{"id":34870,"date":"2019-10-31T22:00:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sovetskie-mechty-o-budushhem\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:00:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:55","slug":"sovetskie-mechty-o-budushhem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/sovetskie-mechty-o-budushhem","title":{"rendered":"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 sny o budoucnosti","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nPamatujete si na okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed ko\u010di\u010dku, kter\u00e1 k\u00fdchala na za\u010d\u00e1tku sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho animovan\u00e9ho filmu? My si pamatujeme a na\u0161li jsme ji \u2014 spolu s hromadou jin\u00e9 animovan\u00e9 fantasy. V d\u011btstv\u00ed n\u00e1s to d\u011bsilo a zm\u00e1tlo, proto\u017ee to p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1, dosp\u011bl\u00e1 t\u00e9mata. Nastal \u010das znovu shl\u00e9dnout star\u00e9 anim\u00e1ky, abychom zjistili, o jak\u00e9 budoucnosti snili v t\u00e9 zemi.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Rok 1977: \u201ePolyg\u00f3n\u201c<\/h3>\n

\nAnim\u00e1tor Anatolij Petrov se pod\u00edlel na mnoha zn\u00e1m\u00fdch sov\u011btsk\u00fdch animovan\u00fdch filmech, od \u201eBremen\u0161t\u00ed hudebn\u00edci\u201c po \u201ePr\u00e1zdniny Bonif\u00e1ce\u201c. Jeho samostatn\u00e1 tvorba byla mnohem zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: kreslil realistickou trojrozm\u011brnou grafiku. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem Petrova stylu byl kr\u00e1tk\u00fd animovan\u00fd film \u201ePolyg\u00f3n\u201c podle protiv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu spisovatele Severa Gansovsk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nD\u011bj je jednoduch\u00fd: bezejmenn\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce vymyslel neohro\u017een\u00fd tank, kter\u00fd \u010dte my\u0161lenky protivn\u00edka. Ter\u00e9nn\u00ed zkou\u0161ky dokonale zbra\u0148e prob\u00edhaj\u00ed na tropick\u00e9m ostrov\u011b \u2014 co\u017e je z\u0159ejm\u011b odkaz na atoly Bikini a Eniwetok. Vojensk\u00e1 komise zahrnuje gener\u00e1la, pod jeho\u017e velen\u00edm zahynul syn hrdiny. Tank ni\u010d\u00ed voj\u00e1ky a pot\u00e9 i sv\u016fj pomst\u011bv\u0161\u00edho tv\u016frce.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nAby se vytvo\u0159il efekt objemu, postavy byly kresleny na dvou vrstv\u00e1ch celuloidu a jedna byla sn\u00edm\u00e1na neost\u0159e. V napjat\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch se rozmazan\u00fd obraz st\u00e1v\u00e1 ostr\u00fdm. Kamera se neust\u00e1le pohybuje, zastavuje se jen na chv\u00edli. Na pl\u00e1tn\u011b nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 krve, a jedin\u00fd hudebn\u00ed doprovod tvo\u0159\u00ed slavn\u00e1 p\u00edse\u0148 \u201eTanha Shodam\u201c od Ahmada Zahira. Toto v\u0161echno spole\u010dn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pocity \u00fazkosti, strachu a t\u00edsn\u011b \u2014 pocity t\u00e9 doby, kdy \u201eHodiny soudn\u00e9ho dne\u201c ukazovaly 9 minut p\u0159ed p\u016flnoc\u00ed. Mimochodem, v roce 2018 byla ru\u010di\u010dka posunuta na 23:58 \u2014 znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee se p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f splnila?<\/p>\n

Rok 1978: \u201eKontakt\u201c<\/h3>\n

\nV roce 1968 kanadsk\u00fd anim\u00e1tor George Dunning nato\u010dil slavnou \u201e\u017dlutou ponorku\u201c. Do Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu se animovan\u00fd film dostal a\u017e v 80. letech na pir\u00e1tsk\u00fdch kazet\u00e1ch. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ji\u017e v roce 1978 re\u017eis\u00e9r a v\u00fdtvarn\u00edk Vladimir Tarasov nato\u010dil svou vlastn\u00ed jasnou muzik\u00e1ln\u00ed fantasmagorii. Kr\u00e1tkou, ale v hlavn\u00ed postav\u011b je rozhodn\u011b rozpoznateln\u00fd John Lennon. To je z\u00e1sluha v\u00fdtvarn\u00edka Nikolaje Ko\u0161kina, kter\u00fd \u201ecitoval\u201c z\u00e1padn\u00ed muzik\u00e1ln\u00ed animovan\u00fd film.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nSov\u011btsk\u00fd \u201eLennon\u201c \u2013 um\u011blec, kter\u00fd vyrazil na plen\u00e9r. Na p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b potk\u00e1v\u00e1 mimozem\u0161\u0165ana, tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9ho druhu um\u011blce. Beztvar\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed se prom\u011b\u0148uje v to, co uvid\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se \u010dlov\u011bk lekne, ale pak u\u010d\u00ed hosta, jak si zazp\u00edvat melodii \u201eSpeak Softly Love\u201c z \u201eKmotra\u201c. Na rozd\u00edl od sv\u00fdch vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch z \u201eAnnihilation\u201c se mimozem\u0161\u0165an sp\u0159\u00e1tel\u00ed s \u010dlov\u011bkem a odch\u00e1z\u00ed s n\u00edm do z\u00e1padu slunce.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nLifehack: vypn\u011bte p\u016fvodn\u00ed zvukovou stopu \u201eKontaktn\u00ed\u201c a zapn\u011bte Lucy in the sky with diamonds. V\u0161imnete si, \u017ee obrazov\u00e1 sekvence animovan\u00e9ho filmu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dokonale lad\u00ed s hudbou.<\/p>\n

1980: \u201eN\u00e1vrat\u201c<\/h3>\n

\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\n\u201eN\u00e1vrat\u201c \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed animovan\u00fd film Tarasova. Popisuje ka\u017edodenn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti v r\u00e1mci v\u011bdeckofantastick\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1nru: kosmick\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed lo\u010f \u201eValdaj T-614\u201c se dostala do meteorick\u00e9ho proudu a utrp\u011bla po\u0161kozen\u00ed, kv\u016fli kter\u00fdm ji lze p\u0159ist\u00e1t na Zemi pouze manu\u00e1ln\u011b. Pilotovi rad\u00ed, aby se vyspal p\u0159ed p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edm. Zano\u0159\u00ed se do hlubok\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku, pokusy o jeho probuzen\u00ed selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Av\u0161ak, kdy\u017e kurs lodi proch\u00e1z\u00ed nad rodn\u00fdm domem v vesnici, kosmonaut to n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem c\u00edt\u00ed, probud\u00ed se a p\u0159istane.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nNen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda hrdinovo bezv\u011bdom\u00ed hrozilo katastrofou. Hudba (5. symfonie Gustava Mahlera) v\u00fdmluvn\u011b nazna\u010duje, \u017ee situace je znepokojiv\u00e1. Autory konzultoval kosmonaut Alexej Leonov, proto je ve filmu p\u0159esn\u011b odrazena technick\u00e1 str\u00e1nka let\u016f. Na druhou stranu realisti\u010dnost a v\u0161ednost je rozbita k\u0159i\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi odkazy na \u201eVet\u0159elce\u201c, kter\u00fd vy\u0161el pr\u00e1v\u011b rok p\u0159edt\u00edm. Kosmick\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed lo\u010f zevnit\u0159 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Gigerovu mimozemskou lo\u010f, a pilot s\u00e1m vypad\u00e1 m\u00e1lo jako \u010dlov\u011bk. Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd animovan\u00fd film d\u011bs\u00ed stejn\u011b jako klasick\u00e1 sc\u00e9na s obli\u010dejov\u00fdm ch\u00e1padlem.<\/p>\n

1981: \u201eKosmi\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161erov\u00e9\u201c<\/h3>\n

\nSlavn\u00ed auto\u0159i sci-fi brat\u0159i Struga\u010dt\u00ed napsali n\u011bkolik sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f pro animovan\u00e9 filmy, ale sov\u011btsk\u00e1 cenzura je v\u0161echny \u201eshodila\u201c. V\u0161echny krom\u011b jednoho, kter\u00fd napsal Arkadij Struga\u010dk\u00fd spole\u010dn\u011b se sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtelem, spisovatelem a p\u0159ekladatelem Mari\u00e1nem Tkachevem. Byl to sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 prvn\u00ed s\u00e9rie \u201eKosmick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u0161er\u201c.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nP\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je slibn\u00fd: Na Zemi p\u0159ist\u00e1v\u00e1 lo\u010f mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vys\u00edlaj\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 robotick\u00e9 sondy. Skupina v\u011bdc\u016f se sna\u017e\u00ed zjistit, co tito kosmi\u010dt\u00ed host\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed. Nakonec se uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee se cht\u011bj\u00ed pod\u011blit o technologie. Objednali si \"P\u0159\u00edchod\"?<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nKreslen\u00fd avantgardn\u011b-konstrukcionistick\u00fdm stylem, tento animovan\u00fd film trv\u00e1 n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es patn\u00e1ct minut. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee je to mnohem d\u00e9le, proto\u017ee tempo ud\u00e1lost\u00ed na obrazovce je nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 a pomal\u00e9. Lethargick\u00fd klid, s jak\u00fdm herci namlouvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9 fr\u00e1ze, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje tuto charakteristickou vlastnost \"P\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch\".<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\n\"Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed\" filozofick\u00e9 bajky byly jedn\u00edm z obl\u00edben\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1nr\u016f sov\u011btsk\u00fdch anim\u00e1tor\u016f. P\u0159esto \"P\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed\" p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed hranici mezi \"to je hlubok\u00e9\" a \"to je nudn\u00e9\". Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee si to uv\u011bdomil i Strugackij, a proto byla druh\u00e1 s\u00e9rie u\u017e bez n\u011bj. V n\u00ed mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 zkou\u0161ej\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed odolnost lid\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 zkou\u0161ku zvl\u00e1dnou a v\u0161echno se zd\u00e1 kon\u010dit dob\u0159e. A je dob\u0159e, \u017ee to kon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rok 1984: \"Bude laskav\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165\"<\/h3>\n

\nV roce 1950 napsal americk\u00fd spisovatel Ray Bradbury jeden z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postapokalyptick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f v historii \u017e\u00e1nru. \"Bude laskav\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165\" vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o tom, jak roboti\u010dt\u00ed \"inteligentn\u00ed domy\" st\u00e1le funguj\u00ed po v\u00fdbuchu atomov\u00e9 bomby. O 34 let pozd\u011bji nato\u010dil uzbeck\u00fd film na motivy pov\u00eddky kr\u00e1tk\u00fd emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed animovan\u00fd film.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nText Bradburyho je p\u0159enesen pouze s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi kreativn\u00edmi \u00fapravami. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v pov\u00eddce po katastrof\u011b uplynulo n\u011bjak\u00e9 obdob\u00ed \u2014 dny nebo m\u011bs\u00edc. V animovan\u00e9m filmu robot, kter\u00fd nech\u00e1pe, co se stalo, vymet\u00e1 prach sp\u00e1len\u00fdch majitel\u016f z jejich postel\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 do domu vl\u00e9tne pt\u00e1k, robot se za n\u00edm \u017eene a omylem zni\u010d\u00ed d\u016fm.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nTato adaptace z\u00edskala ceny na t\u0159ech mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch festivalech a na jednom celost\u00e1tn\u00edm festivalu. Re\u017eis\u00e9rem a sc\u00e9n\u00e1ristou animovan\u00e9ho filmu byl herec a re\u017eis\u00e9r Nazim Tuljakhod\u017eaev z Ta\u0161kentu. Mimochodem, jeho pr\u00e1ce s Bradburyho materi\u00e1lem t\u00edm nekon\u010dila: o t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji nato\u010dil film na motivy pov\u00eddky \"Veld\". Z obou adaptac\u00ed div\u00e1k\u016fm utkv\u011bl v pam\u011bti pr\u00e1v\u011b \"Bude laskav\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165\", proto\u017ee hr\u016fza z glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lky se jen t\u011b\u017eko d\u00e1 n\u011b\u010d\u00edm p\u0159ekonat nebo rozpt\u00fdlit.<\/p>\n

Rok 1985: \"Smlouva\"<\/h3>\n

\nSov\u011btsk\u00e9 anim\u00e1tory bavilo adaptovat d\u00edla zahrani\u010dn\u00edch fantast\u016f. Vznikaly tak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 projekty, skute\u010dn\u00e9 plody l\u00e1sky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad animovan\u00fd film \"Kontrakt\" podle stejnojmenn\u00e9ho pov\u00eddky Roberta Silverberga. V\u00fdrazn\u00fd, avangardn\u00ed styl, tak obl\u00edben\u00fd re\u017eis\u00e9rem Tarasovem, p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pop-art. Hudebn\u00ed doprovod \u2014 \u00faryvky z jazzov\u00e9 skladby I Can’t Give You Anything but Love, Baby v pod\u00e1n\u00ed Elly Fitzgerald.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nJak origin\u00e1l, tak animovan\u00fd film za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed stejn\u011b: kolonista se br\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161er\u00e1m na neobydlen\u00e9 planet\u011b. Na pomoc mu p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed robot-obchodn\u00edk, kter\u00fd se uk\u00e1\u017ee jako ten, kdo tyto p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ery vypustil, aby donutil \u010dlov\u011bka kupovat jeho zbo\u017e\u00ed. Kolonista se spoj\u00ed se spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ho na planetu poslala, a zjist\u00ed, \u017ee podle podm\u00ednek smlouvy nesm\u00ed obchodovat s robotem. Nav\u00edc, za zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, jako jsou holic\u00ed strojky, mu na\u00fa\u010dtuj\u00ed ohromn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky, proto\u017ee ho mus\u00ed z\u00e1sobovat pouze t\u00edm, co pot\u0159ebuje k \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nPak se p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh origin\u00e1lu a adaptace rozch\u00e1z\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu robot vyhro\u017euje, \u017ee kolonistu zast\u0159el\u00ed. Kolonista se chytr\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem dostane z situace t\u00edm, \u017ee si od spole\u010dnosti vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 pen\u00edze na z\u00e1chranu \u017eivota, a po odm\u00edtnut\u00ed smlouvu zru\u0161\u00ed a vyhl\u00e1s\u00ed planetu za svou podle pr\u00e1va objevitele. I ironick\u00e9 schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed kapitalistick\u00fdch praktik bylo pro Svaz tabu. Proto v animovan\u00e9m filmu vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka mezi spole\u010dnostmi kolonisty a robota. Robot se ob\u011btuje, aby zah\u0159\u00e1l \u010dlov\u011bka pod ne\u010dekan\u00fdm sn\u011b\u017een\u00edm. I p\u0159es z\u0159ejm\u00fd ideologick\u00fd poselstv\u00ed animovan\u00fd film zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd dojem.<\/p>\n

1985\u20131995: \u201eFantadrom\u201c<\/h3>\n

\n\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nD\u011btsk\u00fd animovan\u00fd seri\u00e1l Fantadroms vypad\u00e1, jako by ho nakreslili z\u00e1padn\u00ed anim\u00e1to\u0159i. Ve skute\u010dnosti prvn\u00ed t\u0159i epizody vydala spole\u010dnost \u201eTelefilm-Riga\u201c, a dal\u0161\u00edch deset bylo vyd\u00e1no na loty\u0161sk\u00e9m studiu Dauka.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nHlavn\u00ed postava \u201eFantadromu\u201c je robot-ko\u010dka Indrikx XIII, kter\u00fd um\u00ed m\u011bnit tvar. Pr\u00e1v\u011b on si k\u00fdchne na za\u010d\u00e1tku a na konci ka\u017ed\u00e9 epizody. Spolu se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00e1teli kosmickou ko\u010dkou zachrazuje mimozem\u0161\u0165any a lidi z nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdch situac\u00ed, jako jsou po\u017e\u00e1ry, nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed \u010di n\u00e1hl\u00fd nedostatek soli na sn\u00eddani. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy \u201eFantadromu\u201c se odv\u00edjej\u00ed bez slov, pouze obrazy, hudbou a zvuky, jako v disneovsk\u00e9 \u201eFantazii\u201c.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nPrvn\u00ed t\u0159i \u201esov\u011btsk\u00e9\u201c s\u00e9rie vypadaj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b: zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed se na kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b a megapolis, kde \u017eije Indriks. Nov\u00e9 deset epizod m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na d\u011bti, tak\u017ee pozornost se p\u0159esunula na to, co se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 slapstickov\u00e1 komedie. Kdyby m\u011bly studia v\u00edce zdroj\u016f a mo\u017enost\u00ed, nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee Fantadroms by se mohl st\u00e1t jak\u00fdmsi kosmick\u00fdm \u201eTomem a Jerrym\u201c. Bohu\u017eel potenci\u00e1l seri\u00e1lu z\u016fstal nerealizov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Rok 1986: \u201eBitva\u201c<\/h3>\n

\nDal\u0161\u00ed adaptace z\u00e1padn\u00ed fantastiky, tentokr\u00e1t pov\u00eddky Stephena Kinga. B\u00fdval\u00fd voj\u00e1k, kter\u00fd se stal n\u00e1jemn\u00fdm vrahem, zab\u00edj\u00ed \u0159editele tov\u00e1rny na hra\u010dky. Po spln\u011bn\u00ed zak\u00e1zky dost\u00e1v\u00e1 bal\u00ed\u010dek s plastov\u00fdmi voj\u00e1\u010dky vyroben\u00fdmi v tov\u00e1rn\u011b ob\u011bti. Voj\u00e1\u010dci se n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem o\u017eivuj\u00ed a \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na vraha. Bitva kon\u010d\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm hra\u010dek, proto\u017ee v balen\u00ed byla miniaturizovan\u00e1 termonukle\u00e1rn\u00ed bomba.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nAnimovan\u00fd film je vytvo\u0159en ve stylu tot\u00e1ln\u00ed animace. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se spolu s postavami pohybuj\u00ed a m\u011bn\u00ed pozad\u00ed, aby vyj\u00e1d\u0159ily pohyb kamery. Tento n\u00e1kladn\u00fd a \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd metod se v ru\u010dn\u00ed animaci pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 z\u0159\u00eddka, ale zato precizn\u011b. \u201eBitv\u011b\u201c tot\u00e1ln\u00ed animace poskytla neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou dynamiku. Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd anim\u00e1k vypad\u00e1 ne h\u016f\u0159 ne\u017e \u201eSmrtonosn\u00e1 zbra\u0148\u201c, kter\u00e1 byla uvedena do kin o dva roky pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nPozorn\u00fd div\u00e1k si na prvn\u00ed minut\u011b anim\u00e1ku v\u0161imne odkazu na sc\u00e9nu proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed po tokijsk\u00fdch rozcest\u00edch v \u201eSolaris\u201c Tarkovsk\u00e9ho. Futuristick\u00e1 krajina s nekone\u010dn\u00fdm labyrintem silnic zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee se v\u0161e odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v bl\u00edzk\u00e9, temn\u00e9 budoucnosti.<\/p>\n

Rok 1988: \u201ePr\u016fsmyk\u201c<\/h3>\n

\nKdy\u017e se hovo\u0159\u00ed o fantastick\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 animaci, nelze opomenout kultovn\u00ed \u201ePr\u016fsmyk\u201c. Animovan\u00fd film byl nato\u010den podle prvn\u00ed kapitoly pov\u00eddky spisovatele Kira Bul\u00fd\u010deva \u201eOsada\u201c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e s\u00e1m autor napsal sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\n\u201eOsada\u201c vypr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o osudu vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 expedice, jej\u00ed\u017e lo\u010f havarovala na nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 planet\u011b. P\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 museli ut\u00edkat z lodi, aby unikli radiaci z po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho motoru. Lid\u00e9 zalo\u017eili osadu, nau\u010dili se lovit s lukem a \u0161\u00edpy, vychovali d\u011bti a opakovan\u011b se sna\u017eili vr\u00e1tit p\u0159es pr\u016fsmyk k lodi. V animovan\u00e9m filmu se skupina t\u0159\u00ed teenager\u016f a dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 k lodi. Dosp\u011bl\u00fd zahynul, zat\u00edmco d\u011bti, l\u00e9pe p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu sv\u011btu, dorazily na m\u00edsto ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\n\u201ePr\u016fsmyk\u201c vynik\u00e1 dokonce i na pozad\u00ed ostatn\u00edch avantgardn\u00edch sci-fi anim\u00e1k\u016f z t\u00e9 doby. Grafiku k filmu vytvo\u0159il matematik Anatolij Fomenko, zn\u00e1m\u00fd sporn\u00fdmi historick\u00fdmi teoriemi. Aby uk\u00e1zal hrozn\u00fd mimozemsk\u00fd sv\u011bt, pou\u017eil sv\u00e9 ilustrace k \u201eMistru a Margharit\u011b\u201c. Hudbu slo\u017eil Alexandr Gradsk\u00fd, v\u010detn\u011b p\u00edsn\u011b na ver\u0161e b\u00e1sn\u00edka Sa\u0161i \u010cern\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nRe\u017eis\u00e9rem \u201ePr\u016fsmyku\u201c byl Vladimir Tarasov, kter\u00fd byl ji\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zm\u00edn\u011bn v tomto v\u00fdb\u011bru. Tarasov p\u0159e\u010detl \u201eOsadu\u201c v \u010dasopise \u201eZnalost je s\u00edla\u201c a zaujal se ot\u00e1zkou, co vlastn\u011b lidsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost p\u0159edstavuje. V\u00fdsledkem byl stra\u0161ideln\u00fd a fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed animovan\u00fd film s otev\u0159en\u00fdm koncem.<\/p>\n

1989: \u201eTady mohou \u017e\u00edt tyg\u0159i\u201c<\/h3>\n

\n\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nDlouho p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e James Cameron nato\u010dil sv\u016fj \u201eAvatar\u201c, napsal Ray Bradbury kr\u00e1tk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh na stejn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. Lidsk\u00e1 lo\u010f p\u0159ist\u00e1v\u00e1 na neobydlen\u00e9 planet\u011b, aby t\u011b\u017eila nerosty. Kr\u00e1sn\u00fd ciz\u00ed sv\u011bt m\u00e1 rozum a pohostinn\u011b v\u00edt\u00e1 pozem\u0161\u0165any. Kdy\u017e z\u00e1stupce spole\u010dnosti sponzoruj\u00edc\u00ed expedici se pokus\u00ed zah\u00e1jit vrt\u00e1n\u00ed, planeta na n\u011bj pos\u00edl\u00e1 tygra. Expedice odlet\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jednoho mlad\u00e9ho kosmonauta nech\u00e1v\u00e1 za sebou.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nSov\u011btsk\u00fdm anim\u00e1tor\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez odchylek p\u0159ev\u00e9st filozofick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Bradburyho na pl\u00e1tno. V animovan\u00e9m filmu zlovoln\u00fd vedouc\u00ed expedice stihne p\u0159ed smrt\u00ed aktivovat bombu. Zem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 ob\u011btuj\u00ed sami sebe, aby zachr\u00e1nili planetu: nalo\u017e\u00ed bombu na lo\u010f a odl\u00e9taj\u00ed d\u00e1l. Kritika drav\u00e9ho kapitalismu byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed i p\u016fvodn\u00edho textu, tak\u017ee dramatick\u00fd zvrat byl p\u0159id\u00e1n, aby zvy\u0161oval akci v d\u011bji. Na rozd\u00edl od \u201eSmlouvy\u201c se v tomto animovan\u00e9m filmu neobjevily protikladn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy.<\/p>\n

1991\u20131992: \u201eUp\u00ed\u0159i Geony\u201c<\/h3>\n

\nSov\u011btsk\u00e1 animace nezanikla hned po rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. V 90. letech vy\u0161lo n\u011bkolik jasn\u011b \u201esov\u011btsk\u00fdch\u201c v\u011bdeckofantastick\u00fdch animovan\u00fdch film\u016f.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nV letech 1991 a 1992 re\u017eis\u00e9r Gennadij Ti\u0161\u010denkov uvedl animovan\u00e9 filmy \u201eUp\u00ed\u0159i Geony\u201c a \u201eP\u00e1ni Geony\u201c. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 napsal podle sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed pov\u00eddky. D\u011bj je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: inspektor Kosmoekologick\u00e9 komise (K\u00c9K) Janin se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 na planetu Geona. Tam m\u00edstn\u00ed pterodaktyli (\u201eup\u00ed\u0159i\u201c) kousaj\u00ed kolonisty a br\u00e1n\u00ed mezihv\u011bzdn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v t\u011b\u017eb\u011b nerostn\u00fdch surovin. Ukazuje se, \u017ee planeta je obyvateln\u00e1, m\u00edstn\u00ed inteligentn\u00ed bytosti \u017eij\u00ed pod vodou v symbi\u00f3ze s up\u00edry a dal\u0161\u00edmi \u017eivo\u010dichy. Spole\u010dnost planetu opou\u0161t\u00ed, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed \u010dinnost \u0161kod\u00ed ekologii.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nNejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rys animovan\u00fdch film\u016f: dva postavy-Ameri\u010dan\u00e9, odvozen\u00e9 od Arnolda Schwarzeneggera a Sylvestera Stallonea. Obrovsk\u00fd kreslen\u00fd \u201eArni\u201c je n\u011b\u010d\u00edm podobn\u00fdm hypertrofovan\u00fdm superhrdin\u016fm komiks\u016f z 90. let. Vedle n\u011bj vypad\u00e1 vousat\u00fd Rus Janin jako d\u00edt\u011b. Na pozad\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 hollywoodsk\u00e9 \u201eklikby\u201c se n\u011bkolik ztr\u00e1c\u00ed hlavn\u00ed filozofsk\u00e1 my\u0161lenka filmu.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nAnimovan\u00e9 filmy m\u011bly tvo\u0159it celou s\u00e9rii s n\u00e1zvem \u201eHv\u011bzdn\u00fd sv\u011bt\u201c. Na konci druh\u00e9 epizody Janin optimisticky prohla\u0161uje, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se na Geonu je\u0161t\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00ed, ale jeho slova se nem\u011bla naplnit. <\/p>\n

1994\u20131995: \u201eAMBA\u201c<\/h3>\n

\n\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nPo n\u011bkolika letech od \u201eGeony\u201c se Ti\u0161\u010denko znovu pokusil pokra\u010dovat v kosmick\u00e9 s\u00e1ze. Dva d\u00edly animovan\u00e9ho filmu \u201eAMBA\u201c vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o tom, jak v\u011bdec vyvinul zp\u016fsob, jak p\u011bstovat m\u011bsta z biomasy. Jeden takov\u00fd os\u00eddlen\u00fd komplex, \u201eAMBA\u201c (Automorfn\u00ed Bioarchitektonick\u00fd Ensemble), vyrostl v mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 pou\u0161ti, a druh\u00fd byl vysazen na odlehl\u00e9 planet\u011b. Spojen\u00ed s projektem bylo p\u0159eru\u0161eno a na m\u00edsto byl posl\u00e1n ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00fd inspektor Janin s bezejmenn\u00fdm partnerem.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nVizu\u00e1ln\u00ed styl filmu se stal podstatn\u011b v\u00edc \u201ez\u00e1padn\u00edm\u201c. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b obsah z\u016fstal v\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na pevnou sov\u011btskou v\u011bdeckou fantastiku. Ti\u0161\u010denko je fanou\u0161kem spisovatele-fantasty Ivana Jefremova. Ve dvou kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch animovan\u00fdch filmech se re\u017eis\u00e9r pokusil vm\u011bstnat my\u0161lenku, \u017ee v budoucnu technologick\u00e9 civilizace p\u0159ijde konec (odtud tak\u00e9 n\u00e1zev).<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nS expozic\u00ed vznikly v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, to je typick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy se o d\u011bn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, m\u00edsto aby se ukazovalo. Boj\u016f a hrdinstv\u00ed je na obrazovce dost, ale tempo ud\u00e1lost\u00ed je \u201eroztrhan\u00e9\u201c: nejprve hrdin\u016fm \u00fato\u010d\u00ed mimozemsk\u00e9 chapadla, pak trp\u011bliv\u011b poslouchaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o tom, odkud se tato chapadla vzala.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9
\n
\nMo\u017en\u00e1 by se ve t\u0159et\u00edm d\u00edle \u201eHv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c poda\u0159ilo zbavit nedostatk\u016f p\u0159edchoz\u00edch. Bohu\u017eel, sov\u011btsk\u00e1 tradice v nov\u00e9m tis\u00edcilet\u00ed definitivn\u011b zmizela, tak\u017ee te\u010f jsou v\u0161echny tyto animovan\u00e9 filmy minulost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nena\u0161el se v\u00e1\u0161 obl\u00edben\u00fd v\u011bdecko-fantastick\u00fd animovan\u00fd film? Pov\u011bzte o n\u011bm v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Sov\u011btsk\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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