{"id":34382,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","slug":"sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9my monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu v s\u00edt\u00edch VoIP. \u010c\u00e1st prvn\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159ehled","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V tomto materi\u00e1lu se pokus\u00edme pod\u00edvat na zaj\u00edmavou a u\u017eite\u010dnou sou\u010d\u00e1st IT infrastruktury, jakou je syst\u00e9m monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed VoIP provozu.<\/p>\n

\"Syst\u00e9my<\/a><\/noindex>
\nV\u00fdvoj modern\u00edch telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed je ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed: od sign\u00e1ln\u00edch oh\u0148\u016f se dostaly daleko vp\u0159ed, co\u017e, co se d\u0159\u00edve zd\u00e1lo nemysliteln\u00e9, je nyn\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 a obvykl\u00e9. A jen odborn\u00edci v\u011bd\u00ed, co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za ka\u017edodennost\u00ed a \u0161irok\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm pokrok\u016f v oblasti informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed. Rozmanitost p\u0159enosov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed, zp\u016fsob\u016f p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed, protokol\u016f interakce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a algoritm\u016f k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed ohromuje mysl pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele a m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t skute\u010dn\u00fdm no\u010dn\u00edm m\u016frou pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo je spojen s jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm a stabiln\u00edm fungov\u00e1n\u00edm: pr\u016fchod ton\u00e1ln\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f nebo hlasov\u00e9ho provozu, nemo\u017enost registrace na softswitch, testov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed, sepisov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti k podpo\u0159e dodavatele.<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd pojem protokolu je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem jak\u00e9koli komunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, od kter\u00e9ho z\u00e1vis\u00ed jej\u00ed architektura, slo\u017een\u00ed a slo\u017eitost jej\u00edch komponent\u016f, seznam poskytovan\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a mnohem v\u00edce. P\u0159itom je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, ale velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pravidlo, kter\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch protokol\u016f sign\u00e1l\u016f zlep\u0161uje \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost komunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, co\u017e vede k rychl\u00e9mu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

P\u0159itom i nezbytn\u00e9 a opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00fdch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch prvk\u016f v r\u00e1mci v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho pravidla p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, spojen\u00fdch se spr\u00e1vou s\u00edt\u011b a jej\u00edmi provozn\u00edmi n\u00e1roky. Mnoho specialist\u016f se setkalo se situac\u00ed, kdy zaznamenan\u00fd dump neumo\u017e\u0148uje jednozna\u010dnou lokalizaci vznikl\u00e9 probl\u00e9mu, proto\u017ee byl z\u00edsk\u00e1n na tom m\u00edst\u011b v s\u00edti, kter\u00e9 nebylo spojeno s jeho vznikem. <\/p>\n

Tato situace je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b charakteristick\u00e1 pro VoIP s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ne\u017e jen jednu PBX a n\u011bkolik IP telefon\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, kdy\u017e se v \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00edce hrani\u010dn\u00edch kontroler\u016f relac\u00ed, flexibiln\u00edch p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d\u016f nebo softswitch\u016f, ale funkce ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed polohy u\u017eivatele je odd\u011blena od ostatn\u00edch a je um\u00edst\u011bna na samostatn\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mus\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr zvolit pro anal\u00fdzu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasek na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00e9 empirick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti nebo n\u00e1hody. <\/p>\n

Takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup je extr\u00e9mn\u011b \u00fanavn\u00fd a neefektivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee nut\u00ed opakovan\u011b tr\u00e1vit \u010das bojem se stejn\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami: co pou\u017e\u00edt ke sb\u011bru paket\u016f, jak z\u00edskat v\u00fdsledky a tak d\u00e1le. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b, jak je zn\u00e1mo, si \u010dlov\u011bk na v\u0161echno zvykne. Na to se tak\u00e9 lze zvyknout, \"natr\u00e9novat si ruku\" a vytr\u00e9novat trp\u011blivost. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b v\u0161ak existuje je\u0161t\u011b jedna slo\u017eitost, se kterou nelze nepo\u010d\u00edtat \u2013 korelace trasov\u00e1n\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f. V\u0161echny v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9, stejn\u011b jako mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch \u00faloh anal\u00fdzy s\u00edt\u00ed spojuj\u00ed odborn\u00edky, kter\u00fdm maj\u00ed syst\u00e9my monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu pomoci.<\/p>\n

O syst\u00e9mech monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu s\u00edt\u00ed<\/h3>\n

\nA spole\u010dn\u011b \u2013 d\u011bl\u00e1me spole\u010dnou v\u011bc: ty po sv\u00e9m, j\u00e1 po sv\u00e9m.
\nJ. D\u011bto\u010dkin
\n<\/i>
\nModern\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b p\u0159enosu medi\u00e1ln\u00edho provozu jsou navrhov\u00e1ny a stav\u011bny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm realizace r\u016fzn\u00fdch koncepc\u00ed, jejich\u017e z\u00e1kladem je mno\u017estv\u00ed telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch protokol\u016f: CAS, SS7, INAP, H.323, SIP atd. Syst\u00e9m monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu (SMP) je n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 za \u00fakol zachytit zpr\u00e1vy v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch (a nejen t\u011bchto) protokol\u016f a disponuje souborem pohodln\u00fdch, intuitivn\u00edch a informativn\u00edch rozhran\u00ed pro jejich anal\u00fdzu. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem SMP je zp\u0159\u00edstupnit sign\u00e1ln\u00ed trasov\u00e1n\u00ed a dumpy za jak\u00e9koli \u010dasov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016fm kdykoliv (v\u010detn\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho \u010dasu) bez pou\u017eit\u00ed specializovan\u00fdch program\u016f (nap\u0159\u00edklad Wireshark). Na druhou stranu ka\u017ed\u00fd kvalifikovan\u00fd odborn\u00edk v\u011bnuje pozornost ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad bezpe\u010dnosti IT infrastruktury. <\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem, kter\u00fd s touto ot\u00e1zkou \u00fazce souvis\u00ed, je schopnost specialisty \"dr\u017eet ruku na pulsu\", co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dosa\u017eeno i v\u010dasn\u00fdm upozorn\u011bn\u00edm na ur\u010dit\u00e9 incidenty. Pokud hovo\u0159\u00edme o ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch upozor\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u00e1me na mysli monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Pokud se vr\u00e1t\u00edme k definici uveden\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e, syst\u00e9m monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u00e1vy (\u0421\u041c\u0422) umo\u017e\u0148uje sledovat odpov\u011bdi, zpr\u00e1vy a aktivity, kter\u00e9 mohou nazna\u010dovat n\u011bjak\u00e9 anom\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (nap\u0159\u00edklad odpov\u011bdi 403 nebo 408 z kategorie 4xx v SIP nebo dramatick\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu relac\u00ed na trunku), a tak\u00e9 z\u00edskat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed infografiku, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1zorn\u011b ukazuje, co se d\u011bje. <\/p>\n

Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee syst\u00e9m monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed VoIP provozu od za\u010d\u00e1tku nen\u00ed tou klasickou syst\u00e9mem pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed poruch, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et mapy s\u00edt\u00ed, kontrolovat dostupnost jejich komponent\u016f, vyu\u017eit\u00ed zdroj\u016f, periferie a dal\u0161\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad jako Zabbix).<\/p>\n

Po tom, co jsme si objasnili, co p\u0159edstavuje syst\u00e9m monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu a jak\u00e9 \u00fakoly pln\u00ed, se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k ot\u00e1zce, jak jej vyu\u017e\u00edt pro prosp\u011bch v\u011bci.<\/p>\n

Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee samotn\u00fd \u0421\u041c\u0422 nem\u016f\u017ee shrom\u00e1\u017edit Call Flow \"na povel ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 poh\u00e1dky\". K tomu je t\u0159eba soust\u0159edit p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd provoz ze v\u0161ech pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na jedno m\u00edsto \u2013 Capture Server. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem je definov\u00e1n charakteristick\u00fd rys syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pot\u0159eb\u011b zajistit centralizaci m\u00edsta sb\u011bru sign\u00e1ln\u00edho provozu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce: co p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed komplexu v prev\u00e1dzkovan\u00e9 nebo implementovan\u00e9 s\u00edti.<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee in\u017een\u00fdr z\u0159\u00eddka dok\u00e1\u017ee na ot\u00e1zku \u2014 v jak\u00e9m konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed nebo m\u016f\u017ee nach\u00e1zet dan\u00fd bod centralizace dopravy \u2014 odpov\u011bd\u011bt okam\u017eit\u011b. Aby odborn\u00edci mohli poskytnout v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b jednozna\u010dnou odpov\u011b\u010f, je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st \u0159adu \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s p\u0159edm\u011btnou anal\u00fdzou VoIP s\u00edt\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad znovu up\u0159esnit sestavu vybaven\u00ed, podrobn\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed bod\u016f jeho zapojen\u00ed a tak\u00e9 mo\u017enosti v kontextu odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho provozu do sb\u011brn\u00e9ho bodu. Krom\u011b toho je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zva\u017eovan\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zp\u016fsobu organizace transportn\u00ed IP s\u00edt\u011b. <\/p>\n

Prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00ednosem implementace SMT je tedy takzvan\u00e1 revize s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e1 byla kdysi napl\u00e1nov\u00e1na, ale nikdy nebyla provedena. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161liv\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 se okam\u017eit\u011b zept\u00e1 \u2014 jak tato v\u011bc souvis\u00ed se SMT? P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 souvislost zde nen\u00ed a ani b\u00fdt nem\u016f\u017ee, ale ... Psychologie v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed souvisej\u00ed se sv\u011btem IT, je obvykle naklon\u011bna spojovat takov\u00e9 akce s n\u011bjakou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhoda vych\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u0159edchoz\u00ed a spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed nasazen\u00edm SMT, nastaven\u00edm Capture Agents a zapnut\u00edm odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v RTCP mohou b\u00fdt odhaleny r\u016fzn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00fd z\u00e1sah. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkde vzniklo \u201e\u00fazk\u00e9 hrdlo\u201c a to je zjevn\u00e9 i bez statistik, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee SMT poskytovat, nap\u0159\u00edklad na z\u00e1klad\u011b dat od RTCP.<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed se vra\u0165me k d\u0159\u00edve popsan\u00e9mu procesu sb\u011bru tak pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch trasov\u00e1n\u00ed a usm\u011bjme se, kdy\u017e si vzpomeneme na slova hrdiny, kter\u00e1 jsou uvedena v epigrafu t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti. D\u016fle\u017eitou vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nebyla uvedena, je, \u017ee obvykle mohou uveden\u00e9 manipulace prov\u00e1d\u011bt zam\u011bstnanci dostate\u010dn\u00e9 kvalifikace, nap\u0159\u00edklad Core Engineers. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b mohou do okruhu probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou \u0159e\u0161eny pomoc\u00ed trasov\u00e1n\u00ed, spadat tak\u00e9 takzvan\u00e9 rutinn\u00ed \u00fakoly. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, pro\u010d se termin\u00e1l nezaregistruje u instal\u00e1tora nebo z\u00e1kazn\u00edka. V tom se ukazuje, \u017ee v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 mo\u017enost po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed dump\u016f, kterou maj\u00ed uveden\u00ed specialist\u00e9, na n\u011b klade povinnost vykon\u00e1vat tyto v\u00fdrobn\u00ed \u00fakoly. To nen\u00ed produktivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee to od\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010das od \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jin\u00fdch d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek. <\/p>\n

P\u0159itom ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kde je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho produktu, jako je SMT, existuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed, jeho\u017e seznam \u00fakol\u016f zahrnuje pr\u00e1v\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed rutinn\u00edch operac\u00ed, s c\u00edlem uvolnit ostatn\u00ed specialisty \u2013 service desk, helpdesk nebo technickou podporu. Tak\u00e9 neud\u011bl\u00e1m pro \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e odhalen\u00ed, kdy\u017e poznamen\u00e1m, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstup in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f technick\u00e9 podpory z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch a stabilitn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f k nejsou kritick\u00fdm uzl\u016fm nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed (a\u010dkoli je docela mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee nen\u00ed zak\u00e1z\u00e1n), a pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 prvky obsahuj\u00ed nejv\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fahel z pohledu dump\u016f. SMT, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee je centr\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00edstem sb\u011bru provozu a m\u00e1 intuitivn\u00ed a p\u0159ehledn\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, je schopno vy\u0159e\u0161it \u0159adu uveden\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Jedinou podm\u00ednkou je organizace p\u0159\u00edstupu k rozhran\u00ed z pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst specialist\u016f technick\u00e9 podpory a mo\u017en\u00e1 naps\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku do znalostn\u00ed b\u00e1ze o jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br bychom cht\u011bli zm\u00ednit nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed produkty, kter\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uvedenou funk\u010dnost, mezi nimi\u017e: Voipmonitor<\/a><\/noindex>, HOMER SIP Capture<\/a><\/noindex>, Oracle Communications Monitor<\/a><\/noindex>, SPIDER<\/a><\/noindex>I kdy\u017e existuje obecn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k organizaci a nasazen\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 nuance, subjektivn\u00ed klady a z\u00e1pory, a v\u0161echny si zaslou\u017e\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed. To bude p\u0159edm\u011btem dal\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f. D\u011bkujeme za va\u0161i pozornost!<\/p>\n

UPD (23.05.2019): k uveden\u00e9mu seznamu na konci by m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159id\u00e1n je\u0161t\u011b jeden produkt, o kter\u00e9m autor ned\u00e1vno z\u00edskal informace. SIP3<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 mlad\u00fd, rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1stupce ze sv\u011bta syst\u00e9m\u016f monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed SIP provozu.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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