrazn\u011b zhor\u0161ovat a to nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno slabost\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu. N\u00ed\u017ee se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h4>Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spektra<\/h4>\n<p>\nEfekt zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed lze vid\u011bt na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di v okam\u017eiku v\u00fdb\u011bru za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. Pokud je v seznamu dostupn\u00fdch Wi-Fi s\u00edt\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i polo\u017eky, m\u016f\u017eeme ji\u017e mluvit o zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spektra. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 zde p\u0159itom p\u0159edstavuje zdroj ru\u0161en\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 sousedy. A ru\u0161en\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdkonnost s\u00edt\u011b, nebo\u0165 n\u00e1hle zvy\u0161uje \u00farove\u0148 \u0161umu, co\u017e vede k pot\u0159eb\u011b neust\u00e1le opakovat odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je hlavn\u00edm doporu\u010den\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdkon vys\u00edla\u010de v p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9m bod\u011b, ide\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit v\u0161echny sousedy, aby ud\u011blali to sam\u00e9, aby si navz\u00e1jem nep\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eeli.<\/p>\n<p>Situace p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u0161koln\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu b\u011bhem hodiny, kdy\u017e se u\u010ditel na chv\u00edli vzd\u00e1l\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k za\u010dne mluvit se sousedem u stolu a ostatn\u00edmi spolu\u017e\u00e1ky. V celkov\u00e9m hluku \u0161patn\u011b sly\u0161\u00ed jeden druh\u00e9ho, a tak za\u010dnou mluvit hlasit\u011bji, potom je\u0161t\u011b hlasit\u011bji, a nakonec za\u010dnou k\u0159i\u010det. Pedagog rychle p\u0159ib\u00edh\u00e1 do t\u0159\u00eddy, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00e1 disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a situace se vrac\u00ed do norm\u00e1lu. Pokud si u\u010ditele p\u0159edstav\u00edme jako s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora a \u0161kol\u00e1ky jako vlastn\u00edky p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bod\u016f, dostaneme skoro p\u0159\u00edmou analogii.<\/p>\n<h4>Asymetrick\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p>\nJak ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno d\u0159\u00edve, v\u00fdkon vys\u00edla\u010de p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu je obvykle 2-3kr\u00e1t siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na klientsk\u00fdch mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch: tabletech, smartphonech, notebooc\u00edch atd. Je proto velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 vznik\u00e1n\u00ed '\u0161ed\u00fdch z\u00f3n', kde klient bude p\u0159ij\u00edmat od p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu dobr\u00fd stabiln\u00ed sign\u00e1l, zat\u00edmco p\u0159enos od klienta k bodu nebude fungovat 'p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dob\u0159e'. Takov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 asymetrick\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Pro udr\u017een\u00ed stabiln\u00edho spojen\u00ed s dobrou kvalitou je vysoce \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, aby mezi klientsk\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm a p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdm bodem bylo symetrick\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, kdy p\u0159\u00edjem a p\u0159enos v obou sm\u011brech funguj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b efektivn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zlep\u0161ujeme fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Wi-Fi. Obecn\u00e9 principy a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 tipy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/14f7486f5ac2cca18e85e0d53e1a2309.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Obr\u00e1zek 1. Asymetrick\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edkladu pl\u00e1nu bytu.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo asymetrick\u00fdm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm, je nutn\u00e9 se vyvarovat neuv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu vys\u00edla\u010de.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy\u017e je pot\u0159eba zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu<\/h3>\n<p>\nN\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 faktory vy\u017eaduj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu pro udr\u017een\u00ed stabiln\u00edho spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h4>Ru\u0161en\u00ed od za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed radiokomunikace jin\u00fdch typ\u016f a jin\u00e9 elektroniky<\/h4>\n<p>\nZa\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Bluetooth, jako jsou sluch\u00e1tka, bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 kl\u00e1vesnice a my\u0161i, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed na frekvenci 2,4 GHz a mohou ru\u0161it provoz p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu a dal\u0161\u00edch Wi-Fi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou tak\u00e9 negativn\u011b ovlivnit kvalitu sign\u00e1lu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby;<\/li>\n<li>d\u011btsk\u00e9 ch\u016fvi\u010dky;<\/li>\n<li>CRT monitory, bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 reproduktory, bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 telefony a dal\u0161\u00ed bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>extern\u00ed zdroje elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, jako jsou elektrick\u00e9 veden\u00ed a transform\u00e1torov\u00e9 stanice, <\/li>\n<li>elektromotory;<\/li>\n<li>kabely s nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm st\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm, jako\u017e i koaxi\u00e1ln\u00ed kabely a konektory pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi typy satelitn\u00edch anten.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi Wi-Fi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi<\/h4>\n<p>\nV\u0161echna r\u00e1diov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed maj\u00ed omezen\u00fd dosah. Krom\u011b konstruk\u010dn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed dosa\u017eiteln\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost sn\u00ed\u017eena vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi faktory, jako jsou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, r\u00e1diov\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed a podobn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161e vede k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edch \u201emrtv\u00fdch z\u00f3n\u201c, kde sign\u00e1l z p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu \u201enedos\u00e1hne\u201c k klientsk\u00e9mu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h4>P\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky pro pr\u016fchod sign\u00e1lu <\/h4>\n<p>\nR\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky (st\u011bny, stropy, n\u00e1bytek, kovov\u00e9 dve\u0159e atd.) um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 mezi Wi-Fi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi mohou odr\u00e1\u017eet nebo absorbovat r\u00e1diov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, co\u017e vede k zhor\u0161en\u00ed nebo \u00fapln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 a z\u0159ejm\u00e9 v\u011bci, jako jsou \u017eelezobetonov\u00e9 st\u011bny, plechov\u00fd povrch, ocelov\u00e1 konstrukce, a dokonce i zrcadla a t\u00f3novan\u00e1 skla v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed intenzitu sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd fakt<\/b>: lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo oslabuje sign\u00e1l p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 3 dB.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka ukazuje ztr\u00e1tu efektivity Wi-Fi sign\u00e1lu p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu r\u016fzn\u00fdmi prost\u0159ed\u00edmi pro s\u00ed\u0165 2,4 GHz.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zlep\u0161ujeme fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Wi-Fi. Obecn\u00e9 principy a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 tipy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ef587b5b43712aa33b10c4b3588d7fea.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>* <b>Efektivn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost<\/b> \u2013 ozna\u010duje m\u00edru sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dosahu po pr\u016fchodu p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm prostorem. <\/p>\n<h3>Shr\u0148me mezit\u00edmn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/h3>\n<p>\nJak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, vysok\u00e1 s\u00edla sign\u00e1lu sama o sob\u011b nezvy\u0161uje kvalitu spojen\u00ed p\u0159es Wi-Fi, ale m\u016f\u017ee br\u00e1nit dob\u0159e nav\u00e1zan\u00e9mu spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed situace, kdy je t\u0159eba zajistit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon pro stabiln\u00ed p\u0159enos a p\u0159\u00edjem Wi-Fi sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p>Tato po\u017eadavky jsou tedy kontroverzn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 funkce od Zyxel, kter\u00e9 mohou pomoci<\/h3>\n<p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee je t\u0159eba vyu\u017e\u00edt zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 funkce, kter\u00e9 pomohou z t\u00e9to kontroverzn\u00ed situace.<\/p>\n<p><i><b>D\u016eLE\u017dIT\u00c9<\/b>! O mnoha nuanc\u00edch p\u0159i budov\u00e1n\u00ed bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako o mo\u017enostech a praktick\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se m\u016f\u017eete dozv\u011bd\u011bt na specializovan\u00fdch kurzech Zyxel \u2013 ZCNE. Informace o nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch kurzech najdete <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zyxel.com\/ru\/ru\/form\/training_012018.shtml\">zde<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/i><\/p>\n<h4>Client Steering<\/h4>\n<p>\nJak bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno d\u0159\u00edve, popsan\u00e9 probl\u00e9my se zejm\u00e9na t\u00fdkaj\u00ed p\u00e1sma 2,4 GHz.<br \/>\n\u0160\u0165astn\u00ed vlastn\u00edci modern\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat frekvenci 5 GHz.<\/p>\n<p><b>V\u00fdhody:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00edce kan\u00e1l\u016f, tak\u017ee je snaz\u0161\u00ed vybrat ty, kter\u00e9 budou navz\u00e1jem ovliv\u0148ovat minim\u00e1ln\u011b; <\/li>\n<li> jin\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako je Bluetooth, toto p\u00e1smo nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed; <\/li>\n<li> podpora kan\u00e1l\u016f o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce 20\/40\/80 MHz. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wi-Fi sign\u00e1l v tomto p\u00e1smu h\u016f\u0159e proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami. Proto je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed m\u00edt ne jednu \u201esuper-pr\u016fraznou\u201c, ale dv\u011b a\u017e t\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 body s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkonem sign\u00e1lu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstnostech. Na druhou stranu to poskytne rovnom\u011brn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pokryt\u00ed ne\u017e chyt\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu z jedn\u00e9, ale \u201esuper-siln\u00e9\u201c jednotky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNa praktick\u00e9 \u00farovni v\u0161ak, jako v\u017edy, vznikaj\u00ed nuance. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkter\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my a software st\u00e1le jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed nab\u00edzej\u00ed pro spojen\u00ed \u201estar\u00e9 dobr\u00e9\u201c p\u00e1smo 2,4 GHz. D\u011bl\u00e1 se to s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit probl\u00e9my s kompatibilitou a zjednodu\u0161it algoritmus p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti. Pokud se p\u0159ipojen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed automaticky nebo si u\u017eivatel tohoto faktu nev\u0161iml \u2014 mo\u017enost vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u00e1sma 5 GHz tak z\u016fstane stranou.<\/p>\n<p>Zm\u011bnit tuto skute\u010dnost pom\u016f\u017ee funkce Client Steering, kter\u00e1 jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed klientsk\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm okam\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed p\u0159es 5 GHz. Pokud toto p\u00e1smo klient nepodporuje, st\u00e1le se m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipojit na 2,4 GHz.<\/p>\n<p>Tato funkce je dostupn\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodech Nebula a NebulaFlex;<\/li>\n<li> v bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch kontrolerech NXC2500 a NXC5500;<\/li>\n<li> v br\u00e1n\u00e1ch firewall s funkc\u00ed kontroleru. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Auto Healing<\/h4>\n<p>\nBylo uvedeno mnoho argument\u016f pro flexibiln\u00ed regulaci v\u00fdkonu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 rozumn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: jak to ud\u011blat?<\/p>\n<p>Pro tuto funkci maj\u00ed bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 kontrol\u00e9ry Zyxel speci\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enost: Auto Healing.<br \/>\nKontrol\u00e9r pomoc\u00ed n\u00ed kontroluje stav a funk\u010dnost p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bod\u016f. Pokud zjist\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00fd z nich nefunguje, sousedn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed obdr\u017e\u00ed pokyn zv\u00fd\u0161it intenzitu sign\u00e1lu, aby vyplnila vzniklou oblast ticha. Jakmile se nedostupn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod vr\u00e1t\u00ed do provozu, sousedn\u00ed body dostanou pokyn sn\u00ed\u017eit intenzitu sign\u00e1lu, aby se navz\u00e1jem neru\u0161ily.<\/p>\n<p>Tato funkce je tak\u00e9 obsa\u017eena ve speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch kontrol\u00e9r\u016f: NXC2500 a NXC5500.<\/p>\n<h4>Ochrann\u00e1 bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e1 hranice s\u00edt\u011b<\/h4>\n<p>\nSousedn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 body z paraleln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b nejen \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00ed, ale mohou slou\u017eit tak\u00e9 jako z\u00e1kladna pro \u00fatok na s\u00ed\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Kontrol\u00e9r bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b by se s t\u00edm m\u011bl vypo\u0159\u00e1dat. Kontrol\u00e9ry NXC2500 a NXC5500 maj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, jako je standardn\u00ed autentizace WPA\/WPA2-Enterprise, r\u016fzn\u00e9 implementace protokolu Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) a vestav\u011bn\u00fd firewall. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem kontrol\u00e9r nejen nalezne neautorizovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 body, ale tak\u00e9 blokuje podez\u0159el\u00e9 aktivity v podnikov\u00e9 s\u00edti, kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nesou zl\u00fd \u00famysl.<\/p>\n<h4>Funkce detekce Rogue AP (Omezen\u00ed Rogue AP)<\/h4>\n<p>\nNejd\u0159\u00edve si objasn\u011bme, co je to Rogue AP.<\/p>\n<p>Rogue AP jsou ciz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 body, kter\u00e9 nejsou pod kontrolou s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora. P\u0159esto se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v dosahu Wi-Fi s\u00edt\u011b podniku. Nap\u0159\u00edklad to mohou b\u00fdt osobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 body zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly zapnuty bez povolen\u00ed v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch z\u00e1suvk\u00e1ch pracovn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu. Tento druh samostatn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje bezpe\u010dnost s\u00edt\u011b. <\/p>\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kan\u00e1l pro extern\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti podniku, obch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed hlavn\u00ed syst\u00e9m ochrany.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad ciz\u00ed bod (RG) p\u0159\u00edstupu form\u00e1ln\u011b nen\u00ed v s\u00edti podniku, ale byla na n\u011bm vytvo\u0159ena bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 se stejn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem SSID jako na leg\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodech. V d\u016fsledku toho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt bod RG pou\u017eit k odchytu hesel a dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00ed, kdy\u017e se klienti podnikov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b omylem pokus\u00ed k n\u011bmu p\u0159ipojit a pokus\u00ed se p\u0159edat sv\u00e9 p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed \u00fadaje. V d\u016fsledku toho budou p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed \u00fadaje u\u017eivatel\u016f zn\u00e1my majiteli \u201ephishingov\u00e9ho\u201c bodu.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bod\u016f spole\u010dnosti Zyxel m\u00e1 integrovanou funkci skenov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spektra za \u00fa\u010delem odhalen\u00ed ciz\u00edch bod\u016f. <\/p>\n<p><i><b>D\u016eLE\u017dIT\u00c9<\/b>! Odhalen\u00ed ciz\u00edch bod\u016f (AP Detection) bude fungovat pouze tehdy, pokud je alespo\u0148 jeden z t\u011bchto \u201ehl\u00eddac\u00edch\u201c p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bod\u016f nastaven na pr\u00e1ci v re\u017eimu monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Po t\u00e9, co p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod Zyxel, p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci v re\u017eimu monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, zjist\u00ed ciz\u00ed body, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt provedena procedura blokov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edstavme si, \u017ee Rogue AP napodobuje leg\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod. Jak bylo v\u00fd\u0161e uvedeno, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee zkop\u00edrovat na fale\u0161n\u00e9m bod\u011b korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed SSID. P\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod Zyxel se pak pokus\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 aktivit\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee bude ru\u0161it prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed podvodn\u00fdch vys\u00edlac\u00edch paket\u016f. To povede k nemo\u017enosti p\u0159ipojen\u00ed klient\u016f k Rogue AP a odchytu jejich p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. A \u201e\u0161pehovac\u00ed\u201c p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod nebude schopen splnit sv\u016fj z\u00e1m\u011br.<\/p>\n<p>Jak vid\u00edme, vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vliv p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bod\u016f nejen\u017ee zp\u016fsobuje nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159i jejich pr\u00e1ci, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 vyu\u017eit k ochran\u011b p\u0159ed \u00fatoky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n<p>\nMateri\u00e1l v r\u00e1mci mal\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nku neumo\u017e\u0148uje hovo\u0159it o v\u0161ech nuanc\u00edch. Ale i p\u0159i rychl\u00e9m p\u0159ehledu je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj a \u00fadr\u017eba bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b maj\u00ed dost zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 nuance. Z jedn\u00e9 strany je t\u0159eba bojovat proti vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu vlivu zdroj\u016f sign\u00e1lu, v\u010detn\u011b sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bod\u016f. Z druh\u00e9 strany je t\u0159eba udr\u017eovat \u00farove\u0148 sign\u00e1lu na dostate\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni pro stabiln\u00ed spojen\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Tento rozpor lze obej\u00edt pou\u017eit\u00edm speci\u00e1ln\u00edch funkc\u00ed \u0159adi\u010d\u016f bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Je t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, \u017ee spole\u010dnost Zyxel pracuje na vylep\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161eho, co napom\u00e1h\u00e1 k dosa\u017een\u00ed kvalitn\u00edho spojen\u00ed bez vysok\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Zdroje<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex>Obecn\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed<\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex>Co ovliv\u0148uje funkci bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed Wi-Fi? Co m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zdrojem ru\u0161en\u00ed a jak\u00e9 jsou jejich mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny?<\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex>Nastaven\u00ed funkce Rogue AP Detection na p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodech s\u00e9rie NWA3000-N<\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zyxel.com\/ru\/ru\/form\/training_012018.shtml\">Informace o kurzech ZCNE<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/zyxel\/blog\/451768\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a: \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c). \u0427\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u0410 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0423\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 Wi-Fi. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u043a\u0438 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:53:46+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:53:46+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Zlep\u0161ujeme pr\u00e1ci Wi-Fi. 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