{"id":34324,"date":"2019-10-31T21:57:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:57:38","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:38","slug":"namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python","title":{"rendered":"Pl\u00e1nuje se velk\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed standardn\u00ed knihovny Python","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i projektu Python publikovali<\/a><\/noindex> navrhli (PEP 594) v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed standardn\u00ed knihovny. Z standardn\u00ed knihovny Python se navrhuj\u00ed vy\u0159adit jak jasn\u011b zastaral\u00e9 a specializovan\u00e9 funkce, tak komponenty, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed architektonick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a kter\u00e9 se neda\u0159\u00ed unifikovat pro v\u0161echny platformy. <\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad se navrhuje vy\u0159adit z standardn\u00ed knihovny takov\u00e9 moduly jako crypt (nedostupnost pro Windows a z\u00e1vislost dostupnosti ha\u0161ovac\u00edch algoritm\u016f na syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch knihovn\u00e1ch), cgi (neoptim\u00e1ln\u00ed architektura, vy\u017eaduje spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9ho procesu na ka\u017ed\u00fd po\u017eadavek), imp (doporu\u010duje se pou\u017e\u00edvat importlib), pipes (doporu\u010duje se pou\u017e\u00edvat modul subprocess), nis (doporu\u010duje se pou\u017e\u00edvat NSS, LDAP nebo Kerberos\/GSSAPI), spwd (nedoporu\u010duje se p\u0159\u00edmo pracovat s datab\u00e1z\u00ed \u00fa\u010dt\u016f). K odstran\u011bn\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 ozna\u010deny moduly binhex, uu, xdrlib,
\n aifc,
\n audioop,
\n chunk,
\n imghdr,
\n ossaudiodev,
\n sndhdr,
\n sunau,
\n asynchat,
\n asyncore,
\n cgitb,
\n smtpd,
\n nntplib, macpath,
\n formatter, msilib a parser.<\/p>\n

V souladu s navrhovan\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem se v Python 3.8 pl\u00e1nuje, \u017ee v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 moduly budou ozna\u010deny jako zastaral\u00e9, v Python 3.8 za\u010dnou generovat varov\u00e1n\u00ed a v Python 3.10 budou odstran\u011bny z repo CPython.
\n Modul parser se pl\u00e1nuje odstranit ve verzi 3.9, jeliko\u017e byl ozna\u010den za zastaral\u00fd ji\u017e v vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Python 2.5, a modul macpath ve v\u011btvi 3.8. Po odstran\u011bn\u00ed z hlavn\u00edho souboru bude k\u00f3d p\u0159esunut do samostatn\u00e9ho repozit\u00e1\u0159e legacylib a jeho osud bude z\u00e1viset na z\u00e1jmu z\u00e1stupc\u016f komunity. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee v\u011btev Python 3.9 bude podporov\u00e1na do roku 2026, co\u017e poskytne dostatek \u010dasu na migraci projekt\u016f na extern\u00ed alternativy.<\/p>\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byly k odstran\u011bn\u00ed navr\u017eeny tak\u00e9 moduly ftplib, optparse, getopt, colorsys, fileinput, lib2to3 a wave, ale rozhodlo se je prozat\u00edm ponechat ve standardn\u00ed knihovn\u011b, nebo\u0165 jsou \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 a z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee existuj\u00ed dokonalej\u0161\u00ed alternativy nebo jsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ny na specifick\u00e9 funkce opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

P p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee projekt Python p\u016fvodn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup \u201ebaterie jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed balen\u00ed\u201c, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m je v r\u00e1mci standardn\u00ed knihovny nab\u00edzena rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 sada funkc\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 oblasti pou\u017eit\u00ed. Mezi v\u00fdhody tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu pat\u0159\u00ed zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eby projekt\u016f v Pythonu a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti modul\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v t\u011bchto projektech. Zranitelnosti v modulech se \u010dasto st\u00e1vaj\u00ed zdrojem zranitelnost\u00ed v aplikac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 je vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Pokud funkce pat\u0159\u00ed do standardn\u00ed knihovny, sta\u010d\u00ed kontrolovat stav hlavn\u00edho projektu. P\u0159i rozd\u011blen\u00ed standardn\u00ed knihovny mus\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvat extern\u00ed moduly, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zranitelnosti v ka\u017ed\u00e9m z nich je nutn\u00e9 sledovat samostatn\u011b. P\u0159i vysok\u00e9m stupni fragmentace a velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu z\u00e1vislost\u00ed vznik\u00e1 hrozba \u00fatok\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompromitace infrastruktury v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f modul\u016f.<\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu ka\u017ed\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed modul ve standardn\u00ed knihovn\u011b vy\u017eaduje zdroje od t\u00fdmu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f Pythonu pro \u00fadr\u017ebu. V knihovn\u011b se nahromadilo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed duplicitn\u00edch a nadbyte\u010dn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, jejich\u017e vylou\u010den\u00edm lze sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu. Jak se vyv\u00edj\u00ed katalog PyPI<\/a><\/noindex> a zjednodu\u0161uje se proces instalace a na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, stalo se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed extern\u00edch modul\u016f b\u011b\u017en\u011b obvykl\u00e9, stejn\u011b jako vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vestav\u011bn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 funk\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed extern\u00ed alternativy ke standardn\u00edm modul\u016fm, nap\u0159\u00edklad preferuj\u00ed modul lxml m\u00edsto xml. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch modul\u016f ze standardn\u00ed knihovny zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed popularitu alternativ aktivn\u011b rozv\u00edjen\u00fdch komunitou. Nav\u00edc zmen\u0161en\u00ed standardn\u00ed knihovny poved\u011b k zmen\u0161en\u00ed velikosti z\u00e1kladn\u00ed distribuce, co\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Pythonu na vestav\u011bn\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch s omezenou velikost\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Python \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (PEP 594) \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438. \u041a \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 Python \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438 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\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a crypt (\u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f Windows […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Pl\u00e1nuje se velk\u00fd \u00faklid standardn\u00ed knihovny Python | 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\u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 Python | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Python \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (PEP 594) \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 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