{"id":34430,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pochemu-inzhenery-ne-zabotyatsya-o-monitoringe-prilozhenij\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:16","slug":"pochemu-inzhenery-ne-zabotyatsya-o-monitoringe-prilozhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/pochemu-inzhenery-ne-zabotyatsya-o-monitoringe-prilozhenij","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d se in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i nezab\u00fdvaj\u00ed monitoringem aplikac\u00ed?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0161ichni, kr\u00e1sn\u00fd p\u00e1tek! P\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, dnes pokra\u010dujeme v s\u00e9rii publikac\u00ed v\u011bnovan\u00fdch kurzu \u201eDevOps praktiky a n\u00e1stroje\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>, proto\u017ee lekce v nov\u00e9 skupin\u011b za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed u\u017e na konci p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho t\u00fddne. Tak se do toho pus\u0165me!<\/p>\n

\"Pro\u010d
\n
\nMonitoring je prost\u011b<\/b>. To je zn\u00e1m\u00fd fakt. Spus\u0165te Nagios, nastavte NRPE na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, nakonfigurujte Nagios na portu NRPE TCP 5666 a m\u00e1te monitoring.<\/p>\n

Je to tak snadn\u00e9, \u017ee je to dokonce nudn\u00e9. Nyn\u00ed m\u00e1te z\u00e1kladn\u00ed metriky jako CPU \u010das, diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed v Nagios a NRPE. Ale ve skute\u010dnosti to nen\u00ed \u201emonitoring\u201c jako takov\u00fd. Je to jen za\u010d\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n

(Obvykle se instaluje PNP4Nagios, RRDtool a Thruk, nastavuj\u00ed se upozorn\u011bn\u00ed ve Slacku a p\u0159\u00edmo se jde na nagiosexchange, ale zat\u00edm to opust\u00edme).<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Dobr\u00fd monitoring<\/b> je vlastn\u011b docela slo\u017eit\u00fd, mus\u00edte opravdu rozum\u011bt vnitrnostem aplikace, kterou sledujete.<\/p>\n

Je monitoring slo\u017eit\u00fd?<\/h2>\n

\nKa\u017ed\u00fd server, a\u0165 u\u017e Linux nebo Windows, bude m\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00fd \u00fa\u010del. Apache, Samba, Tomcat, \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b soubor\u016f, LDAP \u2014 v\u0161echny tyto slu\u017eby jsou v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b unik\u00e1tn\u00ed v jednom nebo n\u011bkolika ohledech. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 svou funkci, sv\u00e9 specifikace. Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak z\u00edskat metriky, KPI (kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 ukazatele v\u00fdkonnosti), kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e server je pod zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n

\"Pro\u010d
\nAutor fotografie Luke Chesser<\/a><\/noindex> na Unsplash
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

(Cht\u011bl bych, aby m\u00e9 dashboardy byly v neonov\u011b modr\u00e9 barv\u011b \u2014 zasn\u011bn\u011b vzdychaj\u00edc \u2014\u2026 hm\u2026)<\/p>\n

Jak\u00fdkoli software poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed slu\u017eby by m\u011bl m\u00edt mechanismus pro sb\u011br metrik. Apache m\u00e1 modul mod-status<\/code>, kter\u00fd zobrazuje stavovou str\u00e1nku serveru. U Nginx je to stub_status<\/code>. Tomcat m\u00e1 JMX nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed webov\u00e9 aplikace, kter\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 metriky. V MySQL je p\u0159\u00edkaz \u201eshow global status\u201c a tak d\u00e1le.
\nPro\u010d tedy v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i neintegruj\u00ed takov\u00e9 mechanismy do aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed?<\/p>\n

D\u011blaj\u00ed to jen v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i?<\/h2>\n

\nUr\u010dit\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 lhostejnosti k integraci metriky se neomezuje pouze na v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e. Pracoval jsem ve firm\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 vyv\u00edjely aplikace pomoc\u00ed Tomcat a nevyd\u00e1valy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 sv\u00e9 metriky, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o aktivit\u011b slu\u017eby, krom\u011b obecn\u00fdch chybov\u00fdch log\u016f Tomcat. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i generuj\u00ed spoustu log\u016f, kter\u00e9 nic neznamenaj\u00ed pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora, kter\u00fd je nucen je \u010d\u00edst ve 3:15 r\u00e1no.<\/p>\n

\"Pro\u010d
\nAutor fotografie Tim Gouw<\/a><\/noindex> na Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9mov\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed t\u011bmto produkt\u016fm dostat se na trh, by tak\u00e9 m\u011bli n\u00e9st ur\u010ditou odpov\u011bdnost za situaci. Jen m\u00e1lo syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f m\u00e1 \u010das a zaj\u00edm\u00e1 se o to, jak z\u00edskat smyslupln\u00e9 metriky z log\u016f, ani\u017e by m\u011bli kontext t\u011bchto metrik a mo\u017enost je interpretovat ve sv\u011btle aktivity aplikace. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed nech\u00e1pou, jak\u00fd u\u017eitek z toho mohou m\u00edt, krom\u011b ukazatel\u016f typu 'n\u011bco nen\u00ed v po\u0159\u00e1dku (nebo brzy bude)'.<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bna my\u0161len\u00ed ohledn\u011b pot\u0159eby metrik by se m\u011bla d\u00edt nejen mezi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, ale i mezi syst\u00e9mov\u00fdmi in\u017een\u00fdry.<\/p>\n

Pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdra, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed nejen reagovat na kritick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, ale i zaru\u010dit jejich absenci, je nedostatek metrik obvykle p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou.<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9mov\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i obvykle nekoukaj\u00ed do k\u00f3du, jak vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed pen\u00edze pro svou spole\u010dnost. Pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed ch\u00e1pou d\u016fle\u017eitost odpov\u011bdnosti syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdra p\u0159i detekci probl\u00e9m\u016f, zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o v\u00fdkonnostn\u00edch probl\u00e9mech a podobn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Tato v\u011bc s devops.<\/h2>\n

\nMentalita devops popisuje synergii my\u0161len\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f (dev) a operac\u00ed (ops). Jak\u00e1koli spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee 'd\u011bl\u00e1 devops', by m\u011bla:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0159\u00edkat v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ned\u011blaj\u00ed (nar\u00e1\u017eka na mem z filmu 'Princezna nev\u011bsta' - 'Nemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee to znamen\u00e1 to, co si mysl\u00ed\u0161, \u017ee to znamen\u00e1!')<\/li>\n
  2. podporovat p\u0159\u00edstup k neust\u00e1l\u00e9mu zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00ed produktu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nNem\u016f\u017eete zlep\u0161it produkt a v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee byl vylep\u0161en, pokud nev\u00edte, jak funguje v sou\u010dasnosti. Nebudete moci zjistit, jak produkt funguje, pokud nepochop\u00edte, jak funguj\u00ed jeho komponenty, slu\u017eby, od kter\u00fdch z\u00e1vis\u00ed, jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bolestiv\u00e1 m\u00edsta a \u00fazk\u00e1 m\u00edsta.
    \nPokud nesledujete potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u00fazk\u00e1 m\u00edsta, nebudete moci pou\u017e\u00edt techniku 'p\u011bt pro\u010d' p\u0159i psan\u00ed Postmortem. Nebudete schopni shrom\u00e1\u017edit v\u0161echno na jednom displeji, abyste vid\u011bli, jak produkt funguje nebo jak vypad\u00e1 'norm\u00e1ln\u011b a \u0161\u0165astn\u011b'.<\/p>\n

    Posun vlevo, VLEVO, \u0158\u00cdKAL JSEM, LEEEEE\u2014 <\/h2>\n

    \nPro m\u011b je jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch princip\u016f Devops 'Posun vlevo' (shift left). Posun vlevo v tomto kontextu znamen\u00e1 posun mo\u017enosti (ne odpov\u011bdnosti<\/b>, a pouze mo\u017enosti) d\u011blat to, o co se obvykle staraj\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i, nap\u0159\u00edklad vytv\u00e1\u0159et metriky v\u00fdkonu, efektivn\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvat logy atd., na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu dod\u00e1vky softwaru (Software Delivery Life Cycle).<\/p>\n

    \"Pro\u010d
    \nAutor fotografie     NESA od Makers<\/a><\/noindex> na Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

    V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i softwaru by m\u011bli m\u00edt mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat a zn\u00e1t monitorovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dnost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, aby prov\u00e1d\u011bli monitoring ve v\u0161ech jeho form\u00e1ch, metrik\u00e1ch, logov\u00e1n\u00ed, monitora\u010dn\u00edch rozhran\u00edch a co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, sledovat, jak jejich produkt funguje v produk\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/i>. Nem\u016f\u017eete donutit v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, aby investovali sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed a \u010das do monitoringu, pokud nebudou moci vid\u011bt metriky a ovlivnit to, jak vypadaj\u00ed, jak je vlastn\u00edkem produktu p\u0159edstav\u00ed CTO na dal\u0161\u00edm briefingu atd.<\/p>\n

    Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno,<\/h2>\n

    <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. p\u0159ive\u010fte kon\u011b k vod\u011b. Uk\u00e1\u017ete v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, kolika probl\u00e9m\u016fm se mohou vyhnout, pomozte jim definovat spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 KPI a metriky pro jejich aplikace, aby bylo m\u00e9n\u011b k\u0159iku od vlastn\u00edka produktu, na kter\u00e9ho k\u0159i\u010d\u00ed technick\u00fd \u0159editel (CTO). Vyve\u010fte je na sv\u011btlo, jemn\u011b a klidn\u011b. Pokud to nevyjde, pak podpl\u00e1cejte, vyhro\u017eujte a p\u0159emlouvejte bu\u010f je, nebo vlastn\u00edka produktu, aby co nejrychleji zrealizovali z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto metrik z aplikac\u00ed, a pak nakreslete grafy. Bude to obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee to nebude pova\u017eov\u00e1no za prioritu a v produktov\u00e9 roadmap\u011b bude mnoho projekt\u016f \u010dekaj\u00edc\u00edch na realizaci, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy. Proto budete pot\u0159ebovat ekonomick\u00e9 zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed, abyste obh\u00e1jili \u010das a prost\u0159edky vynalo\u017een\u00e9 na implementaci monitoringu do produktu.<\/li>\n
    2. Pomozte syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm in\u017een\u00fdr\u016fm vyspat se. Uka\u017ete jim, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed kontroln\u00edho seznamu \u201evyd\u00e1v\u00e1me verzi\u201c pro jak\u00fdkoli vyd\u00e1van\u00fd produkt je dobr\u00e9. A kontrola toho, \u017ee v\u0161echny aplikace v produkci maj\u00ed pokryt\u00ed metrikami, pom\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout zdrav\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku v noci, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm vid\u011bt, co a kde nefunguje. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, spr\u00e1vn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak podr\u00e1\u017edit a roz\u010dilit jak\u00e9hokoli v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, vlastn\u00edka produktu a technick\u00e9ho \u0159editele, je neust\u00e1le vkl\u00e1dat klacky pod nohy a odporovat. Toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed ovlivn\u00ed datum vyd\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli produktu, pokud se op\u011bt vy\u010dk\u00e1 na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli, tak\u017ee prove\u010fte posun vlevo a co nejd\u0159\u00edve zahr\u0148te tyto ot\u00e1zky do projektov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu. Pokud je to nutn\u00e9, vm\u011b\u0161ujte se na sch\u016fzky v\u011bnovan\u00e9 produktu. Noste fale\u0161n\u00e9 kn\u00edry a klobouk nebo n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho, to nikdy nezkaz\u00ed. Nahlaste sv\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, uka\u017ete jasn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a evangelizujte.<\/li>\n
    3. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee jak v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i (dev), tak provoz (ops) ch\u00e1pou v\u00fdznam a dopad p\u0159echodu metrik produktu do \u201e\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00f3ny\u201c. Nenech\u00e1vejte provoz jako jedin\u00e9ho str\u00e1\u017ece funk\u010dnosti produktu, ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee se do toho zapojuj\u00ed i v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i (#productsquads).<\/li>\n
    4. Logy jsou skv\u011bl\u00e9, ale metriky taky. Spojte je a nepovolte, aby se va\u0161e logy staly odpadem v obrovsk\u00e9 ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed kouli zbyte\u010dnosti. Vysv\u011btlete a uka\u017ete v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, pro\u010d se nikdo krom\u011b nich nevyzn\u00e1 v jejich log\u00e1ch, uka\u017ete jim, jak\u00e9 to je sledovat bezcenn\u00e9 logy v 3:15 r\u00e1no.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\"Pro\u010d
      \nAutor fotografie       Marko Horvat<\/a><\/noindex> na Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

      T\u00edmto to kon\u010d\u00ed. Nov\u00fd materi\u00e1l vyjde p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden. Pokud se chcete dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o kurzu, zveme v\u00e1s na den otev\u0159en\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00fd prob\u011bhne ji\u017e v pond\u011bl\u00ed. A nyn\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u011b \u010dek\u00e1me na va\u0161e koment\u00e1\u0159e.
      \n
      Zdroj:       habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439! \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f, \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0443 \u00abDevOps \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0451\u043c! \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 Nagios, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 NRPE \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 Nagios \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 NRPE TCP 5666 \u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25942,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Pro\u010d se in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i nestaraj\u00ed o monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed? 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