{"id":35044,"date":"2019-10-31T22:01:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chto-testiruyut-sobesedovaniya-i-testovye-zadaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:01:58","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:58","slug":"chto-testiruyut-sobesedovaniya-i-testovye-zadaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/chto-testiruyut-sobesedovaniya-i-testovye-zadaniya","title":{"rendered":"Co testuj\u00ed pohovory a testovac\u00ed \u00fakoly","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku habr.com\/cs\/post\/450810<\/a><\/noindex> Zva\u017eoval jsem 7 zp\u016fsob\u016f rychl\u00e9 kontroly kompetenc\u00ed IT specialist\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze aplikovat p\u0159ed proveden\u00edm velk\u00e9ho, obs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho a \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho technick\u00e9ho pohovoru. Tam jsem prozkoumal podstatu t\u011bchto metod a svou praxi jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako d\u016fvody, pro\u010d se mi l\u00edb\u00ed nebo nel\u00edb\u00ed.
\nV tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku chci hovo\u0159it o modern\u00ed koncepci rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, o tom, jak souvis\u00ed s testov\u00e1n\u00edm pracovn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed a co ve skute\u010dnosti testuj\u00ed metody hodnocen\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed, jako jsou pohovory a testovac\u00ed \u00fakoly.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Trochu teorie<\/h3>\n

\nV\u011bdci se po stalet\u00ed zab\u00fdvali ot\u00e1zkou \u2013 jak a pro\u010d \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed? V ka\u017ed\u00e9 epo\u0161e odpov\u00eddali na tuto ot\u00e1zku r\u016fzn\u011b \u2013 po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed dominoval v\u00edra v osud a v\u016fli boh\u016f, pot\u00e9 dlouhou dobu bylo popul\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk je racion\u00e1ln\u00ed bytost, kter\u00e1 se v\u011bt\u0161inou chov\u00e1 rozumn\u011b a promy\u0161len\u011b. V\u011bdeck\u00e1 revoluce vedla k tomu, \u017ee v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed byla provedena \u0159ada v\u00fdzkum\u016f chov\u00e1n\u00ed \"rozumn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka\". V sou\u010dasnosti je nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi kruhy uzn\u00e1vanou koncepc\u00ed hybridn\u00ed model lidsk\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, o n\u011bm\u017e velmi dob\u0159e psal psycholog Daniel Kahneman ve sv\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch a popul\u00e1rn\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00fdch knih\u00e1ch. Daniel z\u00edskal Nobelovu cenu za ekonomii, proto\u017ee jeho pr\u00e1ce vyvr\u00e1tila mnoh\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 teorie zalo\u017een\u00e9 na modelech racion\u00e1ln\u00edho rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. Daniel Kahneman p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka je ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b situac\u00ed ur\u010dov\u00e1no automatick\u00fdmi reak\u010dn\u00edmi vzory, kter\u00e9 se utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed.
\nPodle koncepce Daniela Kahnemana je chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka \u0159\u00edzeno dv\u011bma vz\u00e1jemn\u011b interaguj\u00edc\u00edmi syst\u00e9my rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Syst\u00e9m 1 je rychl\u00fd a automatick\u00fd, zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezpe\u010dnost organismu a nevy\u017eaduje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed pro utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed. P\u0159esnost rozhodnut\u00ed tohoto syst\u00e9mu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zku\u0161enostech a tr\u00e9ninku, zat\u00edmco rychlost z\u00e1vis\u00ed na charakteristik\u00e1ch nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jednotlivce. Syst\u00e9m 2 je pomal\u00fd, vy\u017eaduje \u00fasil\u00ed a soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed. Zaji\u0161\u0165uje n\u00e1m slo\u017eit\u00e9 \u00favahy, logick\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry a od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e9 predikce. Rychlost rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00edmto syst\u00e9mem je mnohokr\u00e1t ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rychlost Syst\u00e9mu 1. Pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011bhem \u010dinnosti Syst\u00e9mu 2 se projevuje ve\u0161ker\u00fd potenci\u00e1l lidsk\u00e9 inteligence. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci tohoto syst\u00e9mu se intenzivn\u011b spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed zdroje \u2013 jak fyzick\u00e9 (energie), tak i pozornost, kter\u00e1 je odvozena od mnoha zdroj\u016f. Proto v\u011bt\u0161ina rozhodnut\u00ed je p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na Syst\u00e9mem 1.
\nMysl\u00edm, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z v\u00e1s si v\u0161iml, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017ee intenzivn\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let a \u0159e\u0161it slo\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fakoly po ur\u010ditou dobu v kuse. U ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka je tento interval jin\u00fd. N\u011bkdo m\u016f\u017ee intenzivn\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let jen p\u016fl hodiny denn\u011b, zat\u00edmco n\u011bkdo m\u016f\u017ee 3 hodiny v kuse \u0159e\u0161it slo\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fakoly. Tuto schopnost lze rozv\u00edjet, ale vy\u017eaduje to velk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed a pr\u00e1ci na sob\u011b, a p\u0159esto z\u016fstane zdroj pozornosti omezen\u00fd.
\nOba syst\u00e9my pracuj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b. Informace p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z smyslov\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f nejprve zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 rychl\u00fd Syst\u00e9m 1, kter\u00fd rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 situace a okam\u017eit\u011b reaguje v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hrozby. Tak\u00e9 Syst\u00e9m 1 rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 situace a bu\u010f se rozhodne je ignorovat, nebo aktivuje Syst\u00e9m 2. <\/p>\n

Pros\u00edm, vyn\u00e1sobte 65 patn\u00e1cti a zaznamenejte si, kolik \u010dasu v\u00e1m tyto v\u00fdpo\u010dty zabraly.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nJak to funguje? Kdy jste naposledy pozorovali, jak hraj\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161achist\u00e9 \u2013 s jakou rychlost\u00ed d\u011blaj\u00ed tahy na za\u010d\u00e1tku partie? Pro \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd hraje \u0161achy jen z\u0159\u00eddka, se zd\u00e1 nemo\u017en\u00e9 tak rychle p\u0159ij\u00edmat tak slo\u017eit\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed. P\u0159esto jste schopni na pln\u00e9m automatizovan\u00e9m re\u017eimu opravovat chyby za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch program\u00e1tor\u016f, kdy\u017e d\u011bl\u00e1te code review. V\u00e1\u0161 Syst\u00e9m 1 dok\u00e1\u017ee rozpoznat typick\u00e9 chyby nov\u00e1\u010dk\u016f a automaticky je opravit, stejn\u011b jako profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161achista \u010dte situaci na \u0161achovnici a v\u00ed, jak m\u00e1 t\u00e1hnout, prakticky bez zapojen\u00ed v\u011bdom\u00e9ho Syst\u00e9mu 2. <\/p>\n

Pros\u00edm, znovu vyn\u00e1sobte 65 kr\u00e1t 15 a poznamenejte si, kolik \u010dasu v\u00e1m tyto v\u00fdpo\u010dty zabraly.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nMnoh\u00e9 experimenty uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee ve zn\u00e1m\u00fdch n\u00e1m situac\u00edch jsou rozhodnut\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na automatick\u00fdm Syst\u00e9mem 1, co\u017e je z hlediska p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed organismu a energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f zcela racion\u00e1ln\u00ed. Z tohoto hlediska jedn\u00e1me velmi rozumn\u011b a optim\u00e1ln\u011b, ale ne v tom smyslu, \u017ee by na\u0161e rozhodnut\u00ed byla promy\u0161len\u00e1 a optim\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale v tom smyslu, \u017ee existuje rovnov\u00e1ha mezi v\u00fdsledkem a n\u00e1klady na\u0161ich zdroj\u016f. Kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edd\u00edte auto ve m\u011bst\u011b na cest\u011b do pr\u00e1ce, va\u0161e trasa proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed zat\u00e1\u010dkami a po\u010det zrychlen\u00ed a brzd\u011bn\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt optim\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale z pohledu \u00fakolu dopravy v\u00e1s z va\u0161eho domova do pr\u00e1ce \u2013 to je docela v po\u0159\u00e1dku. Pokud v\u0161ak jste z\u00e1vodn\u00edk a \u0159\u00edd\u00edte z\u00e1vodn\u00ed auto na z\u00e1vodn\u00edm okruhu, va\u0161e rozhodnut\u00ed o trajektorii, zrychlen\u00ed a brzd\u011bn\u00ed budou mnohem v\u00edc vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1.
\nV nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch situac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed nebo jim\u017e se nedalo vyhnout, jsme nuceni jednat v\u011bdom\u011b, p\u0159ipojujeme pozornost a Syst\u00e9m 2. Po n\u011bkolika opakov\u00e1n\u00edch velmi podobn\u00fdch situac\u00ed se v\u00fdsledek pr\u00e1ce Syst\u00e9mu 2 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 do pam\u011bti ve form\u011b znak\u016f a reakc\u00ed a pot\u00e9 u\u017e nebudete muset vynakl\u00e1dat s\u00edly a \u010das na logick\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry \u2013 Syst\u00e9m 1 u\u017e bude na tuto \u00falohu vytr\u00e9nov\u00e1n a p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b poskytne \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed automaticky. N\u011bkter\u00e9 automatick\u00e9 reakce s \u010dasem vymiz\u00ed, pokud nejsou pravideln\u011b vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny. Dovednosti, kter\u00e9 netr\u00e9nujeme \u2013 ztr\u00e1c\u00ed se.<\/p>\n

Pros\u00edm, znovu vyn\u00e1sobte 65 a 15. V\u0161imli jste si pokroku ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edm pokusem vy\u0159e\u0161it tento \u00fakol?\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Jak to v\u0161e souvis\u00ed s pracovn\u00edm procesem a ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm kompetenc\u00ed?<\/h3>\n

\nR\u016fzn\u00e9 experimenty uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee na nov\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b se oby\u010dejn\u00fd, psychicky zdrav\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk zpo\u010d\u00e1tku adaptuje a sna\u017e\u00ed se p\u0159ijmout pravidla, podm\u00ednky a pracovn\u00ed procesy nov\u00e9ho m\u00edsta. Po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b se v\u0161ak ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s uvoln\u00ed a za\u010dne pracovat tak, jak um\u00ed. Snaha a pilnost ustupuj\u00ed automatick\u00fdm reakc\u00edm a vzorc\u016fm zakotven\u00fdm v syst\u00e9mu 1. Nav\u00edc i b\u011bhem zku\u0161ebn\u00edho obdob\u00ed v stresov\u00fdch situac\u00edch, kdy je pot\u0159eba rychl\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, reagujeme pomoc\u00ed automatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu 1 a ne v\u017edy tak, jak n\u00e1s u\u010dili na tomto nov\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b.
\nObecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee na\u0161e hlavn\u00ed hodnota jako zam\u011bstnance je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ur\u010dena na\u0161imi zku\u0161enostmi \u2013 tedy tr\u00e9novanost\u00ed na\u0161eho syst\u00e9mu 1 v \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, kter\u00e9 zam\u011bstnavatel pot\u0159ebuje. Proto zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 velmi \u010dasto hledaj\u00ed zam\u011bstnance, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 v\u00fdjime\u010dnou inteligenci, ale zku\u0161enosti v ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti. Zku\u0161enosti jsou cen\u011bny v\u00edce ne\u017e inteligence. To lze vysv\u011btlit jednoduch\u00fdmi v\u00fdpo\u010dty. Pokud je dostatek \u010dasu, m\u016f\u017ee se jak\u00fdkoliv zam\u011bstnanec s dostate\u010dnou inteligenc\u00ed dan\u00e9 t\u00e9ma pochopit a vy\u0159e\u0161it p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9 \u00fakoly. Mus\u00ed v\u0161ak str\u00e1vit \u010das u\u010den\u00edm a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm zku\u0161enost\u00ed a teprve pot\u00e9 bude schopen kvalitn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9 \u00fakoly. Jeho syst\u00e9m 2 bude muset vy\u0159e\u0161it mnoho tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, ne\u017e jeho syst\u00e9m 1 bude schopen rychle a kvalitn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fakoly. To vy\u017eaduje \u010das, kter\u00fd zam\u011bstnavatel \u010dasto nen\u00ed ochoten zaplatit za vysokou sazbu profesion\u00e1la. Jin\u00fd zam\u011bstnanec, kter\u00fd ji\u017e podobn\u00e9 \u00fakoly \u0159e\u0161il, bude pr\u00e1ci vykon\u00e1vat mnohem rychleji, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mu poskytne jeho syst\u00e9m 1, vy\u0161kolen\u00fd \u0159e\u0161it \u00fakoly v pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 oblasti. Zku\u0161en\u00fd zam\u011bstnanec bude poskytovat kvalitn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nejen rychleji, ale i s men\u0161\u00edm \u00fasil\u00edm. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nevyu\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje pozornosti m\u016f\u017ee sm\u011b\u0159ovat k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nov\u00fdch slo\u017eit\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed.
\nCo si vybrat \u2013 zku\u0161enost nebo intelekt \u2013 zam\u011bstnavatel rozhoduje v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u011b. Tam, kde je pot\u0159eba rychl\u00e1 reakce na typick\u00fd \u00fakol a rychl\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, se \u010dasto vyb\u00edr\u00e1 zku\u0161enost. Pokud je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, ale \u010das na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je st\u00e1le vysoce cen\u011bn, vol\u00ed se zku\u0161en\u00fd a chytr\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk. Pokud \u010das nen\u00ed moc kritick\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee se up\u0159ednostnit intelektu\u00e1l bez zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Jak ch\u00e1pete, v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst, kde \u010das nen\u00ed kritick\u00fd, je jich m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n

Pros\u00edm, znovu vyn\u00e1sobte 65 \u010d\u00edslem 15 a poznamenejte si, kolik \u010dasu v\u00e1m tyto v\u00fdpo\u010dty zabraly. V\u0161imli jste si, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jste dosp\u011bli k v\u00fdsledku?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Zp\u016fsoby ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed z pohledu testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eSyst\u00e9m 1\u201c a \u201eSyst\u00e9m 2\u201c<\/h3>\n

\nZku\u0161enost \u2013 tedy vytr\u00e9novanost Syst\u00e9mu 1 \u2013 je \u010dasto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm, mo\u017en\u00e1 dokonce rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm krit\u00e9riem p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru nov\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance zam\u011bstnavatelem. Jak m\u016f\u017eeme nejefektivn\u011bji a nejp\u0159esn\u011bji zhodnotit zku\u0161enost kandid\u00e1ta? Pod\u00edvejme se na popul\u00e1rn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby hodnocen\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed z pohledu toho, co hodnot\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pohovory<\/h4>\n

\nTento form\u00e1t p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 rozhovor mezi kandid\u00e1tem a hodnotitelem. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b klade ot\u00e1zky hodnotitel, ale kandid\u00e1t m\u00e1 mo\u017enost zaznamen\u00e1vat neverb\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1ly, pokl\u00e1dat up\u0159es\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zky a, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, m\u011bnit svou odpov\u011b\u010f \"za chodu\". To je n\u00e1m v\u0161em zn\u00e1m\u00fd \"\u00fastn\u00ed zkou\u0161ka\". Obvykle pohovor prob\u00edh\u00e1 podle typov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu a mnoho ot\u00e1zek je tak\u00e9 typov\u00fdch, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na n\u011b lze p\u0159ipravit. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eete vytr\u00e9novat sv\u016fj Syst\u00e9m 1 na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed pohovor\u016f.
\n\u00dasp\u011bch hodnocen\u00ed kandid\u00e1ta z\u00e1vis\u00ed na komunika\u010dn\u00edch dovednostech obou \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f. Kandid\u00e1t, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 dostatek zku\u0161enost\u00ed s pohovory, m\u016f\u017ee ud\u011blat dobr\u00fd dojem. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tento v\u00fdsledek je dosa\u017een ne d\u00edky pracovn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, ale d\u00edky zku\u0161enosti s komunikac\u00ed a absolvov\u00e1n\u00edm pohovor\u016f. P\u0159ipraven\u00fd kandid\u00e1t, kter\u00fd dob\u0159e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 na typov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, ovliv\u0148uje zkou\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edho a ten se st\u00e1v\u00e1 k n\u011bmu v\u00edce naklon\u011bn.
\nTento zp\u016fsob v podstat\u011b testuje Syst\u00e9m 1 kandid\u00e1ta, i kdy\u017e \u010dasto ne zku\u0161enosti, kter\u00e9 budou v pr\u00e1ci pot\u0159eba. Dob\u0159e se hod\u00ed pro hodnocen\u00ed specialist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed budou muset hodn\u011b komunikovat v r\u00e1mci pracovn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed a rychle se adaptovat, ale pro hodnocen\u00ed technick\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed, podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru, nen\u00ed tento zp\u016fsob p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vhodn\u00fd. P\u0159esnost hodnocen\u00ed lze zlep\u0161it pomoc\u00ed netradi\u010dn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek a sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f pohovor\u016f, stejn\u011b jako zapojen\u00edm n\u011bkolika hodnotitel\u016f do pohovoru, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1klady na tuto akci.<\/p>\n

Testovac\u00ed \u00fakoly<\/h4>\n

\nKandid\u00e1t obdr\u017e\u00ed \u00fakol, kter\u00fd samostatn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed a pot\u00e9 p\u0159edvede v\u00fdsledek \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. V podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o n\u00e1\u0161 zn\u00e1m\u00fd \u201ep\u00edsemn\u00fd zkou\u0161ku\u201c. Kandid\u00e1t m\u00e1 dostatek \u010dasu, mo\u017enost kl\u00e1st up\u0159es\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zky a tak\u00e9 hledat informace na internetu a dokonce vyu\u017e\u00edt pomoc p\u0159\u00e1tel. Pokud je \u00fakol slo\u017eit\u00fd a \u010dasu je dost, tento zp\u016fsob testuje sp\u00ed\u0161e Syst\u00e9m 2 ne\u017e Syst\u00e9m 1, tedy inteligenci, nikoli zku\u0161enosti. Pokud v\u0161ak zkr\u00e1t\u00edme \u010das na vykon\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fakolu, existuje vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee kandid\u00e1ti odm\u00edtnou vykon\u00e1vat slo\u017eit\u00fd testovac\u00ed \u00fakol. Pokud z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u00fakol zjednodu\u0161\u00edme, poskytneme n\u011bkolik \u00fakol\u016f a zkr\u00e1t\u00edme \u010das \u2013 tento zp\u016fsob se st\u00e1v\u00e1 docela \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1me ze \u0161koln\u00edch lavic. Dob\u0159e testuje Syst\u00e9m 1. Jeho nev\u00fdhodou v\u0161ak je, \u017ee kontrola v\u00fdsledk\u016f vy\u017eaduje zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed ze strany hodnotitel\u016f, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt unik\u00e1tn\u00ed a hodnotitel\u00e9 musej\u00ed pochopit podstatu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Live Doing<\/h4>\n

\nKandid\u00e1t obdr\u017e\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd \u00fakol, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161\u00ed pod dohledem hodnot\u00edc\u00edho specialisty. Tento zp\u016fsob se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu pohovoru \u2013 kdy\u017e hodnot\u00edc\u00ed specialist\u00e9 nejprve vedou rozhovor a pot\u00e9 nab\u00eddnou vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00faloh. Pro introvertn\u00ed kandid\u00e1ty, kte\u0159\u00ed dlouho nekonali pohovory, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tento zp\u016fsob \u010dasto psychologicky nepohodln\u00fd a ukazuj\u00ed tak ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. Osobn\u011b se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, \u017ee tento zp\u016fsob by m\u011bl b\u00fdt nab\u00eddnut jako alternativa k testov\u00e9mu \u00fakolu. Tedy bu\u010f 3-4 hodiny samostatn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, nebo 1-1,5 hodiny pohovoru a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00faloh online. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ipravenosti kandid\u00e1ta tento zp\u016fsob umo\u017e\u0148uje otestovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed dovednosti Syst\u00e9mu 1 na typick\u00fdch \u00faloh\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1stmi slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f. Tedy jako testov\u00e9 \u00falohy by se m\u011bly vyb\u00edrat prvky re\u00e1ln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch \u00faloh. Nen\u00ed dobr\u00e9 nab\u00edzet abstraktn\u00ed \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 se va\u0161emu zam\u011bstnanci pozd\u011bji v pr\u00e1ci nikdy neobjev\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Testy s mo\u017enostmi odpov\u011bd\u00ed<\/h4>\n

\nJak asi v\u00edte, z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky v rusk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch nyn\u00ed maj\u00ed formu test\u016f (GIA a EGE). V minulosti to vyvolalo bou\u0159liv\u00e9 diskuse. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 toto rozhodnut\u00ed ministerstva \u0161kolstv\u00ed obecn\u011b negativn\u011b hodnot\u00ed. Osobn\u011b si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee pokud nebereme v \u00favahu nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro korupci, pak je nahrazen\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek testy dobr\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm. Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f test\u016f nevy\u017eaduje mnoho \u010dasu a pozornosti, snadno se automatizuje. P\u0159i tom se minimalizuje subjektivnost hodnocen\u00ed znalost\u00ed. Testy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed za 1-2 hodiny kvalitn\u011b otestovat znalosti a zku\u0161enosti z\u00edskan\u00e9 b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let studia nebo pr\u00e1ce. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159idi\u010d se u\u010d\u00ed pravidla silni\u010dn\u00edho provozu n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, av\u0161ak u zkou\u0161ky by m\u011bl odpov\u011bd\u011bt na 20 ot\u00e1zek b\u011bhem 20 minut. Praxe desetilet\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto typu zkou\u0161ek ukazuje, \u017ee to sta\u010d\u00ed, pokud jsou testov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky spr\u00e1vn\u011b formulov\u00e1ny a je jich dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed.
\nV dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b v\u011bt\u0161ina rozhodnut\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u00fdb\u011bru jedn\u00e9 z existuj\u00edc\u00edch variant, kter\u00e1 nejl\u00e9pe odpov\u00edd\u00e1 situaci. Nepot\u0159ebujete pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odborn\u00edka, kter\u00fd by vynal\u00e9zal kolo. Ale pot\u0159ebujete odborn\u00edka, kter\u00fd dob\u0159e zn\u00e1 v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f kol a podobn\u00fdch typ\u016f dopravy, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee rychle vybrat vhodn\u00fd model a nastavit ho podle va\u0161ich pot\u0159eb. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed logistick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f se v\u011bt\u0161inou mus\u00ed d\u011blat rychle a nen\u00ed \u010das vynal\u00e9zat inovativn\u00ed kolo. N\u011bkdy (velmi vz\u00e1cn\u011b) existuj\u00ed situace, kdy pot\u0159ebujete nov\u00e9 kolo, kter\u00e9 zat\u00edm neexistuje, a je t\u0159eba ho vytvo\u0159it. Ale i v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd dob\u0159e rozum\u00ed konstrukc\u00edm kol, uk\u00e1\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezce.
\nDal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad. Pokud program\u00e1tor m\u016f\u017ee implementovat n\u011bkolik algoritm\u016f t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 jist\u011b je to chv\u00e1lyhodn\u00e9, ale v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b mu bude mnohem u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed znalost z\u00e1kladn\u00edch metod z\u00e1kladn\u00ed knihovny t\u0159\u00edd jazyka \u2013 tam jist\u011b u\u017e existuje n\u011bkolik zp\u016fsob\u016f t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed, sta\u010d\u00ed pouze zavolat pot\u0159ebnou funkci. <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n

\nJe d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, abyste p\u0159i volb\u011b zp\u016fsobu ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed zapnuli sv\u016fj Syst\u00e9m 2 a zvolili vhodn\u00fd zp\u016fsob uv\u011bdom\u011ble, nikoli tradi\u010dn\u011b \u2013 \u201eproto\u017ee jsme to v\u017edy d\u011blali\u201c. P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru zp\u016fsobu ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed doporu\u010duji nejprve si ujasnit, co bude pro v\u00e1s jako zam\u011bstnavatele v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm fungov\u00e1n\u00ed va\u0161eho zam\u011bstnance d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Bude to schopnost rychle \u0159e\u0161it ur\u010dit\u00fd okruh standardn\u00edch \u00faloh, nebo bude t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it slo\u017eit\u00e9, origin\u00e1ln\u00ed, netypick\u00e9 \u00fakoly.
\nV\u011bt\u0161inou jsou pro prvn\u00ed zkou\u0161ku kandid\u00e1t\u016f ide\u00e1ln\u00ed testy s \u010dasov\u00fdm omezen\u00edm. Doporu\u010duji mal\u00e9 testy, na jejich\u017e vypln\u011bn\u00ed bude pot\u0159eba maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 15-20 minut. Za tu dobu m\u016f\u017eete polo\u017eit 30-40 ot\u00e1zek a dostate\u010dn\u011b podrobn\u011b otestovat znalosti kandid\u00e1t\u016f. Pot\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete uspo\u0159\u00e1dat pohovor, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho prodiskutujete chyby, kter\u00e9 kandid\u00e1ti ud\u011blali. Test m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 slou\u017eit jako opora pro pohovor, b\u011bhem n\u011bj\u017e m\u016f\u017eete kandid\u00e1tovi objasnit d\u016fvody, pro\u010d na ot\u00e1zky odpov\u011bd\u011bl tak, a jak by odpov\u011bd\u011bl, kdyby ot\u00e1zka zn\u011bla jinak.
\nPokud v\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1, jak budouc\u00ed zam\u011bstnanec pracuje samostatn\u011b na pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00fdch a izolovan\u00fdch \u00fakolech, je vhodn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt pohovorem a pot\u00e9 nab\u00eddnout vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed testovac\u00edho \u00fakolu. Je dobr\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee testovac\u00ed \u00fakoly p\u0159ed pohovorem jsou ochotni vykon\u00e1vat pouze 20-25% kandid\u00e1t\u016f, a v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b z\u00fa\u017e\u00edte v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.
\nVe sv\u00e9m dal\u0161\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku podrobn\u011bji proberu specifika vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed test\u016f pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed kandid\u00e1t\u016f.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 habr.com\/ru\/post\/450810 \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b 7 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439 IT-\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e 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