{"id":34491,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:39","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/intel-rabotaet-nad-opticheskimi-chipami-dlya-bolee-effektivnogo-ii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:39","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:39","slug":"intel-rabotaet-nad-opticheskimi-chipami-dlya-bolee-effektivnogo-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/intel-rabotaet-nad-opticheskimi-chipami-dlya-bolee-effektivnogo-ii","title":{"rendered":"Intel pracuje na optick\u00fdch \u010dipech pro efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed AI","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Fot\u00f3nov\u00e9 integrovan\u00e9 obvody nebo optick\u00e9 \u010dipy maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b mnoho v\u00fdhod oproti elektronick\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161k\u016fm, jako je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159eby energie a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed latence ve v\u00fdpo\u010dtech. To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d mnoho v\u011bdc\u016f v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee by mohly b\u00fdt extr\u00e9mn\u011b efektivn\u00ed v \u00faloh\u00e1ch strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence (AI). Spole\u010dnost Intel tak\u00e9 vid\u00ed velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9 fotoniky v t\u00e9to oblasti. Jej\u00ed skupina v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a><\/noindex> podrobn\u011b popsala nov\u00e9 metody, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit optick\u00e9 neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b o krok bl\u00ed\u017ee k realit\u011b.<\/p>\n

\"Intel<\/p>\n

V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 publikaci na blogu Intel<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u011bnovan\u00fd strojov\u00e9mu u\u010den\u00ed, popisuje, jak za\u010d\u00ednala v\u00fdzkumy v oblasti optick\u00fdch neuronov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce Davida Millera (David A. B. Miller) a Michala Reka (Michael Reck) uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee typ fotonov\u00e9ho okruhu zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Mach-Zehnder\u016fv interferometr (MZI) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nakonfigurov\u00e1n pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1soben\u00ed matic o rozm\u011bru 2 \u00d7 2, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pokud um\u00edst\u00edme MZI do troj\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pro n\u00e1soben\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch matic, m\u016f\u017eeme z\u00edskat sch\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 realizuje algoritmus n\u00e1soben\u00ed matice vektorem \u2014 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd ve strojov\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy spole\u010dnosti Intel se zam\u011b\u0159ily na to, co se d\u011bje p\u0159i v\u00fdskytu r\u016fzn\u00fdch defekt\u016f, kter\u00fdm jsou optick\u00e9 \u010dipy vystaveny p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b (proto\u017ee v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed fotonika je svou povahou analogov\u00e1), co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje rozd\u00edly v p\u0159esnosti v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u010dipy stejn\u00e9ho typu. I kdy\u017e byla podobn\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed ji\u017e realizov\u00e1na, v minulosti se v\u00edce soust\u0159edila na optimalizaci po v\u00fdrob\u011b za \u00fa\u010delem odstran\u011bn\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch nep\u0159esnost\u00ed. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup v\u0161ak m\u00e1 \u0161patnou \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost, proto\u017ee s\u00edt\u011b se st\u00e1le zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00ed, co\u017e vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho k nastaven\u00ed optick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. M\u00edsto optimalizace po v\u00fdrob\u011b uva\u017eovala spole\u010dnost Intel o mo\u017enosti jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9ho \u0161kolen\u00ed \u010dip\u016f p\u0159ed v\u00fdrobou d\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed architektury odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di ru\u0161en\u00ed. Referen\u010dn\u00ed optick\u00e1 neuronov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 byla \u0161kolena jednou, pot\u00e9 byly parametry \u0161kolen\u00ed rozd\u011bleny mezi n\u011bkolik vyroben\u00fdch exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f s\u00edt\u011b s odli\u0161nostmi v jejich komponent\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

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T\u00fdm Intel prozkoumal dv\u011b architektury pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence zalo\u017een\u00fdch na MZI: GridNet a FFTNet. GridNet p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011b umis\u0165uje MZI do s\u00edt\u011b, zat\u00edmco FFTNet je umis\u0165uje ve tvaru \u201emot\u00fdl\u016f\u201c. Po tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed obou v simulaci na referen\u010dn\u00ed \u00faloze hlubok\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b psan\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslic (MNIST) v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee GridNet dos\u00e1hl vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnosti ne\u017e FFTNet (98 % oproti 95 %), ale architektura FFTNet se uk\u00e1zala b\u00fdt \u201ev\u00fdznamn\u011b spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c. Ve skute\u010dnosti klesla v\u00fdkonnost GridNet pod 50 % p\u0159i p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9ho \u0161umu (interference napodobuj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 defekty p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b optick\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f), zat\u00edmco u FFTNet z\u016fstala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 konstantn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdzkumy pokl\u00e1daj\u00ed z\u00e1klady pro metody \u0161kolen\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00e9 pomohou zbavit se nutnosti jemn\u00e9ho lad\u011bn\u00ed optick\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f po jejich v\u00fdrob\u011b, co\u017e u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed cenn\u00fd \u010das a zdroje.<\/p>\n

\u201eStejn\u011b jako v jak\u00e9mkoliv v\u00fdrobn\u00edm procesu se vyskytnou ur\u010dit\u00e9 defekty, kter\u00e9 znamenaj\u00ed, \u017ee mezi \u010dipem budou drobn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly, a ty budou ovliv\u0148ovat p\u0159esnost v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f\u201c, p\u00ed\u0161e vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0159editel skupiny produkt\u016f Intel AI Kazimir Wierzynski. \u201ePokud se optick\u00e9 neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b maj\u00ed st\u00e1t \u017eivotaschopnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hardwarov\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, budou muset p\u0159ej\u00edt na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010dipy a technologie pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby. Na\u0161e v\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 architektury p\u0159edem m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee z\u00edskan\u00e9 \u010dipy dos\u00e1hnou po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu i p\u0159i v\u00fdrobn\u00edch variac\u00edch.\u201c<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148, zat\u00edmco Intel se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b soust\u0159ed\u00ed na v\u00fdzkum, kandid\u00e1t fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-matematick\u00fdch v\u011bd z Massachusettsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho institutu Yichen Shen zalo\u017eil startup Lightelligence se s\u00eddlem v Bostonu, kter\u00fd z\u00edskal venture kapit\u00e1l ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10,7 milionu dolar\u016f a ned\u00e1vno p\u0159edstavil<\/a><\/noindex> prototyp optick\u00e9ho \u010dipu pro strojov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00fd je 100kr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 \u010dipy a tak\u00e9 dramaticky sni\u017euje spot\u0159ebu energie, co\u017e op\u011bt jasn\u011b demonstruje perspektivy fotonick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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