{"id":35262,"date":"2019-10-31T22:03:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/samye-redkie-i-samye-dorogie-yazyki-programmirovaniya-chast-ii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:03:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:19","slug":"samye-redkie-i-samye-dorogie-yazyki-programmirovaniya-chast-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/samye-redkie-i-samye-dorogie-yazyki-programmirovaniya-chast-ii","title":{"rendered":"Nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed programovac\u00ed jazyky. \u010c\u00e1st II","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vno jsem pro \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e Habr provedla mal\u00fd pr\u016fzkum studie<\/a><\/noindex> programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f, jako jsou Rust, Dart, Erlang, abych zjistila, jak vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 jsou na rusk\u00e9m IT trhu. <\/p>\n

Na moji studii se objevilo mnoho koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f a ot\u00e1zek t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se dal\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f. Rozhodla jsem se shrom\u00e1\u017edit v\u0161echny va\u0161e koment\u00e1\u0159e a prov\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu. <\/p>\n

Ve studii byly zahrnuty jazyky: Forth, Ceylon, Scala, Perl, Cobol, a n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed. Celkov\u011b jsem analyzovala 10 programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f. <\/p>\n

Abych v\u00e1m usnadnila p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, rozd\u011blila jsem jazyky zjednodu\u0161en\u011b do dvou skupin: vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 (n\u00edzk\u00fd popt\u00e1vka a nab\u00eddka) a popul\u00e1rn\u00ed (jazyk, kter\u00fd je \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fd na rusk\u00e9m IT trhu).
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nZ\u00e1kladem m\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy byly, stejn\u011b jako minule, \u00fadaje z\u00edskan\u00e9 z port\u00e1lu Headhunter, ze soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b LinkedIn, a tak\u00e9 osobn\u00ed statistiky m\u00e9 agentury. Pro p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch jazyk\u016f jsem pou\u017eila slu\u017ebu Amazing Hiring.<\/p>\n

Pro ty, kdo nev\u00ed, co to je Amazing Hiring \u2014 objasn\u00edm. Je to speci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eba, kter\u00e1 \"parsuje\" v\u0161echny informace o odborn\u00edc\u00edch z cel\u00e9ho internetu. S jej\u00ed pomoc\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete zjistit, kolik specialist\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed dan\u00fd jazyk ve sv\u00fdch dovednostech. <\/p>\n

Tak za\u010dneme s popul\u00e1rn\u00edmi programovac\u00edmi jazyky. <\/i><\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1dan\u00e9 jazyky<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Verilog, VHDL <\/h3>\n

\nTyto hlavn\u00ed jazyky popisu hardwaru jsou na rusk\u00e9m IT trhu pom\u011brn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed. 1870 specialist\u016f uvedlo na Headhunter, \u017ee znaj\u00ed Verilog. P\u0159i dotazu na VHDL se objev\u00ed 1159 \u017eivotopis\u016f. Oba jazyky ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 613 specialist\u016f. Ve n\u00e1zvu \u017eivotopisu znalost VHDL\/Verilog uvedli dva v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i. Samostatn\u011b znaj\u00ed Verilog jako hlavn\u00ed jazyk 19 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, VHDL \u2014 23. <\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ci nab\u00edzelo v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed znaj\u00ed VHDL, 68 firem, a Verilog \u2014 85. Z toho je celkem 56 spole\u010dn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch pozic. Na LinkedIn je zve\u0159ejn\u011bno 74 pracovn\u00edch nab\u00eddek. <\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee jazyky jsou popul\u00e1rn\u00ed mezi mlad\u00fdmi specialisty ve v\u011bku od 18 do 30 let. <\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee VHDL a Verilog obvykle jdou ruku v ruce, uk\u00e1\u017eu p\u0159\u00edklad pom\u011bru mezi po\u010dtem \u017eivotopis\u016f a po\u010dtem pracovn\u00edch pozic na p\u0159\u00edkladu jazyka VHDL. Pro n\u00e1zornost jsem zd\u016fraznila jednotliv\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed uvedli znalost VHDL v n\u00e1zvu \u017eivotopisu, co\u017e lze vid\u011bt na obr\u00e1zku:<\/p>\n

\"Nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed
\nObr\u00e1zek zobrazuje pom\u011br mezi po\u010dtem pracovn\u00edch nab\u00eddek a po\u010dtem publikovan\u00fdch \u017eivotopis\u016f. \u010cerven\u011b jsou ozna\u010deni p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i hardwarov\u00e9ho popisu VHDL.<\/i><\/p>\n

Scala<\/h3>\n

\nSnad jeden z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nej\u017e\u00e1dan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f ze seznamu. Jazyk se dostal do v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. Stackoverflow<\/a><\/noindex>Zauj\u00edm\u00e1 18. m\u00edsto v seznamu nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f. Je tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z obl\u00edben\u00fdch jazyk\u016f mezi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, obsadil 12. m\u00edsto v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku a nav\u00edc, Stackoverflow ozna\u010duje jazyk Scala za jeden z nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f. N\u00e1sleduje programovac\u00ed jazyk Erlang, kter\u00fd se um\u00edstil na 8. pozici. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd plat pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e Scala \u010din\u00ed 67 000 $. Nejv\u00edce se plat\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm Scala v USA. <\/p>\n

Na Headhunteru vyzna\u010dilo 166 odborn\u00edk\u016f znalost jazyka Scala v n\u00e1zvu sv\u00e9ho \u017eivotopisu. Celkem bylo na Headhunteru zve\u0159ejn\u011bno 1392 \u017eivotopis\u016f. Tento jazyk je velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed mezi mlad\u00fdmi odborn\u00edky. Obvykle se Scala spolu s Javou nach\u00e1z\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 linii. Na LinkedIn je 2593 \u017eivotopis\u016f, z nich\u017e 199 p\u0159\u00edmo od v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f Scala. <\/p>\n

Pokud mluv\u00edme o popt\u00e1vce, pak je zde v\u0161echno v\u00edce ne\u017e skv\u011bl\u00e9. Na Headhunteru je 515 aktivn\u00edch pracovn\u00edch pozic, z nich\u017e u 80 je Scala uvedena v n\u00e1zvu pracovn\u00ed nab\u00eddky. Na LinkedIn hled\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo 36 spole\u010dnost\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e Scala. Celkem 283 spole\u010dnost\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed pr\u00e1ci pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed Scala. <\/p>\n

\"Nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed
\nObr\u00e1zek ukazuje pom\u011br po\u010dtu pracovn\u00edch nab\u00eddek k po\u010dtu zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch \u017eivotopis\u016f. \u010cerven\u011b jsou ozna\u010deni p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i Scala.<\/i><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee jsou v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i Scala \u017e\u00e1dan\u00ed na rusk\u00e9m trhu, tak\u00e9 vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 platy. Statistika m\u00e9 agentury ukazuje, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i Scala maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed plat ne\u017e v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i Javy. Pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f hled\u00e1me v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e Scala pro jednu moskevskou spole\u010dnost. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd plat, kter\u00fd zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed specialist\u016fm na \u00farovni middle +, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na 250 tis\u00edc\u00edch rublech. <\/p>\n

Perl<\/h3>\n

\nNejv\u00edce \"vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm\" jazykem na m\u00e9m seznamu vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch jazyk\u016f se uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt Perl. V\u00edce ne\u017e 11 000 specialist\u016f v IT uvedlo znalost Perlu v seznamu kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed, z nich\u017e 319 vyneslo znalost jazyka do n\u00e1zvu \u017eivotopisu. Na LinkedIn jsem na\u0161la 6585 specialist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed Perl. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edch pozic na Headhunteru je 569, na LinkedIn 356. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vynesli znalost Perlu do n\u00e1zvu \u017eivotopisu, je m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch pozic. Perl nen\u00ed jen popul\u00e1rn\u00ed jazyk, ale tak\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 na trhu. Takto vypad\u00e1 statistika:<\/p>\n

\"Nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed
\nStatistika Stackoverflow<\/a><\/noindex> ukazuje, \u017ee Perl je jedn\u00edm z nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f (pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 hodnota - 69 000 $) a jedn\u00edm z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch na sv\u011bt\u011b. V\u00edce ne\u017e 4 % v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 Perl. <\/p>\n

Navzdory vysok\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enosti jazyka hledaj\u00ed projekty na trhu IT pr\u00e1ci pro Perl v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e ji\u017e dlouho. B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed let se do m\u00e9 agentury nikdy nedostala popt\u00e1vka po hled\u00e1n\u00ed Perl v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e pro nov\u00fd IT projekt nebo startup. <\/p>\n

Statistika:<\/h2>\n

\nPokud porovn\u00e1me popt\u00e1vku po v\u0161ech popul\u00e1rn\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyc\u00edch, dostaneme p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b takov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek: nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jazyk mezi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi - Perl. Na HeadHunter a LinkedIn je 925 pracovn\u00edch nab\u00eddek pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed znaj\u00ed Perl. Scala za Perlem p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezaost\u00e1v\u00e1. Na port\u00e1lech vis\u00ed 798 nab\u00eddek. <\/p>\n

\"Nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed
\n\"Nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed
\nP\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 diagramy ukazuj\u00ed po\u010det zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch nab\u00eddek pro programovac\u00ed jazyky: VHDL, Scala, Perl. <\/i><\/p>\n

Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 programovac\u00ed jazyky<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Forth<\/h3>\n

\nProgramovac\u00ed jazyk Forth se objevil v 70. letech. Nyn\u00ed nen\u00ed na rusk\u00e9m trhu popt\u00e1vka. Na Headhunter ani LinkedIn nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed nab\u00eddky. V \u017eivotopisech uvedlo znalost tohoto jazyka 166 specialist\u016f na Headhunter a 25 na LinkedIn.<\/p>\n

Naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina uchaze\u010d\u016f m\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 6 let zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Specialist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed znaj\u00ed Forth, po\u017eaduj\u00ed velmi r\u016fznorod\u00e9 mzdy od 20 tis\u00edc rubl\u016f a\u017e po 500 tis\u00edc rubl\u016f. <\/p>\n

Cobol<\/h3>\n

\nJeden z nejstar\u0161\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed do star\u0161\u00ed v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupiny (star\u0161\u00ed 50 let) s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi. To tak\u00e9 potvrzuje \u010derstv\u00fd \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek Stackoverflow<\/a><\/noindex>, ve kter\u00e9m se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee nejzku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed program\u00e1to\u0159i p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed v Cobolu a Perlu. <\/p>\n

Celkem jsem na\u0161la 362 \u017eivotopis\u016f na Headhunter a 108 \u017eivotopis\u016f na LinkedIn. Odborn\u00edci uvedli znalost Cobolu v n\u00e1zvu \u017eivotopisu 13. Pr\u00e1ce pro znalce Cobolu v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nen\u00ed nab\u00edzena. Na LinkedIn byla nalezena pouze jedna nab\u00eddka pro p\u0159\u00edmo Cobol v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e. <\/p>\n

Rexx<\/h3>\n

\nVyvinut\u00fd spole\u010dnost\u00ed IBM a dos\u00e1hl vrcholu sv\u00e9 popularity v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch 90. letech, jazyk Rexx se dnes stal jedn\u00edm z nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f v m\u00e9m seznamu.
\n186 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f uvedlo ve sv\u00fdch \u017eivotopisech na Headhunter znalost Rexxu a 114 na LinkedIn. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m z port\u00e1l\u016f se mi nepoda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt pracovn\u00ed nab\u00eddky pro znalce Rexxu. <\/p>\n

Tcl<\/h3>\n

\nPopt\u00e1vka po jazyce existuje, ale \u0159ekla bych, \u017ee jazyk nelze pova\u017eovat za \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fd. Na Headhunteru je 33 voln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst a na LinkedIn 11. Mzdy pro lidi se znalost\u00ed \u201cTcl\u201d nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9: od 65 tis\u00edc rubl\u016f do 150 tis\u00edc. Uvedlo, \u017ee jazyk ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 379 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f na Headhunteru a 465 na LinkedIn. V n\u00e1zvu \u017eivotopisu uvedl znalost Tcl pouze jeden v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159. <\/p>\n

Takto vypad\u00e1 pom\u011br po\u010dtu pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst k po\u010dtu \u017eivotopis\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch se vyskytuje dovednost ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed Tcl:<\/p>\n

\"Nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/p>\n

Clarion<\/h3>\n

\nNena\u0161la jsem ani jednu aktivn\u00ed nab\u00eddku, kter\u00e1 by vy\u017eadovala znalost Clarion. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nab\u00eddky existuj\u00ed. 162 lid\u00ed uvedlo na LinkedIn, \u017ee tento jazyk znaj\u00ed, a na Headhunteru 502 specialist\u00e9, z nich\u017e t\u0159i uvedli znalost v tituln\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dku \u017eivotopisu. Amazing Hiring na\u0161el 158 specialist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou touto jazykovou znalost\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem obezn\u00e1meni. <\/p>\n

Ceylon<\/h3>\n

\nByl vyvinut spole\u010dnost\u00ed Red Hat v roce 2011. Je zalo\u017een na Jav\u011b. Odtud tak\u00e9 n\u00e1zev jazyka: ostrov J\u00e1va je zn\u00e1m jako dodavatel k\u00e1vy, a ostrov Sr\u00ed Lanka, kdysi zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Cejlon, je celosv\u011btov\u00fdm dodavatelem \u010daje. <\/p>\n

Jazyk je skute\u010dn\u011b velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fd. Nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nab\u00eddky a prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u017eivotopisy. Na Headhunteru se poda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt doslova jeden \u017eivotopis. Syst\u00e9m Amazing Hiring uv\u00e1d\u00ed pouze 37 specialist\u016f po cel\u00e9 Rusku. <\/p>\n

Statistika:<\/h2>\n

\nPokud porovn\u00e1me v\u0161echny vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 jazyky podle po\u010dtu \u017eivotopis\u016f, vznikne zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 statistika: na LinkedIn uvedlo nejv\u00edce specialist\u016f znalost Tcl, zat\u00edmco na Headhunteru se nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm jazykem na seznamu stal Clarion. Nejmen\u0161\u00ed popularitu mezi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i m\u011bl Cobol.
\n\"Nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed
\n\"Nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed
\nM\u016fj mal\u00fd anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm jazykem je Ceylon, nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka ani nab\u00eddky na rusk\u00e9m IT trhu. K vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm jazyk\u016fm lze tak\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0159adit Forth, Cobol, Clarion a Rexx. Velmi \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 a popul\u00e1rn\u00ed jazyky se uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt Perl a Scala. Ty lze bezpe\u010dn\u011b vy\u0159adit ze seznamu vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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