{"id":34612,"date":"2019-10-31T21:59:22","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:59:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blokchejn-chto-nam-stoit-kejs-postroit\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:59:22","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:59:22","slug":"blokchejn-chto-nam-stoit-kejs-postroit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/blokchejn-chto-nam-stoit-kejs-postroit","title":{"rendered":"Blockchain: co stoj\u00ed za to vytvo\u0159it p\u0159\u00edpad?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Cel\u00e1 historie lidstva je pokusem o zni\u010den\u00ed star\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed a vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b lep\u0161\u00edho. (Anonymn\u00ed autor)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/443282\/\">\u201eCo n\u00e1m stoj\u00ed postavit blockchain?\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> Pod\u00edvali jsme se na technologie, na kter\u00fdch funguj\u00ed v\u0161echny blockchainy. Nyn\u00ed je \u010das pochopit, jak\u00e9 \u00fakoly mohou modern\u00ed blockchainy \u0159e\u0161it. Nejd\u0159\u00edve se pod\u00edvejme na anal\u00fdzu aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu blockchainu a perspektiv do budoucnosti. Jako technick\u00e9mu specialistovi se mi l\u00edb\u00ed spole\u010dnost Gartner se sv\u00fdmi \u010detn\u00fdmi cykly zralosti technologi\u00ed (Hype Cycles). Na grafu je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn cyklus zralosti blockchainu v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed na konci roku 2018. Jak\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry lze ud\u011blat?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Blockchain: co stoj\u00ed za to vytvo\u0159it p\u0159\u00edpad?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/04333a58930b95f2e99fee0da1769e75.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Anal\u00fdza od Gartnera<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Z grafu je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pr\u016fmysly se sna\u017e\u00ed aplikovat blockchain pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f, a ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 pr\u016fmysly, kter\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed zkoumat blockchain.<\/li>\n<li>Spolu s t\u00edm zat\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl nedos\u00e1hl ani plateau produktivity, ani sklonu osv\u00edcen\u00ed. <\/li>\n<li>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee ne v\u0161echny pr\u016fmysly, kter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed na cest\u011b k vrcholu o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, dos\u00e1hnou plateau produktivity, ale soud\u011b podle masovosti pohybu, za 5-10 let budeme sv\u011bdky v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u0159ady p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. <\/li>\n<li>A kde je Bitcoin, t\u011b\u017eba a vlastn\u011b kryptom\u011bna, m\u016f\u017eete se pt\u00e1t? Tyto technologie p\u0159ece p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zisk? Objevovaly se na grafech minul\u00fdch let, ale letos u\u017e opustily plateau produktivity ve sv\u00fdch ur\u010den\u00fdch 10 letech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed graf ukazuje zralost technologi\u00ed blockchainu: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Blockchain: co stoj\u00ed za to vytvo\u0159it p\u0159\u00edpad?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2259bd38955f4b7c631fa7e20645405c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nCo lze \u0159\u00edct o tomto grafu?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u011bt\u0161ina modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed blockchainu se tak\u00e9 nach\u00e1z\u00ed na vln\u011b diskuse. Ne proto, \u017ee by to byly nov\u00e9 technologie, ale proto\u017ee pr\u016fmysly zkoumaj\u00ed jejich pou\u017eitelnost pro svou datovou strukturu, objem a rychlost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, hledaj\u00ed mo\u017enosti, jak pomoc\u00ed technologi\u00ed blockchainu zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu a sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady. <\/li>\n<li>Z\u00e1jem o t\u011b\u017ebu kryptom\u011bn, klasick\u00fd blockchain a obecn\u011b o technologii distribuovan\u00e9ho registru za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 klesat. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPod\u00edvejme se nyn\u00ed, pro jak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady se v pr\u016fmyslu sna\u017e\u00ed implementovat blockchain. Gartner na konci roku 2018 provedl v\u00fdzkum a p\u0159edlo\u017eil jeho v\u00fdsledky ve form\u011b matice, kde jsou p\u0159\u00edpady uvedeny horizont\u00e1ln\u011b, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed vertik\u00e1ln\u011b a kruhy na pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edc\u00edch ukazuj\u00ed, jak je konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad v dan\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fd:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Blockchain: co stoj\u00ed za to vytvo\u0159it p\u0159\u00edpad?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/76c139d7039f3a05e8006a1f9921e2c8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJak\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry lze z t\u00e9to tabulky u\u010dinit?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u011bt\u0161ina projekt\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 blockchain pro zapisov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a sd\u00edlen\u00ed dat (Shared Record Keeping a Internal Record Keeping).<\/li>\n<li>Podstatn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st projekt\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 blockchain pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu hodnot nebo zm\u011bnu jejich vlastn\u00edk\u016f (Asset Tracking).<\/li>\n<li>Identifikace (Identity Management) je postupn\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech odv\u011btv\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>V sou\u010dasnosti nen\u00ed tokenizace (Digital Tokens) p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 popt\u00e1van\u00e1 a co je p\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00ed, to sam\u00e9 lze \u0159\u00edci i o chytr\u00fdch kontraktech (Smart Contracts).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Obecn\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma blockchainu<\/h2>\n<p>\nKdy\u017e se maluje blockchain aplikovan\u00fd na n\u011bjak\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed, v\u0161echna sch\u00e9mata jsou v z\u00e1sad\u011b stejn\u00e1: existuje blockchainov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165, do kter\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci zapisuj\u00ed a \u010dtou informace pomoc\u00ed Dapp (decentralizovan\u00e1 aplikace). V\u0161echny rozd\u00edly jsou v detailech, nap\u0159\u00edklad informace do blockchainu mohou zapisovat nejen lid\u00e9, ale i za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed platformy IoT (Internet of Things). Zv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme zjednodu\u0161enou sch\u00e9ma na p\u0159\u00edkladu IoT, proto\u017ee to je jedno z nejdiskutovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pou\u017eit\u00ed blockchainu. D\u00e1le vybav\u00edme za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed IoT SIM kartou pro p\u0159enos \u00fadaj\u016f, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed mobiln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 oper\u00e1tora, nebo l\u00e9pe eSIM, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat libovoln\u00e9 mobiln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Mobiln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 bude samoz\u0159ejm\u011b 5G, proto\u017ee spr\u00e1va za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed IoT je jednou z hlavn\u00edch aplikac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b 5G. GPS \/ GLONASS moduly a\u0165 sleduj\u00ed polohu. Pro pln\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed chytr\u00fdch kontrakt\u016f je nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt informace z extern\u00edch zdroj\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed kurzy akci\u00ed nebo m\u011bn. K tomu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed takzvan\u00ed blockchainov\u00ed oracle. Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fd dotek \u2013 modul um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence pro anal\u00fdzu dat. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.oceanprotocol.com\/blockchains-for-artificial-intelligence-ec63b0284984\">V\u00fdzkumy \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee algoritmy AI (Artificial Intelligence) budou efektivn\u011b pracovat s daty z blockchainu, proto\u017ee jsou \u00fapln\u00e1, nekonfliktn\u00ed a jednozna\u010dn\u011b se\u0159azena podle \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>Tak jsme dostali obecn\u00fd sch\u00e9ma blockchainov\u00fdch projekt\u016f. Te\u010f k n\u011bmu m\u016f\u017eeme napsat libovoln\u00fd n\u00e1zev a p\u0159etvo\u0159it sch\u00e9ma vhodn\u00e9 pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201eSledov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159epravy cisternov\u00fdch vozidel pro ropn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl\u201c nebo \u201eV\u00fdroba sou\u010d\u00e1stek pro automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl\u201c nebo \u201eDovoz farm\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho masa do maloobchod\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n<h2>Blockchain + IoT + 5G + GPS + AI<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Blockchain: co stoj\u00ed za to vytvo\u0159it p\u0159\u00edpad?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/af29e1cad5a1e06b3e5b85f082a79117.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u0159ejd\u011bme k konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm.<\/p>\n<h2>Anal\u00fdza p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<\/h2>\n<p>\nPoj\u010fme vybrat p\u0159\u00edklady pro uveden\u00e9 pr\u016fmysly a zamyslet se, na jak\u00fdch blockchainech je lze realizovat. Ukazuje se, \u017ee nic hledat nemus\u00edme, proto\u017ee existuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sdlt.io\/cases\">Knihovna p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f blockchainu<\/a><\/noindex>\u201e s p\u0159\u00edklady a odkazy. Obsahuje p\u0159\u00edklady vyu\u017eit\u00ed blockhainu v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch pr\u016fmyslech:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/li>\n<li>ve\u0159ejn\u00fd sektor<\/li>\n<li>t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed sektor<\/li>\n<li>zdravotnictv\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>kultura a um\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>nemovitosti<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdroba<\/li>\n<li>maloobchod<\/li>\n<li>zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>telekomunikace<\/li>\n<li>doprava<\/li>\n<li>finan\u010dn\u00ed sektor<\/li>\n<li>energetick\u00fd sektor<\/li>\n<li>spr\u00e1va autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1v\u011bry z anal\u00fdzy sady p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, blockchain se dob\u0159e uplat\u0148uje ve fintechu, proto\u017ee transakce a p\u0159evod vlastnictv\u00ed hodnot jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem finan\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. <\/li>\n<li>Blockchain se logicky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kde existuj\u00ed \u201edodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce\u201c, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i p\u0159eprav\u011b kontejner\u016f. Kontejner je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za hodnotu, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 z jedn\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti druh\u00e9. Nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce potravin od farmy po maloobchody. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jist\u00fd, \u017ee produkt byl vyroben konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm v\u00fdrobcem za konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch podm\u00ednek. V sou\u010dasnosti lze na t\u011bchto etiket\u00e1ch podobnou informaci pouze v\u011b\u0159it na slovo.<\/li>\n<li>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad s identifikac\u00ed osob IAM (Identity and Access Management) a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. S p\u0159\u00edchodem blockchainu se objevil zp\u016fsob \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fd na uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f v decentralizovan\u00e9m registru, a pomoc\u00ed protokolu Zero Knowledge Proof m\u016f\u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk s\u00e1m rozhodnout, jak\u00e9 \u00fadaje komu poskytne. Nap\u0159\u00edklad klasick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad \u2014 potvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee ob\u010dan dos\u00e1hl v\u011bku 18 let. V sou\u010dasnosti se k tomu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pas nebo \u0159idi\u010dsk\u00fd pr\u016fkaz, kde jsou uvedeny \u00fadaje, kter\u00e9 nesouvis\u00ed s ov\u011b\u0159en\u00edm, jako je m\u00edsto trval\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b. Pou\u017eit\u00edm blockchainu bude mo\u017en\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bku je 18, ani\u017e by se odhalily dal\u0161\u00ed informace.<\/li>\n<li>Ve stejn\u00e9 rovin\u011b le\u017e\u00ed i p\u0159\u00edpad se z\u00e1pisem zdravotn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f pacient\u016f do blockchainu, aby je bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1vat mezi institucemi, ani\u017e by byla naru\u0161ena d\u016fv\u011brnost. A to je spole\u010dn\u00fd rys mnoha p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kde na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je pot\u0159eba identifikace lid\u00ed a mo\u017enost bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9ho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed, a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je nezbytn\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit (\u0161ifrovat) osobn\u00ed a soukrom\u00e9 \u00fadaje. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Blockchain a st\u00e1t<\/h3>\n<p>\nV mnoha zem\u00edch existuj\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed programy rozvoje blockchainu. V\u010detn\u011b Ruska. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/data-economy.ru\">program digit\u00e1ln\u00ed transformace st\u00e1tu<\/a><\/noindex>, ve kter\u00e9m je blockchain (decentralizovan\u00fd registr) pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jednu z oblast\u00ed rozvoje. Pro st\u00e1t je aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozvoj blockchainu v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch oblastech: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed registr\u016f majetkov\u00fdch transakc\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad s nemovitostmi;<\/li>\n<li>Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed registr\u016f pro z\u00e1pis pr\u00e1vn\u00edch akt\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro registraci narozen\u00ed, man\u017eelstv\u00ed a rozvod\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>Z\u00e1pis v\u00fdsledk\u016f voleb a hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed do blockchainu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Blockchain a telekomunikace<\/h3>\n<p>\nP\u0159\u00edpady realizovan\u00e9 v telekomunika\u010dn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu budou m\u00edt vliv na v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tmforum.org\/catalysts\/blockchain-unleashed\">Podle n\u00e1zoru TM Forum<\/a><\/noindex> je pro poskytovatele slu\u017eeb nejaktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed blockchainu k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poskytovatel\u00e9 mohou eliminovat zprost\u0159edkovatele (clearingov\u00e9 centra) p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed roamingu a prov\u00e1d\u011bt platby p\u0159\u00edmo mezi sebou. <\/li>\n<li>Identifikace osob a IoT za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Automatick\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed podm\u00ednek slu\u017eby (SLA) na z\u00e1klad\u011b chytr\u00e9ho kontraktu a vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed kompenzac\u00ed. <\/li>\n<li>Veden\u00ed decentralizovan\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze ukraden\u00fdch telefon\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Veden\u00ed distribuovan\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze pro MNP (Mobile Number Portability) a zbaven\u00ed se zprost\u0159edkovatele v podob\u011b centralizovan\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Anal\u00fdza blockchain\u016f<\/h2>\n<p>\nZa \u00fa\u010delem systematizace jsem se sna\u017eil naj\u00edt klasifikaci blockchain\u016f podle generac\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 obecn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 neexistuje, ale v\u0161ichni se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee prvn\u00ed generace je Bitcoin, druh\u00e1 Ethereum, a d\u00e1l u\u017e to z\u00e1vis\u00ed na osobn\u00edch preferenc\u00edch. Zd\u00e1 se mi logick\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed klasifikace: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prvn\u00ed generace (Bitcoin): podporuje pouze funk\u010dnost p\u0159evodu kryptom\u011bny z jednoho \u00fa\u010dtu na druh\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li>Ve druh\u00e9 generaci byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny smart kontrakty (Ethereum) a multi-m\u011bnovost (BitShares).<\/li>\n<li>T\u0159et\u00ed generace umo\u017e\u0148uje operovat nejen s kryptom\u011bnou, ale i s jak\u00fdmikoli digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi aktivy (assets), realizovat libovolnou obchodn\u00ed logiku, flexibiln\u011b nastavovat algoritmus konsensu. P\u0159\u00edkladem univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho blockchainu je Hyperledger Fabric. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPoj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na z\u00e1stupce v\u0161ech generac\u00ed z pohledu charakteristik, kter\u00e9 pomohou pochopit, jak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady lze realizovat na tom \u010di onom blockchainu:<\/p>\n<p>Bitcoin<br \/>\nEthereum<br \/>\nBitshares<br \/>\nHyperledger Fabric<br \/>\nExonum<\/p>\n<p>Generace blockchainu<br \/>\n1<br \/>\n2<br \/>\n2<br \/>\n3<br \/>\n3<\/p>\n<p>Web<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bitcoin.org\/en\/\">bitcoin.org\/en<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/\">ethereum.org<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bitshares.org\/\">bitshares.org<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hyperledger.org\/projects\/fabric\">www.hyperledger.org<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/exonum.com\">exonum.com<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdkon v TPS<br \/>\n7<br \/>\n20-30<br \/>\n10,000<br \/>\n1000<br \/>\n10,000<\/p>\n<p>Lze vytvo\u0159it soukrom\u00fd blockchain<br \/>\nne<br \/>\nne<br \/>\nano<br \/>\nano<br \/>\nano<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010det uzl\u016f v s\u00edti<br \/>\nV\u00edce ne\u017e 10 000<br \/>\nV\u00edce ne\u017e 10 000<br \/>\nEfektivn\u011b 20 \u2013 30 uzl\u016f<br \/>\nEfektivitu ur\u010duje syst\u00e9m Apache Kafka<br \/>\nEfektivitu ur\u010duje konsensus BFT: 10-20 uzl\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd poplatek za transakce<br \/>\n0.5$<br \/>\n0.1$<br \/>\nm\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e v Ethereum<br \/>\nne<br \/>\nne<\/p>\n<p>Podporovan\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my pro uzly<br \/>\nWindows, Linux, MacOS<br \/>\nWindows, Linux, MacOS, Raspberry Pi<br \/>\nUbuntu, Windows<br \/>\nWindows, Linux, MacOS<br \/>\nLinux, MacOS<\/p>\n<p>Nasazen\u00ed uzl\u016f<br \/>\nManu\u00e1ln\u011b<br \/>\nRu\u010dn\u011b, Docker<br \/>\nManu\u00e1ln\u011b<br \/>\nDocker, docker-compose<br \/>\nRu\u010dn\u011b, Docker<\/p>\n<p>Konsensus<br \/>\nPoW<br \/>\nPow<br \/>\nDPoS<br \/>\nSyst\u00e9m hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se Apache Kafka<br \/>\nBFT<\/p>\n<p>Chytr\u00e1 smlouva<br \/>\nNen\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed<br \/>\nProgramovac\u00ed jazyk Solidity<br \/>\nP\u0159edinstalovan\u00e9 a jejich po\u010det je omezen. Mo\u017eno dopl\u0148ovat v C++.<br \/>\nProgramovac\u00ed jazyky Go, JS<br \/>\nRust<\/p>\n<p>Programovac\u00ed jazyk, ve kter\u00e9m je naps\u00e1n blockchain<br \/>\nC++<br \/>\nC++<br \/>\nC++<br \/>\nGo<br \/>\nRust<\/p>\n<p>DB pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat blockchainu<br \/>\nLevelDB<br \/>\nLevelDB<br \/>\nLevelDB<br \/>\ngoleveldb \u2014 LevelDB v Go<br \/>\nRocksDB<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj a podpora<br \/>\nSatoshi Nakamoto &amp; Co<br \/>\nVitalik Buterin &amp; Co<br \/>\nDan Larimer &amp; Co<br \/>\nThe Linux Foundation, IBM, Oracle<br \/>\nBitfury Group<\/p>\n<p>Omezen\u00ed p\u0159i realizaci p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<br \/>\nV\u00fdkon a p\u0159\u00edtomnost poplatk\u016f.<br \/>\nV\u00fdkon a p\u0159\u00edtomnost poplatk\u016f. Vhodn\u00e9 pro piloty a PoC.<br \/>\nP\u0159\u00edtomnost poplatk\u016f a omezen\u00fd po\u010det realizovan\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f pou\u017eit\u00ed.<br \/>\nHyperledger Fabric \u2014 nic neomezuje, pokud ne\u010dek\u00e1te vysok\u00e9 parametry v\u00fdkonnosti.<br \/>\nExonum omezuje konsensus BFT a vysok\u00fd vstupn\u00ed pr\u00e1h, proto\u017ee pro realizaci chytr\u00fdch kontrakt\u016f je t\u0159eba je integrovat do zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>\nV sou\u010dasnosti je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00e9koli nov\u00e9 technologie \u010dasto vyd\u00e1v\u00e1no za \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu. Proto je nejprve nutn\u00e9 ujistit se, \u017ee v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je pot\u0159eba pr\u00e1v\u011b blockchain. K tomu je t\u0159eba odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zky, zda je cel\u00e1 uveden\u00e1 funkcionalita pot\u0159ebn\u00e1?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kryptografie<\/li>\n<li>Nem\u011bnnost a \u00faplnost historick\u00fdch dat<\/li>\n<li>Distribuce <\/li>\n<li>Decentralizace <\/li>\n<li>Tokenizace <\/li>\n<li>Chytr\u00e9 kontrakty <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPokud nejsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 v\u0161echny uveden\u00e9 vlastnosti, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aplikace technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se od blockchainu li\u0161\u00ed. Pokud se p\u0159ece jen rozhodnete pou\u017e\u00edt blockchain, je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti jeho specifika, kter\u00e1 vzhledem k jeho povaze nelze zm\u011bnit: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R\u016fzn\u00e9 blockchains maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 vlastnosti a omezen\u00ed, tak\u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na p\u0159\u00edpadu pou\u017eit\u00ed je t\u0159eba vybrat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed blockchain.<\/li>\n<li>V z\u00e1vislosti na konsensu se v\u00fdkonnost blockchainu li\u0161\u00ed o \u0159\u00e1dy. A pokud je vybr\u00e1n konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed blockchain, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ho nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 \"optimalizovat\". <\/li>\n<li>Line\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd po\u017eadavek pro informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Blockchain v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee \u0161k\u00e1lovat h\u016f\u0159e ne\u017e line\u00e1rn\u011b. <\/li>\n<li>Data, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ulo\u017eena, mohou m\u00edt strukturu, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnost pou\u017eit\u00ed blockchainu. <\/li>\n<li>V priv\u00e1tn\u00edch blockchainech je t\u0159eba zaji\u0161\u0165ovat bezpe\u010dnost alespo\u0148 na \u00farovni pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch podnikov\u00fdch IT syst\u00e9m\u016f. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVzhledem k t\u011bmto omezen\u00edm se v sou\u010dasnosti blockchain p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je t\u0159eba zbavit se prost\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f nebo zajistit ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed autenticity a nem\u011bnnosti dat mezi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou pod jednou kontrolou. <\/p>\n<p>V dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti bl\u00ed\u017ee prozkoum\u00e1me blockchain v cloudu a pod\u00edv\u00e1me se, jak to v\u0161e funguje. <\/p>\n<p><b>To je teprve za\u010d\u00e1tek! <\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449986\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439. 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