{"id":34383,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-vtoraya-printsipy-organizatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","slug":"sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-vtoraya-printsipy-organizatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-vtoraya-printsipy-organizatsii","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9my monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu v s\u00edt\u00edch VoIP. Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u2013 principy organizace","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dobr\u00fd den, kolegov\u00e9!<\/p>\n

V V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm<\/a><\/noindex> V tomto materi\u00e1lu jsme se sezn\u00e1mili s u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm a, jak lze pozorovat, velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm prvkem VoIP infrastruktury, j\u00edm\u017e je syst\u00e9m monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu neboli pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed SMT. Zjistili jsme, co to je, jak\u00e9 \u00fakoly \u0159e\u0161\u00ed a rovn\u011b\u017e jsme si pov\u0161imli nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159edstavili IT sv\u011btu. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na principy, podle nich\u017e je syst\u00e9m SMT zav\u00e1d\u011bn do IT infrastruktury a jak monitoruje provoz VoIP pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Syst\u00e9my<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Architektura syst\u00e9m\u016f monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed VoIP provozu<\/h3>\n

Stavili jsme, stav\u011bli a nakonec postavili. Hur\u00e1!
\nZ animovan\u00e9ho filmu \u201e\u010ce bur\u00e1\u0161ka a krokod\u00fdl Gena\u201c.
\n<\/i>
\nJak bylo d\u0159\u00edve uvedeno, v oblasti telekomunikac\u00ed je k dispozici pom\u011brn\u011b dost produkt\u016f, kter\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed do dan\u00e9 kategorie. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud se od n\u00e1zvu, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, platformy atd. abstrahujeme, lze pozorovat, \u017ee v\u0161echny jsou v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b stejn\u00e9 z hlediska sv\u00e9 architektury (alespo\u0148 ty, se kter\u00fdmi se autor setkal). Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee to souvis\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b s jednoduch\u00fdm nedostatkem jak\u00fdchkoli jin\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak z\u00edskat provoz z prvk\u016f s\u00edt\u011b pro jeho n\u00e1slednou podrobnou anal\u00fdzu. P\u0159itom posledn\u00ed, podle subjektivn\u00edho n\u00e1zoru, v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b ur\u010duje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozvoj r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed dan\u00e9ho odv\u011btv\u00ed. Pro jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed si uve\u010fme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed analogii.<\/p>\n

Od chv\u00edle, kdy velk\u00fd rusk\u00fd v\u011bdec Vladimir Alexandrovi\u010d Kotelnikov vytvo\u0159il teorii m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, z\u00edskalo lidstvo grandi\u00f3zn\u00ed mo\u017enost vykon\u00e1vat analogov\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00ed a digit\u00e1ln\u011b-analogov\u00e9 p\u0159evody \u0159e\u010dov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f, d\u00edky nim\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme v pln\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e vyu\u017e\u00edvat tak \u00fa\u017easnou formu komunikace, jako je IP telefonie. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na v\u00fdvoj mechanism\u016f zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u010dov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f (aka algoritmy, kodeky, zp\u016fsoby k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.), m\u016f\u017eeme si v\u0161imnout, jak DSP (digit\u00e1ln\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f) ud\u011blalo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed krok v k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v \u2013 realizace mo\u017enosti predikce \u0159e\u010dov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00edsto pouh\u00e9 digitalizace a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a- a u-z\u00e1kon\u016f komprese (G.711A\/G.711U) je nyn\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et pouze \u010d\u00e1st m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm obnoven\u00edm cel\u00e9ho sd\u011blen\u00ed, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b \u0161et\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1smo. Vra\u0165me se k t\u00e9matu SMT a poznamenejme, \u017ee v sou\u010dasnosti neexistuj\u00ed obdobn\u00e9 kvalitativn\u00ed zm\u011bny v p\u0159\u00edstupu k zachycen\u00ed provozu, krom\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f zrcadlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Obra\u0165me se na obr\u00e1zek uveden\u00fd d\u00e1le, kter\u00fd ilustruje, co bylo postaveno odborn\u00edky v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch oblastn\u00edch oborech.<\/p>\n

\"Syst\u00e9my
\nObr\u00e1zek 1. Obecn\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma architektury SMT.<\/p>\n

Prakticky ka\u017ed\u00e9 SMT se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch komponent\u016f: serveru a agent\u016f zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu (nebo sond). Server vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjem, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed VoIP provozu, kter\u00fd p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed od agent\u016f, a tak\u00e9 poskytuje odborn\u00edk\u016fm mo\u017enost pracovat s p\u0159ijat\u00fdmi informacemi v r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch (grafy, diagramy, Call Flow atd.). Agenti zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem VoIP provozu od za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed j\u00e1dra s\u00edt\u011b (nap\u0159\u00edklad SBC, softswitch, br\u00e1ny atd.), p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed do form\u00e1tu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v aplikovan\u00e9m softwaru serverov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a jeho p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed posledn\u00edmu pro dal\u0161\u00ed manipulace.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b jako skladatel\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed variace na hlavn\u00ed melodie v hudb\u011b, i v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 implementovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 varianty uveden\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu. Jejich rozmanitost je pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e1 a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1vis\u00ed na charakteristik\u00e1ch infrastruktury, ve kter\u00e9 je SMT nasazena. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variantou je ta, kde nejsou instalov\u00e1ny ani konfigurov\u00e1ny agenty pro zachyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je analyzovan\u00fd provoz sm\u011brov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edmo k serveru<\/a> nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad server z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace z pcap soubor\u016f, kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ily monitorovac\u00ed objekty. Tento zp\u016fsob dod\u00e1vky se obvykle vol\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 nainstalovat sn\u00edma\u010de. M\u00edsto um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nedostatek zdroj\u016f virtualizace, nedostatky v organizaci transportn\u00ed IP s\u00edt\u011b a jako d\u016fsledek probl\u00e9my se s\u00ed\u0165ovou konektivitou atd., to v\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u016fvodem v\u00fdb\u011bru uveden\u00e9 varianty organizace monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a porozum\u011bn\u00ed tomu, jak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dan\u00e9 SMT implementov\u00e1no do IT infrastruktury z architektonick\u00e9ho hlediska, se nyn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na aspekty, kter\u00e9 v\u00edce spadaj\u00ed do kompetence syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1tor\u016f, a to konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na zp\u016fsoby nasazen\u00ed softwarov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f na serverech.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro realizaci diskutovan\u00e9ho prvku monitorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b maj\u00ed zhotovitel\u00e9 v\u017edy mnoho ot\u00e1zek. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, jak\u00e1 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt konfigurace hardwaru serveru, zda sta\u010d\u00ed instalace v\u0161ech komponent\u016f syst\u00e9mu na jednom hostiteli, nebo zda by m\u011bly b\u00fdt odd\u011bleny, jak prov\u00e1d\u011bt instalaci softwaru atd. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 a mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zky jsou velmi rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 a odpov\u011bdi na mnoho z nich skute\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch provozu (nebo projektov\u00e1n\u00ed). Budeme se v\u0161ak sna\u017eit shrnout konkr\u00e9tnost, abychom z\u00edskali obecn\u00fd p\u0159ehled a porozum\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti nasazen\u00ed SMT.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee, prvn\u00ed v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 v\u017edy zaj\u00edm\u00e1 odborn\u00edky p\u0159i implementaci SMT \u2013 s jak\u00fdmi technick\u00fdmi parametry pou\u017e\u00edt server? Vzhledem k \u0161irok\u00e9 dostupnosti open source softwaru, je tato ot\u00e1zka pokl\u00e1d\u00e1na tak \u010dasto, \u017ee jej\u00ed popularitu by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 srovnat s ot\u00e1zkou \u201eCo d\u011blat?\u201c, kterou polo\u017eil je\u0161t\u011b Nikolaj Gavrilovi\u010d \u010cerny\u0161evsk\u00fd\u2026 Hlavn\u00edm faktorem, kter\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje odpov\u011b\u010f, je po\u010det medi\u00e1ln\u00edch session, kter\u00e9 platforma telefonie zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 nebo bude zpracov\u00e1vat. \u010c\u00edseln\u00e1 a hmatateln\u00e9 charakteristika, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1v\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed tohoto faktoru, je parametr CAPS (Call Attempts Per Second) neboli po\u010det hovor\u016f za sekundu. Nezbytnost odpov\u011bd\u011bt na tuto ot\u00e1zku je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobena t\u00edm, \u017ee informace o session, sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed do syst\u00e9mu, bude zat\u011b\u017eovat jeho server.<\/p>\n

Druhou ot\u00e1zkou, kter\u00e1 vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o vlastnostech hardwarov\u00fdch komponent serveru, je slo\u017een\u00ed softwaru (opera\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, datab\u00e1ze atd.), kter\u00e9 na n\u011bm bude fungovat. Sign\u00e1ln\u00ed (nebo tak\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed) provoz p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na server, kde je zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n (anal\u00fdza sign\u00e1ln\u00edch zpr\u00e1v) n\u011bjakou aplikac\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad Kamailio), a d\u00e1le formovan\u00e1 informace je ulo\u017eena do datab\u00e1ze. Pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 SMT, jak aplikace produkuj\u00edc\u00ed defragmentaci sign\u00e1ln\u00edch jednotek, tak aplikace zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u0161echny spojuje jedna vlastnost, a to v\u00edcevl\u00e1knovost. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee vzhledem k vlastnostem takov\u00e9ho prvku infrastruktury, jako je SMT, v tomto bod\u011b je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee po\u010det z\u00e1pisov\u00fdch operac\u00ed na disk v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161uje po\u010det operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed z n\u011bj.<\/p>\n

A nakonec\u2026 \u201eKolik toho toto slovo zahrnuje\u201c: server, virtualizace, kontejnerizace\u2026 Posledn\u00ed, ale velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd aspekt, kter\u00fd bude zm\u00edn\u011bn v t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dl\u00e1nku, jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby instalace komponent SMT p\u0159i jej\u00edm nasazen\u00ed. Technologie, kter\u00e9 jsou uvedeny vedle cit\u00e1tu z nesmrteln\u00e9ho d\u00edla A.S. Pu\u0161kina, jsou \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch infrastruktur\u00e1ch a projektech. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b jsou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b \u00fazce propojeny, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed podle mnoha krit\u00e9ri\u00ed. P\u0159esto jsou v\u0161echny v n\u011bjak\u00e9 form\u011b prezentov\u00e1ny v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i jako dostupn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro instalaci sv\u00fdch produkt\u016f. Shr\u0148me pro syst\u00e9my uveden\u00e9 v prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dl\u00e1nku n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed zp\u016fsoby jejich nasazen\u00ed na fyzick\u00fd server nebo virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj:
\n \u2014 pou\u017eit\u00ed automatiza\u010dn\u00edch instala\u010dn\u00edch skript\u016f nebo vlastn\u00ed instalace a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho softwaru,
\n \u2014 pou\u017eit\u00ed hotov\u00e9ho obrazu OS s p\u0159edinstalovan\u00fdm softwarem SMT a\/nebo agenta,
\n \u2014 pou\u017eit\u00ed kontejneriza\u010dn\u00ed technologie (Docker).<\/p>\n

Uveden\u00e9 instala\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody a odborn\u00edci maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 preference, omezen\u00ed a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, v nich\u017e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed provozovan\u00e1 nebo zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 infrastruktura, aby mohli sd\u011blit n\u011bjak\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed. Na druhou stranu, uveden\u00fd popis cest nasazen\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed SIP provozu je dostate\u010dn\u011b pr\u016fhledn\u00fd a v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi nevy\u017eaduje podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Takto vznikl dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek, v\u011bnovan\u00fd d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9mu a zaj\u00edmav\u00e9mu prvku VoIP s\u00edt\u011b \u2013 syst\u00e9mu pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed SIP provozu. Jak ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b, d\u011bkuji \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm za projevenou pozornost k tomuto materi\u00e1lu! V dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti se pokus\u00edme je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce pono\u0159it do detail\u016f a pod\u00edvat se na produkty HOMER SIP Capture a SIP3.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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