{"id":34775,"date":"2019-10-31T22:00:18","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eksperiment-kak-zamaskirovat-ispolzovanie-tor-dlya-obhoda-blokirovok\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:00:18","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:18","slug":"eksperiment-kak-zamaskirovat-ispolzovanie-tor-dlya-obhoda-blokirovok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eksperiment-kak-zamaskirovat-ispolzovanie-tor-dlya-obhoda-blokirovok","title":{"rendered":"Experiment: Jak zamaskovat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tor pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed blokac\u00ed","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/454002\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Experiment: Jak zamaskovat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tor pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed blokac\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/35921a936c3b9237cb346e52899dfdc8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Cenzura na internetu se st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. To vede k intenzivn\u00ed \"z\u00e1vod\u011bn\u00ed ve zbrojen\u00ed\" \u2013 st\u00e1tn\u00ed org\u00e1ny a soukrom\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch usiluj\u00ed o blokaci r\u016fzn\u00fdch obsah\u016f a bojuj\u00ed proti prost\u0159edk\u016fm obch\u00e1zen\u00ed takov\u00fdchto omezen\u00ed, zat\u00edmco v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i a v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se sna\u017e\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje proti cenzu\u0159e. <\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci z univerzit Carnegie Mellon, Stanfordsk\u00e9 univerzity a SRI International provedli <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frankwang.org\/files\/papers\/ccs2012.pdf\">experiment<\/a><\/noindex>, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho vyvinuli speci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017ebu pro maskov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tor \u2013 jednoho z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed blokac\u00ed. P\u0159edstavujeme v\u00e1m zpr\u00e1vu o vykonan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Tor proti blokac\u00edm<\/h2>\n<p>\nTor zaji\u0161\u0165uje anonymitu u\u017eivatel\u016f pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch relay\u016f \u2013 tedy prost\u0159edn\u00edch server\u016f mezi u\u017eivateli a po\u017eadovanou str\u00e1nkou. Obvykle se mezi u\u017eivateli a str\u00e1nkou nach\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolik relay\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee de\u0161ifrovat pouze mal\u00fd objem dat v p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9m bal\u00ed\u010dku \u2013 dostate\u010dn\u00fd na to, aby se dozv\u011bd\u011bl dal\u0161\u00ed bod v \u0159et\u011bzci a poslal ho tam. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee i kdy\u017e se do \u0159et\u011bzce p\u0159idaj\u00ed relaye ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 zlo\u010dinci nebo cenzory, nepoda\u0159\u00ed se jim zjistit ani adres\u00e1ta, ani c\u00edlovou destinaci provozu. <\/p>\n<p>Jako n\u00e1stroj proti cenzu\u0159e Tor funguje efektivn\u011b, av\u0161ak cenzor\u016fm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enost jej zcela zablokovat. \u00cdr\u00e1n a \u010c\u00edna uskute\u010dnily \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 kampan\u011b na blokaci. Byli schopni identifikovat Torov\u00fd provoz pomoc\u00ed skenov\u00e1n\u00ed TLS handshake a dal\u0161\u00edch charakteristick\u00fdch znak\u016f Toru. <\/p>\n<p>Pozd\u011bji se v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm poda\u0159ilo p\u0159izp\u016fsobit syst\u00e9m pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed blokac\u00ed. Cenzorov\u00e9 odpov\u011bd\u011bli blokov\u00e1n\u00edm HTTPS spojen\u00ed k mnoha web\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b Toru. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i projektu vytvo\u0159ili program obfsproxy, kter\u00fd dodate\u010dn\u011b \u0161ifruje provoz. Tato sout\u011b\u017e pokra\u010duje neust\u00e1le.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fadaje experimentu<\/h2>\n<p>\nV\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se rozhodli vyvinout n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd by umo\u017enil zamaskovat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tor, aby bylo jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 i v oblastech, kde je syst\u00e9m zcela zablokov\u00e1n. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady v\u011bdci navrhli n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/li>\n<li>Cenzor kontroluje izolovan\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed segment s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00fd je spojen s extern\u00edm nekontrolovan\u00fdm internetem.<\/li>\n<li>Org\u00e1ny zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se blokacemi kontroluj\u00ed celou s\u00ed\u0165ovou infrastrukturu uvnit\u0159 cenzurovan\u00e9ho segmentu s\u00edt\u011b, ale ne software na po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch koncov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f. <\/li>\n<li>Cenzor se sna\u017e\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit u\u017eivatel\u016fm v p\u0159\u00edstupu k materi\u00e1l\u016fm, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euje za ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echny tyto materi\u00e1ly jsou um\u00edst\u011bny na serverech mimo kontrolovan\u00fd segment s\u00edt\u011b. <\/li>\n<li>Routery na perimetru tohoto segmentu analyzuj\u00ed nezak\u00f3dovan\u00e1 data v\u0161ech paket\u016f, aby zablokovaly ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed obsah a zabr\u00e1nily pr\u016fniku odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch paket\u016f dovnit\u0159 perimetru.<\/li>\n<li>V\u0161echny Tor rel\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed mimo perimetr. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Jak to funguje<\/h2>\n<p>\nPro maskov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tor vyvinuli v\u011bdci n\u00e1stroj StegoTorus. Jeho hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je zlep\u0161it schopnosti Tor br\u00e1nit se automatizovan\u00e9 anal\u00fdze protokolu. N\u00e1stroj se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mezi klientem a prvn\u00edm rel\u00e9 v \u0159et\u011bzci, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed \u0161ifrovac\u00ed protokol a steganografick\u00e9 moduly, aby zt\u00ed\u017eil identifikaci Tor provozu.<\/p>\n<p>V prvn\u00edm kroku za\u010dne pracovat modul nazvan\u00fd chopper \u2013 ten transformuje provoz na \u0159adu blok\u016f r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky, kter\u00e9 se d\u00e1le pos\u00edlaj\u00ed mimo po\u0159ad\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Experiment: Jak zamaskovat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tor pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed blokac\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f229ce95f4ed0513d091a43d6d868850.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nData jsou \u0161ifrov\u00e1na pomoc\u00ed AES v re\u017eimu GCM. Hlavi\u010dka bloku obsahuje 32bitov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo sekvence, dv\u011b pole d\u00e9lky (d a p) \u2013 ta ozna\u010duj\u00ed objem dat, speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pole F a 56bitov\u00e9 kontroln\u00ed pole, jeho\u017e hodnota by m\u011bla b\u00fdt nulov\u00e1. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lka bloku je 32 byt\u016f a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed 217 + 32 byt\u016f. D\u00e9lka je \u0159\u00edzena steganografick\u00fdmi moduly. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i navazov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed je prvn\u00edch n\u011bkolik bajt\u016f informac\u00ed handshake zpr\u00e1va, s jej\u00ed\u017e pomoc\u00ed server rozpozn\u00e1, zda se jedn\u00e1 o ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed nebo nov\u00e9 spojen\u00ed. Pokud spojen\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e9 adrese, server reaguje pomoc\u00ed handshake a ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk v\u00fdm\u011bny z n\u011bj vy\u010dle\u0148uje kl\u00ed\u010de relace. Krom\u011b toho je v syst\u00e9mu implementov\u00e1n mechanismus rek\u00fdrov\u00e1n\u00ed (rekeying) \u2013 ten je podobn\u00fd jako vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de relace, ale m\u00edsto handshake zpr\u00e1v se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed bloky. Tento mechanismus m\u011bn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo sekvence, ale nem\u011bn\u00ed ID adresy. <\/p>\n<p>Pot\u00e9, co oba \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci v\u00fdm\u011bny dat ode\u0161lou a obdr\u017e\u00ed blok fin, je spojen\u00ed uzav\u0159eno. Aby se ochr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed replay \u00fatoky nebo zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm dod\u00e1vky blok\u016f, oba \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci mus\u00ed pamatovat ID po ur\u010ditou dobu po uzav\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Vestav\u011bn\u00fd modul steganografie skr\u00fdv\u00e1 Tor provoz uvnit\u0159 p2p protokolu \u2013 analogicky jako p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci Skype b\u011bhem zabezpe\u010den\u00fdch VoIP komunikac\u00ed. Modul HTTP steganografie simuluje nezabezpe\u010den\u00fd HTTP provoz. Syst\u00e9m se mimikruje jako re\u00e1ln\u00fd u\u017eivatel s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010dem. <\/p>\n<h2>Odolnost v\u016f\u010di \u00fatok\u016fm<\/h2>\n<p>\nAby ov\u011b\u0159ili, jak navrhovan\u00e1 metoda zvy\u0161uje efektivitu provozu Tor, v\u011bdci vyvinuli dva typy \u00fatok\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed z nich spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed Tor tok\u016f z TCP tok\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b fundament\u00e1ln\u00edch charakteristik protokolu Tor \u2013 tuto metodu pou\u017eila \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da k blokov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu. Druh\u00fd \u00fatok spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00fdch Tor tok\u016f za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o tom, jak\u00e9 str\u00e1nky u\u017eivatel nav\u0161t\u00edvil. <\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci potvrdili \u00fa\u010dinnost prvn\u00edho typu \u00fatoku proti \"vanilkov\u00e9mu Tor\" \u2013 k tomu shroma\u017e\u010fovali stopy n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch z top 10 Alexa.com dvacetkr\u00e1t prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho Tor, obfsproxy a StegoTorus s modulem HTTP steganografie. Jako referenci pro porovn\u00e1n\u00ed byl pou\u017eit dataset CAIDA s \u00fadaji o portu 80 \u2013 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b se jednalo o HTTP spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Experiment uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee vypo\u010d\u00edtat b\u011b\u017en\u00fd Tor je dost snadn\u00e9. Protokol Tor je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 specifick\u00fd a m\u00e1 \u0159adu charakteristik, kter\u00e9 je snadn\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edtat \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed TCP spojen\u00ed trvaj\u00ed 20-30 sekund. N\u00e1stroj Obfsproxy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nijak neskr\u00fdv\u00e1 tyto zjevn\u00e9 momenty. StegoTorus na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b generuje provoz, kter\u00fd je mnohem bl\u00ed\u017ee referen\u010dn\u00edmu CAIDA.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Experiment: Jak zamaskovat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tor pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed blokac\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/bc75182d731dc854d96d8041d3a2d494.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fatoku na v\u00fdpo\u010det nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00fdch web\u016f v\u011bdci porovn\u00e1vali pravd\u011bpodobnost takov\u00e9ho odhalen\u00ed dat u 'vanilkov\u00e9ho Toru' a jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed StegoTorus. Pro hodnocen\u00ed byla pou\u017eita \u0161k\u00e1la <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/fastml.com\/what-you-wanted-to-know-about-auc\/\">AUC<\/a><\/noindex> (Area Under Curve). Na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho Toru bez dodate\u010dn\u00e9 ochrany je pravd\u011bpodobnost odhalen\u00ed dat o nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00fdch webech zna\u010dn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Experiment: Jak zamaskovat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tor pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed blokac\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/74dc8cc047ef7a38d7ae6947e23e8aa9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>\nHistorie konfrontace vl\u00e1d zem\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch cenzuru na internetu a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f ob\u011bhov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt jen komplexn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy. Pou\u017eit\u00ed pouze jednoho n\u00e1stroje nem\u016f\u017ee zaru\u010dit p\u0159\u00edstup k pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm dat\u016fm ani to, \u017ee informace o obran\u011b proti cenzu\u0159e se nestanou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 cenzor\u016fm. <\/p>\n<p>Proto je p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli n\u00e1stroj\u016f na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed soukrom\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edstupu k obsahu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nezapom\u00ednat na to, \u017ee neexistuj\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, a pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, kombinovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody pro dosa\u017een\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed efektivity.<\/p>\n<h2>U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 odkazy a materi\u00e1ly od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/infatica.io\">Infatica<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/453168\/\">Studie: vytvo\u0159en\u00ed odoln\u00e9ho proti blokov\u00e1n\u00ed proxy serveru pomoc\u00ed teorie her<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/452438\/\">Historie boje proti cenzu\u0159e: jak funguje metoda flash proxy, kterou vytvo\u0159ili v\u011bdci z MIT a Stanfordu<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/451832\/\">Jak pochopit, kdy proxy l\u017eou: ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed fyzick\u00fdch lokalizac\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch proxy pomoc\u00ed algoritmu aktivn\u00ed geolokace<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/452334\/\">Jak se maskovat na internetu: porovn\u00e1n\u00ed serverov\u00fdch a rezidentn\u00edch proxy<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/454002\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u00ab\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\u00bb \u2013 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439. \u0423\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Carnegie Mellon, \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26200,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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