{"id":33718,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:20","slug":"optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite","title":{"rendered":"Optimalizace pr\u00e1ce po\u0161tovn\u00edch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 v Zimbra Collaboration Suite","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V jedn\u00e9 z na\u0161ich p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u011bnovan\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed Zimbra Collaboration Suite na podnikov\u00e9 \u00farovni, bylo \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee hlavn\u00edm omezen\u00edm p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci tohoto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je rychlost vstupu a v\u00fdstupu diskov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v po\u0161tovn\u00edch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch. A skute\u010dn\u011b, v dob\u011b, kdy se k jednomu a tomu sam\u00e9mu po\u0161tovn\u00edmu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti najednou obrac\u00ed n\u011bkolik stovek zam\u011bstnanc\u016f podniku, nemus\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka p\u00e1sma pro z\u00e1pis a \u010dten\u00ed informac\u00ed z pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f sta\u010dit pro rychlou a responzivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci slu\u017eby. A pokud pro mal\u00e9 instalace Zimbra to nebude p\u0159edstavovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed probl\u00e9m, u velk\u00fdch podnik\u016f a poskytovatel\u016f SaaS m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161e v\u00e9st k neodpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci e-mailu a t\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed efektivity zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, stejn\u011b jako poru\u0161en\u00ed SLA. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed a provozov\u00e1n\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch instalac\u00ed Zimbra nutn\u00e9 v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost optimalizaci pr\u00e1ce pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f v po\u0161tovn\u00edm \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na dva p\u0159\u00edpady a pokusme se zjistit, jak\u00e9 metody optimalizace z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee na diskov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b lze uplatnit v ka\u017ed\u00e9m z nich.<\/p>\n

\"Optimalizace<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

1. Optimalizace p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 instalace Zimbra<\/b><\/p>\n

V etap\u011b n\u00e1vrhu vysoce zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 instalace Zimbra mus\u00ed jej\u00ed administr\u00e1tor u\u010dinit rozhodnut\u00ed, jak\u00fd syst\u00e9m ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat pou\u017e\u00edt. Aby se mohl rozhodnout v t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce, je t\u0159eba v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na pevn\u00e9 disky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed datab\u00e1ze MariaDB, syst\u00e9m vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Apache Lucene a tak\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b BLOB objekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Zimbra Collaboration Suite. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je pro pr\u00e1ci t\u011bchto softwarov\u00fdch produkt\u016f v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch vysok\u00fdch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt rychl\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed lze Zimbru nainstalovat jak na RAID z pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f, tak na \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b propojen\u00e1 protokolem NFS. V p\u0159\u00edpadech velmi mal\u00fdch instalac\u00ed lze Zimbru nainstalovat na b\u011b\u017en\u00fd SATA disk. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch velk\u00fdch instalac\u00ed v\u0161echny tyto technologie vykazuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 nedostatky v podob\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 rychlosti z\u00e1pisu nebo n\u00edzk\u00e9 spolehlivosti, co\u017e je nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9 ani pro velk\u00e9 podniky, ani t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e pro poskytovatele SaaS.<\/p>\n

Proto je v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch infrastruktur Zimbra nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edt SAN. Ta v sou\u010dasnosti dok\u00e1\u017ee poskytnout nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed propustnost pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b a d\u00edky mo\u017enosti p\u0159ipojen\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed cache, jej\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed v podstat\u011b neznamen\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rizika pro podnik. Dobrou volbou bude pou\u017eit\u00ed NVRAM, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mnoha SAN pro zrychlen\u00ed operac\u00ed p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu. Naopak p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu dat na samotn\u00e9 disky je lep\u0161\u00ed funkci cache vypnout, proto\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nevratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed a ztr\u00e1t\u011b dat p\u0159i probl\u00e9mech s nap\u00e1jen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o v\u00fdb\u011br souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, optim\u00e1ln\u00ed volbou bude pou\u017eit\u00ed standardn\u00edch pro Linux Ext3\/Ext4. Hlavn\u00edm faktorem spojen\u00fdm se souborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem je to, \u017ee je t\u0159eba jej p\u0159imontovat s parametrem -noatime<\/b>. Tento parametr deaktivuje funkci zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed doby posledn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu k soubor\u016fm, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pisu. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ext3 nebo ext4 pro Zimbru je t\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed parametry n\u00e1stroje mke2fs<\/b>:<\/p>\n

-j<\/b> \u2014 Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u017eurn\u00e1lu souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9muCreate the file system with an ext3\/ext4 journal.
\n-L N\u00c1ZEV<\/b> \u2014 Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1zvu svazku, aby ho mohli pot\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt v \/etc\/fstab
\n-O dir_index<\/b> \u2014 Pro pou\u017eit\u00ed hashovan\u00e9ho stromu vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pro urychlen\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f ve velk\u00fdch adres\u00e1\u0159\u00edch
\n-m 2<\/b> \u2014 Pro rezervaci 2% objemu ve velk\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech pro ko\u0159enov\u00fd adres\u00e1\u0159
\n-J size=400<\/b> \u2014 Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed velk\u00e9ho \u017eurn\u00e1lu
\n-b 4096<\/b> \u2014 Pro ur\u010den\u00ed velikosti bloku v bytech
\n-i 10240<\/b> \u2014 Pro \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b zpr\u00e1v by tento parametr m\u011bl odpov\u00eddat pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 velikosti zpr\u00e1v. Je t\u0159eba na tento parametr d\u00e1vat pozor, proto\u017ee jeho hodnotu nelze pozd\u011bji zm\u011bnit.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nD\u00e1le se doporu\u010duje povolit dirsync<\/b> pro \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b BLOB-objekt\u016f, \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b metadat vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Lucene a \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b fronty MTA. Je to t\u0159eba ud\u011blat, proto\u017ee obvykle Zimbra pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1stroj fsync<\/b> pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1znamu blobu s daty na disk. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, kdy\u017e po\u0161tovn\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b Zimbra nebo MTA vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nov\u00e9 soubory b\u011bhem doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v, vznik\u00e1 pot\u0159eba zapsat na disk zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 se ud\u00e1ly v odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch slo\u017ek\u00e1ch. Proto i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee soubor ji\u017e byl zaps\u00e1n na disk pomoc\u00ed fsync<\/b>, m\u016f\u017ee se z\u00e1znam o jeho p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed do adres\u00e1\u0159e dostate\u010dn\u011b rychle nezapsat na disk a v d\u016fsledku toho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ztracen kv\u016fli n\u00e1hl\u00e9mu selh\u00e1n\u00ed serveru. D\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed dirsync<\/b> t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f se lze vyhnout.<\/p>\n

2. Optimalizace p\u0159i funguj\u00edc\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e Zimbra<\/b><\/p>\n

\u010casto se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee po n\u011bkolika letech provozu Zimbra po\u010det jej\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzroste a \u010dinnost slu\u017eby se ka\u017ed\u00fdm dnem st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b a m\u00e9n\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to situace je jasn\u00e9: je t\u0159eba jednodu\u0161e p\u0159idat nov\u00e9 servery do infrastruktury, aby slu\u017eba op\u011bt fungovala stejn\u011b rychle jako d\u0159\u00edve. Mimochodem, zdaleka ne v\u017edy je mo\u017en\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159idat do infrastruktury nov\u00e9 servery pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jej\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti. \u010casto IT mana\u017ee\u0159i mus\u00ed dlouho schvalovat n\u00e1kup nov\u00fdch server\u016f<\/a> s \u00fa\u010detn\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00edm nebo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00edm, nav\u00edc \u010dasto zklam\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed od dodavatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou doru\u010dit nov\u00fd server se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm nebo dokonce dodat n\u011bco, co nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee je nejlep\u0161\u00ed budovat svou infrastrukturu Zimbra s rezervou, abyste m\u011bli v\u017edy prostor pro jej\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a nebyli na nikom z\u00e1visl\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b pokud byla chyba ji\u017e provedena, IT mana\u017eerovi nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e se maxim\u00e1ln\u011b vyrovnat s jej\u00edmi n\u00e1sledky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, IT mana\u017eer m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout m\u00edrn\u00e9ho zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu t\u00edm, \u017ee do\u010dasn\u011b vypne syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby Linux, kter\u00e9 b\u011bhem pr\u00e1ce pravideln\u011b komunikuj\u00ed s pevn\u00fdmi disky a t\u00edm mohou negativn\u011b ovlivnit rychlost Zimbra. Tak je mo\u017en\u00e9 do\u010dasn\u011b vypnout:<\/p>\n

autofs, netfs<\/b> \u2014 Slu\u017eby pro objevov\u00e1n\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f
\ncups<\/b> \u2014 Tiskov\u00e1 slu\u017eba
\nxinetd, vsftpd<\/b> \u2014 Vestav\u011bn\u00e9 slu\u017eby *NIX, kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebudete pot\u0159ebovat
\nportmap, rpcsvcgssd, rpcgssd, rpcidmapd<\/b> \u2014 Slu\u017eby vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed procedur, kter\u00e9 se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ve spojen\u00ed se s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdmi souborov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my
\ndovecot, cyrus-imapd, sendmail, exim, postfix, ldap<\/b> \u2014 Duplicitn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Zimbra Collaboration Suite
\nslocate\/updatedb<\/b> \u2014 Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Zimbra ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 ka\u017edou zpr\u00e1vu do samostatn\u00e9ho souboru, m\u016f\u017ee denn\u00ed spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed slu\u017eby updatedb zp\u016fsobit probl\u00e9my, a proto je lep\u0161\u00ed to prov\u00e1d\u011bt ru\u010dn\u011b v obdob\u00edch s nejmen\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed server\u016f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u00daspora syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f v\u00fdsledkem vypnut\u00ed t\u011bchto slu\u017eeb nebude p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, ale i to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v situac\u00edch bl\u00edzk\u00fdch k mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem. Po p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho serveru do infrastruktury Zimbra je doporu\u010deno znovu aktivovat d\u0159\u00edve vypnut\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 lze optimalizovat fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Zimbra p\u0159esunut\u00edm slu\u017eby syslog na samostatn\u00fd server, aby b\u011bhem jej\u00edho provozu nedoch\u00e1zelo k zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f po\u0161tovn\u00edch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165. K t\u011bmto \u00fa\u010del\u016fm posta\u010d\u00ed prakticky jak\u00fdkoliv po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, v\u010detn\u011b levn\u00e9ho jednodeskov\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de Raspberry Pi.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 Zimbra Collabortion Suite, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 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