{"id":34761,"date":"2019-10-31T22:00:15","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vdi-deshevo-i-serdito\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:00:15","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:15","slug":"vdi-deshevo-i-serdito","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vdi-deshevo-i-serdito","title":{"rendered":"VDI: Levn\u011b a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"VDI:
\n
\nDobr\u00fd den, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed Habr\u00e1ci, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 a zn\u00e1m\u00ed. Jako \u00favod bych cht\u011bl vypr\u00e1v\u011bt o realizaci jednoho zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho projektu, nebo jak se nyn\u00ed trendy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, jednoho zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edho se nasazen\u00ed VDI infrastruktury. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee o VDI je hodn\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, jsou tu jak step-by-step n\u00e1vody, tak i srovn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch konkurent\u016f, a op\u011bt step-by-step n\u00e1vody, a znovu srovn\u00e1n\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee co nov\u00e9ho bych mohl nab\u00eddnout? <\/p>\n

A nov\u00e9ho, co chyb\u00ed mnoha \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm, je popis ekonomick\u00e9ho efektu z implementace, v\u00fdpo\u010dtu n\u00e1klad\u016f na vlastnictv\u00ed vybran\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a co je je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 porovn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na vlastnictv\u00ed s podobn\u00fdmi \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z n\u00e1zvu \u010dl\u00e1nku je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slovo levn\u011b<\/b>: co to znamen\u00e1? U jednoho m\u00e9ho kolegy, zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho a p\u0159\u00edtele na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku byla \u00faloha realizovat VDI s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010dtem \"oken\", tedy konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zdarma hypervizor, pracovn\u00ed stanice Linux, zdarma datab\u00e1ze a dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby minimalizace n\u00e1klad\u016f s na\u0161\u00edm \"milovan\u00fdm\" Microsoftem.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n A pro\u010d s \"minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi okny\"? Tady se odch\u00fdl\u00edm od dal\u0161\u00edho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed a pop\u00ed\u0161u, pro\u010d m\u011b zaujala pr\u00e1v\u011b tato t\u00e9ma. M\u016fj zn\u00e1m\u00fd, kter\u00e9mu jsem pom\u00e1hal p\u0159i realizaci projektu, pracuje ve st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti s v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 zam\u011bstnanci, ne v\u0161echna software jsou leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale postupy pro jejich optimalizaci se vyv\u00edjely, v\u011bt\u0161ina Front-end informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f byla p\u0159izp\u016fsobena pro WEB, bylo dobr\u00e9 klima, dokud jednoho kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho dne nep\u0159i\u0161el inkasn\u00ed agent, \"osobn\u00ed mana\u017eer\" Microsoftu p\u0159id\u011blen\u00fd k firm\u011b a neza\u010dal, ne, nenab\u00edzet, neprosit, ale po\u017eadovat okam\u017eit\u00e9, vynucen\u00e9 legalizov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010dinil mnoh\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry o pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a tiskov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee ve firm\u011b s t\u00edm nemaj\u00ed probl\u00e9m, ale tato vlezlost a vt\u00edravost hrani\u010d\u00edc\u00ed s hrozbami podn\u00edtily k d\u00e1vn\u00fdm pl\u00e1n\u016fm na importn\u00ed substituci a minimalizaci pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed produkt\u016f MS a co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159echodu na Open Source. \u010clov\u011bk zven\u010d\u00ed nemus\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 uv\u011b\u0159it popisovan\u00e9 situaci s p\u0159edstavitelem softwarov\u00e9ho giganta, ale v jistou dobu se podobn\u00e1 situace opakovala 1:1 s uveden\u00fdm tlakem ze strany zam\u011bstnance Microsoftu p\u0159\u00edmo se mnou. <\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu, je to dal\u0161\u00ed podn\u011bt k revizi strategie rozvoje IT odd\u011blen\u00ed s c\u00edlem diverzifikovat vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed placen\u00fdch softwarov\u00fdch produkt\u016f. Op\u011bt, trend pronik\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed OpenSource do byznysu nab\u00edr\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011bry, o t\u00e9to problematice bylo diskutov\u00e1no na konferenci IT-OS\u011a 0219 a sn\u00edmek n\u00ed\u017ee to pln\u011b potvrzuje.<\/p>\n

\"VDI:
\n Tak\u017ee, v uva\u017eovan\u00e9 organizaci byla stanovena c\u00edle: urychlit dokon\u010den\u00ed licencov\u00e1n\u00ed produkt\u016f MS, zat\u00edmco maxim\u00e1ln\u011b implementovat a vyu\u017e\u00edvat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed OpenSource. Pro p\u0159\u00edstup u\u017eivatel\u016f bylo rozhodnuto p\u0159ej\u00edt z \"termin\u00e1l\u016f\" a Windows VDI \u00fapln\u011b na Linux VDI. Volba Citrix VDI byla d\u00e1na mal\u00fdm po\u010dtem administr\u00e1tor\u016f, velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm pobo\u010dek a jednoduchost\u00ed nasazen\u00ed a \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed v ji\u017e zakoupen\u00e9m produktu.<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dl\u00e1nku se chci zam\u011b\u0159it na v\u00fdpo\u010det TCO vlastnictv\u00ed infrastruktury Linux VDI a v\u00fdb\u011br \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops, b\u011b\u017en\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako XenDesktop, a star\u00e9ho dobr\u00e9ho XenServeru, i kdy\u017e nyn\u00ed se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Citrix Hypervisor (ach ten rebranding, jedn\u00edm zaveden\u00edm zm\u011bnit n\u00e1zev t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00e9 produktov\u00e9 \u0159ady) a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b Linuxov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch ploch. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v\u0161ichni v\u00ed, \u017ee synergie VDI\/APP je kombinac\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Vmware jako hypervisoru, Citrix jako \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed a Microsoft jako hostitelsk\u00e9 OS. Ale co d\u011blat, kdy\u017e pot\u0159ebujete stejnou technologii, ale s minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi n\u00e1klady? No, poj\u010fme si to spo\u010d\u00edtat:<\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku se zm\u00edn\u00edm o dispozici DO, a pot\u00e9 co \"stalo\" p\u0159ej\u00edt na novou platformu.
\nPro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed a celistvost obrazu poj\u010fme zv\u00e1\u017eit pouze softwarovou \u010d\u00e1st, proto\u017ee hardware ji\u017e byl k dispozici a plnil sv\u016fj \u00fakol. <\/p>\n

A tak, na za\u010d\u00e1tku bylo\u2026 b\u00e1je\u010dn\u00e1 SNA EMC, Blade ko\u0161 HP c7000 a 7 G8 servery<\/a> v roli virtualizace VDI. Na serverech byl nainstalov\u00e1n Windows Server 2012R2 s rol\u00ed Hyper-V a pou\u017e\u00edval se SCVMM. Byla nasazena zakoupen\u00e1 platforma VDI zalo\u017een\u00e1 na XenDesktop 7.18, byly nasazeny n\u011bkolika termin\u00e1lov\u00e9 farmy. Vzhledem k dispozici a pot\u0159eb\u011b licencov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed softwaru porovnejme n\u00e1klady na nasazen\u00ed Linux VDI a kompletn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na Microsoftu 'na kl\u00ed\u010d'. Rozhodli jsme se prov\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159eklad postupn\u011b, v prvn\u00edm kroku se zab\u00fdvala pobo\u010dkami spole\u010dnosti, druh\u00fdm krokem bylo p\u0159ev\u00e9st zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta do GO.<\/p>\n

\"VDI:
\n
\nNa termin\u00e1lov\u00e9 farm\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pracovaly 1C, na VDI pracovn\u00edch stolech pracovaly standardn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 bal\u00edky, e-maily, soubory, internet (jejich hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed bylo pouze \u010dten\u00ed a tisk). <\/p>\n

Vzhledem k p\u0159ehledu po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho softwaru si spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vlastnictv\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed od Microsoftu. <\/p>\n

Windows Server:<\/b><\/p>\n

Podle po\u017eadavk\u016f na licencov\u00e1n\u00ed Microsoftu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt licencov\u00e1na v\u0161echna fyzick\u00e1 j\u00e1dra v serveru<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  2. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek 2j\u00e1drov\u00fdch licenc\u00ed na server \u2014 8 ks (nebo jedna 16j\u00e1drov\u00e1 licence).<\/li>\n
  3. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek 2j\u00e1drov\u00fdch licenc\u00ed na procesor \u2014 4 ks (toto pravidlo se uplatn\u00ed, pokud je po\u010det procesor\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dva).<\/li>\n
  4. Bal\u00ed\u010dek licenc\u00ed Standard poskytuje pr\u00e1vo na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho fyzick\u00e9ho a dvou virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch instance Windows Server na jednom serveru.<\/li>\n
  5. Bal\u00ed\u010dek licenc\u00ed Datacenter poskytuje pr\u00e1vo na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho fyzick\u00e9ho a libovoln\u00e9ho po\u010dtu virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch instanc\u00ed Windows Server na jednom serveru.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nZ toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee pokud je na serveru pot\u0159eba nainstalovat v\u00edce ne\u017e 13 virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch instanc\u00ed Windows Server a Windows pracovn\u00edch stanic, ekonomicky smyslupln\u00e9 je zakoupit edici Datacenter, kterou budeme zva\u017eovat. <\/p>\n

    Windows 10 VDI:<\/b><\/p>\n

    Podle licen\u010dn\u00ed politiky Microsoftu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edstup k virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm desktop\u016fm s klientsk\u00fdm OS realizov\u00e1n z za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 platnou p\u0159edplatn\u00e9 Microsoft VDA (Virtual Desktop Access), s v\u00fdjimkou PC pokryt\u00fdch Software Assurance. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je fakticky nutn\u00e9 zakoupit a ka\u017ed\u00fd rok obnovit p\u0159edplatn\u00e9 na 300 DVA licenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    \u201eKupuj\u00ed VDI software od VMware \/ Citrix \/ jin\u00e9ho dodavatele.\"<\/p>\n

    Pot\u0159ebuji st\u00e1le Windows VDA? Ano. Pokud p\u0159istupujete k opera\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu Windows jako hostitelsk\u00e9mu opera\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu v datacentru z jak\u00e9hokoli za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mimo SA (v\u010detn\u011b tenk\u00fdch klient\u016f, iPad\u016f atd.), Windows VDA je vhodn\u00fdm licen\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem bez ohledu na dodavatele VDI softwaru, kter\u00e9ho si zvol\u00edte. Jedinou situac\u00ed, kdy Windows VDA nepot\u0159ebujete, je, pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te PC pokryt\u00e9 Software Assurance jako p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, proto\u017ee pr\u00e1va na p\u0159\u00edstup k virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm desktop\u016fm jsou zahrnuta jako v\u00fdhoda SA.<\/p>\n

    SCVMM:<\/b><\/p>\n

    Syst\u00e9m pro spr\u00e1vu virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastruktury System Center Virtual Machine Manager je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Microsoft System Center a jako samostatn\u00fd produkt nen\u00ed dod\u00e1v\u00e1n. O takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu se ned\u00e1 diskutovat, co m\u00e1me, to m\u00e1me. <\/p>\n

    Vzhledem k licen\u010dn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u201eJe t\u0159eba licencovat v\u0161echny fyzick\u00e9 j\u00e1dra na serveru.<\/li>\n
    2. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek 2j\u00e1drov\u00fdch licenc\u00ed na server \u2014 8 ks (nebo jedna 16j\u00e1drov\u00e1 licence).<\/li>\n
    3. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek 2j\u00e1drov\u00fdch licenc\u00ed na procesor \u2014 4 ks (toto pravidlo se uplatn\u00ed, pokud je po\u010det procesor\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dva).<\/li>\n
    4. Licen\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek Standard poskytuje pr\u00e1vo spravovat jeden fyzick\u00fd a dva virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my na jednom serveru.<\/li>\n
    5. Licen\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek Datacenter poskytuje pr\u00e1vo spravovat jeden fyzick\u00fd a libovoln\u00fd po\u010det virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f na jednom serveru.\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\"VDI:
      \n
      \n Uveden\u00e9 ceny jsou doporu\u010den\u00e9, ur\u010dit\u011b p\u0159i takov\u00e9m objemu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sleva, ale na rozd\u00edl od GLP cen Cisco nebo Lenovo, na zapome\u0148te na slevy 50 nebo 70%. Zku\u0161enosti s MS ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt v\u00edc ne\u017e 5%. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1klady na vlastnictv\u00ed za prvn\u00ed rok p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed 5 milion\u016f korun, za 3 roky se n\u00e1klady na vlastnictv\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k ~ 9 milion\u016fm. To nen\u00ed zanedbateln\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka a pro st\u0159edn\u011b velkou firmu je to obrovsk\u00e9. Z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska se tedy rozhodnut\u00ed u\u017e nezd\u00e1 b\u00fdt tak snadn\u00e9. <\/p>\n

      P\u0159esko\u010d\u00edm dop\u0159edu a \u0159eknu, \u017ee po kalkulaci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto projektu veden\u00ed p\u0159ijalo pozitivn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159i jeho schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

      V\u00fdsledek:<\/h3>\n

      \n Nakonec byl software spojen takto: Citrix Hypervisor, hostitelsk\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my Linux, ve\u0161kerou spr\u00e1vu zaji\u0161\u0165uje Citrix Virtual Desktops. \u00daspora 3 miliony korun ro\u010dn\u011b je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1. Bylo snadn\u00e9 tento projekt realizovat? Ne! Je to z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed? Ne! Ale ur\u010dit\u011b stoj\u00ed za detailn\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed mo\u017enosti implementace na z\u00e1klad\u011b Citrix VDI s Linuxov\u00fdmi hostitelsk\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee existuj\u00ed i nev\u00fdhody a nejsou mal\u00e9, o nich podrobn\u011bji pov\u00edm ve druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e1 bude kompletn\u00ed krok-za-krokem popis tohoto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Na z\u00e1v\u011br chci \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee si ne\u010din\u00edm n\u00e1rok na z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, ale p\u0159\u00edpad s\u00e1m o sob\u011b byl velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00fd. <\/p>\n

      D\u011bkuji za pozornost, brzy na shledanou)<\/i>
      \n
      Zdroj:       habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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