{"id":35134,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:29","slug":"uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Zranitelnosti v modulech HSM, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k \u00fatoku na \u0161ifrovac\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Skupina v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f ze spole\u010dnosti Ledger, kter\u00e1 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed hardwarov\u00e9 pen\u011b\u017eenky pro kryptom\u011bny, odhalila<\/a><\/noindex> odhalila n\u011bkolik zranitelnost\u00ed v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch HSM (Hardware Security Module<\/a><\/noindex>), kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity k extrakci kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f nebo proveden\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho \u00fatoku za \u00fa\u010delem nahrazen\u00ed firmwaru za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed HSM. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je zpr\u00e1va o probl\u00e9mu je dostupn\u00e1<\/noindex> k dispozici pouze ve francouz\u0161tin\u011b, anglick\u00e1 verze zpr\u00e1vy je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na publikovat<\/a><\/noindex> na srpen b\u011bhem konference Blackhat USA 2019. HSM je specialistick\u00e9 extern\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9 k uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch a soukrom\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch podpis\u016f a k \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat. <\/p>\n

HSM v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje \u00farove\u0148 ochrany, proto\u017ee zcela izoluje kl\u00ed\u010de od syst\u00e9mu a aplikac\u00ed, poskytuje pouze API pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kryptografick\u00fdch primitiv implementovan\u00fdch na stran\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Obvykle se HSM pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v oblastech, kde je t\u0159eba zajistit nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v bank\u00e1ch, na burz\u00e1ch kryptom\u011bn, v certifika\u010dn\u00edch st\u0159edisc\u00edch pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a generov\u00e1n\u00ed certifik\u00e1t\u016f a digit\u00e1ln\u00edch podpis\u016f.<\/p>\n

Navr\u017een\u00e9 metody \u00fatoku umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed neautentizovan\u00e9mu u\u017eivateli z\u00edskat plnou kontrolu nad obsahem HSM, v\u010detn\u011b extrakce v\u0161ech ulo\u017een\u00fdch kryptografick\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f a administr\u00e1torsk\u00fdch p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Probl\u00e9my jsou zp\u016fsobeny p\u0159ete\u010den\u00edm bufferu ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f PKCS#11 a chybou ve implementaci kryptografick\u00e9 ochrany firmwaru, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt kontrolu firmwaru pomoc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho podpisu PKCS#1v1.5 a iniciovat na\u010dten\u00ed vlastn\u00ed firmwary do HSM. <\/p>\n

Jako demonstrace bylo zorganizov\u00e1no na\u010dten\u00ed modifikovan\u00e9 firmwary, do kter\u00e9 byl p\u0159id\u00e1n zadn\u00ed kan\u00e1l, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 aktivn\u00ed i po n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch instalac\u00edch standardn\u00edch aktualizac\u00ed firmwaru od v\u00fdrobce. Tvrd\u00ed se, \u017ee \u00fatok m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt proveden vzd\u00e1len\u011b (metoda \u00fatoku nen\u00ed up\u0159esn\u011bna, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o nahrazen\u00ed nahr\u00e1van\u00e9 firmwary nebo odesl\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u011b upraven\u00fdch certifik\u00e1t\u016f k zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m byl identifikov\u00e1n p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed fuzzingov\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed navrhovan\u00e9 v HSM vnit\u0159n\u00ed implementace p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f PKCS#11. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo organizov\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nahr\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho modulu do HSM pomoc\u00ed standardn\u00edho SDL. V\u00fdsledkem byla zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 chyba p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu v implementaci PKCS#11, kterou bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zneu\u017e\u00edvat nejen z vnit\u0159n\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed HSM, ale i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vol\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159idi\u010de PKCS#11 z hlavn\u00edho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, k n\u011bmu\u017e je modul HSM p\u0159ipojen. <\/p>\n

D\u00e1le bylo p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu zneu\u017eito k vykon\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du na stran\u011b HSM a k p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch parametr\u016f. P\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed komponent\u016f byla odhalena dal\u0161\u00ed zranitelnost, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje nahr\u00e1t nov\u00fd firmware bez digit\u00e1ln\u00edho podpisu. Nakonec byl naps\u00e1n a nahr\u00e1n do HSM vlastn\u00ed modul, kter\u00fd vyvede v\u0161echny ulo\u017een\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed z HSM ven.<\/p>\n

Jm\u00e9no v\u00fdrobce, jeho\u017e HSM za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed zranitelnosti, zat\u00edm nebylo zve\u0159ejn\u011bno, ale tvrd\u00ed se, \u017ee problematick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na n\u011bkter\u00fdmi velk\u00fdmi bankami a poskytovateli cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. P\u0159itom se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, \u017ee informace o probl\u00e9mech byly d\u0159\u00edve zasl\u00e1ny v\u00fdrobci a ten ji\u017e zranitelnosti odstranil v nov\u00e9m aktualizovan\u00e9m firmwaru. Nez\u00e1visl\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee probl\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch spole\u010dnosti Gemalto, kter\u00e1 v kv\u011btnu vyu\u017eila<\/a><\/noindex> aktualizovala Sentinel LDK s odstran\u011bn\u00edm zranitelnost\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edstup k informac\u00edm o kter\u00fdch zat\u00edm uzav\u0159en<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Ledger, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u044b, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 HSM (Hardware Security Module), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0438 HSM-\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435, \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 Blackhat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Zranitelnosti v HSM modulech, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k \u00fatoku na \u0161ifrovac\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de | ProHoster","description":"Skupina v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f ze spole\u010dnosti Ledger, kter\u00e1 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed hardwarov\u00e9 pen\u011b\u017eenky pro kryptom\u011bny, odhalila n\u011bkolik.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 HSM-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 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