{"id":34384,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-zfs-on-linux-0-8-0-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","slug":"vypusk-zfs-on-linux-0-8-0-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-zfs-on-linux-0-8-0-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed ZFS na Linuxu 0.8.0, implementace ZFS pro j\u00e1dro Linuxu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvou letech v\u00fdvoje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zfsonlinux.topicbox.com\/groups\/zfs-announce\/Td685d95c8216814c\/v0-8-0-released\">byl p\u0159edstaven<\/a><\/noindex> vyd\u00e1n\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/zfsonlinux.org\/\">ZFS na Linuxu 0.8.0<\/a><\/noindex>, implementace souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ZFS ve form\u011b modulu pro j\u00e1dro Linux. Funk\u010dnost modulu byla ov\u011b\u0159ena s j\u00e1dry Linux od 2.6.32 do 5.1. Hotov\u00e9 instala\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dky budou k dispozici brzy.  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/zfsonlinux.org\/\">p\u0159ipravena<\/a><\/noindex> pro hlavn\u00ed distribuce Linuxu, v\u010detn\u011b Debianu, Ubuntu, Fedory, RHEL\/CentOS. Modul ZFS na Linuxu u\u017e je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed distribuc\u00ed Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Sabayon Linux a ALT Linux.<\/p>\n<p>V r\u00e1mci ZFS na Linuxu byla p\u0159ipravena implementace komponent ZFS, kter\u00e9 se vztahuj\u00ed jak na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, tak na \u010dinnost spr\u00e1vce svazk\u016f. Byly implementov\u00e1ny komponenty: SPA (Storage Pool Allocator), DMU (Data Management Unit), ZVOL (ZFS Emulated Volume) a ZPL (ZFS POSIX Layer). Projekt tak\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed ZFS jako backend pro clusteringov\u00fd souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Lustre. V\u00fdvoj projektu se op\u00edr\u00e1 o p\u016fvodn\u00ed k\u00f3d ZFS importovan\u00fd z projektu OpenSolaris a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd o vylep\u0161en\u00ed a opravy od komunity Illumos. Projekt se vyv\u00edj\u00ed za \u00fa\u010dasti zam\u011bstnanc\u016f Livermore National Laboratory na z\u00e1klad\u011b smlouvy s ministerstvem energetiky USA.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f3d je distribuov\u00e1n pod svobodnou licenc\u00ed CDDL, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed kompatibiln\u00ed s GPLv2, co\u017e br\u00e1n\u00ed integraci ZFS na Linuxu do hlavn\u00ed v\u011btve j\u00e1dra Linux, proto\u017ee m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du licencovan\u00fdch pod GPLv2 a CDDL je nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9. Abychom se vyhnuli t\u00e9to licen\u010dn\u00ed nekompatibilit\u011b, bylo rozhodnuto distribuovat produkt zcela pod licenc\u00ed CDDL formou samostatn\u011b stahovan\u00e9ho modulu, kter\u00fd je poskytov\u00e1n odd\u011blen\u011b od j\u00e1dra. Stabilita k\u00f3dov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny ZFS na Linuxu se hodnot\u00ed jako srovnateln\u00e1 s jin\u00fdmi souborov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my pro Linux. <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed zm\u011bny:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na integrovan\u00e1 podpora \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00fdch dat na \u00farovni souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a odd\u00edl\u016f. Pro \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed se ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 algoritmus aes-256-ccm. K na\u010dten\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f pro \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed je navr\u017eena p\u0159\u00edkaz &#171;zfs load-key&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost p\u0159enosu \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch dat p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f &#171;zfs send&#187; a &#171;zfs receive&#8217;. P\u0159i zad\u00e1n\u00ed volby &#171;-w&#187; se ji\u017e za\u0161ifrovan\u00e1 data v puli p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed do jin\u00e9ho pulu tak, jak jsou, bez mezisou\u010dinn\u00e9 de\u0161ifrace. P\u0159i takov\u00e9m kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed data z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bna kl\u00ed\u010dem odes\u00edlaj\u00edc\u00ed strany, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto re\u017eimu pro z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed na ned\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kompromitace p\u0159\u00edjemce bez kl\u00ed\u010de se \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk nedostane k dat\u016fm);\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00edch disk\u016f z \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159ipojeny jak samostatn\u011b, tak v r\u00e1mci zrcadla. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazem &#171;zpool remove&#187;. B\u011bhem odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou data z vylou\u010den\u00e9ho disku zkop\u00edrov\u00e1na na z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed disky v pulu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edkaz &#171;zpool checkpoint&#187; pro ulo\u017een\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu pulu s mo\u017enost\u00ed vr\u00e1tit se k dal\u0161\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m na ulo\u017een\u00fd moment (vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se sn\u00edmek cel\u00e9ho pulu). P\u0159edstavovan\u00e1 mo\u017enost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 b\u011bhem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch slo\u017eit\u00fdch administrativn\u00edch prac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek vedly k nevratn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m (nap\u0159\u00edklad aktivace p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f nov\u00e9 funk\u010dnosti ZFS nebo \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dat);\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edkaz &#171;zpool trim&#187;, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje informovat pou\u017eit\u00e9 disky v pulu o sektorech, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e nejsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny. Pou\u017eit\u00ed operace TRIM zvy\u0161uje efektivitu pr\u00e1ce SSD disk\u016f a zabra\u0148uje degradaci jejich v\u00fdkonu. Pro aktivaci nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9ho pozad\u00ed procesu odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f TRIM bylo navr\u017eeno nov\u00e9 vlastnost &#171;autotrim&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edkaz &#171;zpool initialize&#187; pro inicializaci ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho nealokovan\u00e9ho diskov\u00e9ho prostoru, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jeho okam\u017eitou p\u0159ipravenost k pou\u017eit\u00ed, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k poklesu v\u00fdkonu p\u0159i prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed virtualizovan\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165, jako je VMware VMDK);\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed a kvoty na \u00farovni projektu, kter\u00e9 dopl\u0148uj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve dostupn\u00e9 kvoty na \u00farovni u\u017eivatele a skupiny. V podstat\u011b projekty \u2013 to jsou samostatn\u00e9 prostory objekt\u016f spojen\u00e9 s jedine\u010dn\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torem (project ID). Vazba se ur\u010duje pomoc\u00ed operace 'chattr -p' nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed atribut\u016f. Pro spr\u00e1vu projekt\u016f jsou k dispozici p\u0159\u00edkazy \u201ezfs project\u201c a \u201ezfs projectspace\u201c, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed spravovat vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed projekt\u016f a nastavovat pro n\u011b limity diskov\u00e9ho prostoru;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed Lua skript\u016f pro automatizaci r\u016fzn\u00fdch prac\u00ed s ZFS. Skripty se spou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch izolovan\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu \u201ezpool program\u201c;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla realizov\u00e1na nov\u00e1 knihovna <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ClusterHQ\/pyzfs\">pyzfs<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 poskytuje stabiln\u00ed API pro spr\u00e1vu ZFS z aplikac\u00ed napsan\u00fdch v Pythonu. Knihovna je obal nad libzfs_core a nab\u00edz\u00ed identickou sadu funkc\u00ed, ale pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 typy, kter\u00e9 jsou pro Python bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna kompatibilita utilit arcstat, arcsummary a dbufstat s Pythonem 3. Utility arcstat.py, arc_summary.py a dbufstat.py byly p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1ny na varianty bez p\u0159\u00edpony '.py';\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro rozhran\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux Direct IO (O_DIRECT), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm bez vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011bti a obch\u00e1z\u00ed cache;\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159edstaveny optimalizace v\u00fdkonu:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  Byla zrychlena pr\u00e1ce p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f \u201escrub\u201c a \u201eresilver\u201c d\u00edky rozd\u011blen\u00ed na dv\u011b f\u00e1ze (vy\u010dlen\u011bna byla samostatn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze pro skenov\u00e1n\u00ed metadat a ur\u010den\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed blok\u016f s daty na disku, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed kontrolu pomoc\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edho \u010dten\u00ed dat);\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159id\u00e1na podpora t\u0159\u00edd alokace (Allocation classes),<br \/>\nkter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zahrnout do poolu relativn\u011b mal\u00e9 SSD disky a pou\u017e\u00edvat je pouze pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho typu \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch blok\u016f, jako jsou metadata, data DDT a mal\u00e9 bloky s soubory;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zv\u00fd\u0161ena v\u00fdkonnost p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f pro spr\u00e1vu, jako jsou<br \/>\n\u201ezfs list\u201c a \u201ezfs get\u201c, d\u00edky caching pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch metadat pro jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora paralelizace operac\u00ed alokace blok\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed samostatn\u00fdch proces\u016f \u201eallocator\u201c pro ka\u017edou skupinu metaslab. Na b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech se v\u00fdznamn\u011b zlep\u0161ila v\u00fdkonnost na \u00farovni 5-10%, av\u0161ak na velk\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech (8 128 GB SSD, 24 j\u00e1drov\u00fd NUMA, 256 GB RAM) m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1r\u016fst operac\u00ed alokace blok\u016f dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e 25%;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost odlo\u017een\u00e9ho vykon\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu \u201eresilver\u201c (p\u0159estavba rozd\u011blen\u00ed dat s ohledem na zm\u011bnu konfigurace \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165) \u2013 pokud p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9 operace je\u0161t\u011b nedo\u0161lo k ukon\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed, nov\u00fd zpracovatel za\u010dne vykon\u00e1vat a\u017e po skon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce p\u0159edchoz\u00edho;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do den\u00edku ZIL (ZFS Intent Log) byly provedeny optimalizace, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed blok\u016f p\u0159i existenci blok\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou je\u0161t\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1ny \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zkr\u00e1cena doba registrace odd\u00edl\u016f (zvol) v syst\u00e9mu. Kdy\u017e z\u00e1sobn\u00edk obsahuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed odd\u00edl\u016f, st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se nyn\u00ed dostupn\u00fdmi okam\u017eit\u011b po proveden\u00ed \u201ezpool import\u201c;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora hardwarov\u00e9ho zrychlen\u00ed pro v\u00fdpo\u010dty hashe SHA256 a operace \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed AES-GSM za pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dip\u016f s podporou technologie Intel QAT (Quick Assist Technology). Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora hardwarov\u00e9ho zrychlen\u00ed \u010dipsetu Intel C62x a CPU Atom C3000.\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50730\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 ZFS on Linux 0.8.0, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b ZFS, \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 Linux c 2.6.32 \u043f\u043e 5.1. \u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 Linux, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, RHEL\/CentOS. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c ZFS on Linux \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 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